CA1135331A - Separator for electric accumulators made of a microporous base material - Google Patents
Separator for electric accumulators made of a microporous base materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1135331A CA1135331A CA000338855A CA338855A CA1135331A CA 1135331 A CA1135331 A CA 1135331A CA 000338855 A CA000338855 A CA 000338855A CA 338855 A CA338855 A CA 338855A CA 1135331 A CA1135331 A CA 1135331A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- lattice
- base material
- separator according
- micro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 12
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
- B32B2038/0028—Stretching, elongating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A separator for electrical accumulators consisting of a porous base layer and an expanded lattice-structured web which are bonded together by application of heat and pressure. The lattice-structured web includes areas of reduced thickness which are substantially aligned in a preferred direction in order to provide paths for escape of gases.
A separator for electrical accumulators consisting of a porous base layer and an expanded lattice-structured web which are bonded together by application of heat and pressure. The lattice-structured web includes areas of reduced thickness which are substantially aligned in a preferred direction in order to provide paths for escape of gases.
Description
1~3S33~
The invention relates to a separator made of a micro-porous base material for use in electrical accumulators or batteries.
Depending upon cell_structure and electrode shape, the use of separators in accumlator technology covers a wide range of diaphragms from simple spacers to micro-porous three-dimensional structures. At present, most separators used in lead accumulators are made of acid-resistant thermoplastic synthetic materials.
The simplest way of producing such separators is by sintering syn-thetic powders. In such process, for instance, polyvinyl-chloride powder is applied in a thin layer to a steel strip and is passed through a sintering furnace. The powdered strip is sintered into a solid body of relatively high porosity by a furnace air-temperature of between 200 and 350C.
Plates of the desired size are obtained by cutting or stamping the solid bodies thus produced. These plates are in close surface contact with the electrode plates and leave no room for the free escape of the gases aris-ing during charging.
For this reason, the sintered strip, before being cut to size, is after-formed at a reduced temperature, between rolls, into a corrugated element. Alternatively the strip may be provided with ribs or webs formed from the strip by means of rollers or rakes, prior to sintering; or ribs may be applied subsequently.
It is usually sufficient to provide ribs on one side of the separ-ator only, allowing the other side of the separator to bear directly against the negative electrode. Arrangements of this kind, and also of corrugated foils, between positive and negative battery electrodes, are known, for example, from German AS 1 771 227. In that arrangment, the ribs or spacers are stamped from a foil of the desired thickness, and are glued, welded or ., . ~
' ~ ~
power-rolled, in parallel strips, to the separator itself. Accord-ing to another known method, disclosed in German AS 1 269 212, a heat-hardening synthetic-resin mix is applied by an extruder, in parallel lengths to the porous separator foil itself. This is then passed through a circulating-air furnace at a temperature which causes the mix to melt onto the base, which is impregnated with partly hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin, and causes it to become fully hardened.
Since the ribs can run in longitudinal strips only, if the ascending oxygen bubbles are to be able to escape, the separa-tor has satisfactory mechanical stability in one direction only, whereas it can easily be folded or compressed in the other direction.
It is therefore the purpose of the invention to provide a separator, more particularly a separator for lead accumulators and starter batteries, which not only performs its function as a highly porous diaphragm, but is also adequately rigid over its entire surface area and, in spite of close fitting, allows the charging gases to escape freely from the electrolyte.
According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that the side facing the positive electrode is connected to a lattice-structure made of synthetic material.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a separator consisting of a micro-porous base material for use in electric accumulators having a positive electrode, characterized in that the side of said micro-porous material facing the positive electrode is united with a lattice-structure made of a synthetic material.
The connection to the base material proper is to be -- :. . . .
~13533~
maintained only until the separator has assumed, once and for all, its position in the cell, between electrodes of different polarity.
It is the purpose of the lattice - 2a -, , ,, ~, 1~3533~
to secure an extremely flexible base-material manipulatably to the rigid separator in the course of manufacture.
The base-material of the separator according to the invention is a highly-porous foil made of a thermoplastic synthetic material resistant to acids. Although polyethylene is a suitable material, polypropylene is to be preferred. A known polypropylene foil, for example, has a thickness of about 25 ~ and a porosity of 35%, the diameter of the pores being less than 0.1 ~.
The pores in this foil may be regarded as discrete, slightly twisting ducts running from one surface to the other. The resulting, particularly uniform structure imparts to the foil suitable mechanical and electrical properties for the proposed application.
Adhering to one side of the base material of the separator is a syn-thetic lattice-structure preferably made of one of the same group of thermo-plastic materials, although a thermosetting material may also be used.
The lattice-structure acts as a spacer and the separator as a whole has increased bending strength in all surface directions, such as is not possessed by known laminar structures such as the web-separators mentioned at the beginning hereof. The said separator can best perform its function only in conjunction with the lattice-like spacer-layer over which the extremely thin foil is stretched to some extent.
The lattice-structure itself may consist of intersecting parallel groups of synthetic rods or filaments.
According to a preferred example of embodiment of the invention~ how-ever, the lattice-structure is made of expanded plastic, in the form of smooth strip material, in a manner similar to expanded metal. This expansion process is based upon a known stretching process to which the synthetic mat-erial constituting the lattice-structure owes its dimensional stability, 11~5331 since the stretching produces in most linear-polymer plastics a considerable increase in strength, with a simultaneous reduction in expansion. The increase in strength is due to the fact that generally convoluted filament molecules arrange themselves into structures resembling crystals under the influence of tension, within which the intermolecular bonding forces become more effective.
Both vitreous amorphous thermosetting materials, and thermoplastic materials which are partly crystalline at room temperature, for instance polyethylene and polypropylene, c~n be deformed by stretching or expanding.
In the case of polypropylene, it is desirable to carry out the stretching at a higher temperature, between 100 and 150C (the hot-forming temperature) which is close to the melting range of crystallites. In any case, the defor-mation temperature should be high enough to allow subsequent quenching to below the so-called solidifying temperature to be carried out. This is below the thermo-elastic range. The change in shape then persists until the crystal-melting range is reached, at least at the temperatures normally encountered in use.
The expanded plastic layer on the separator according to the invention preferably has webs of different thicknesses. The thinner ribs are arranged within the stretch-pattern in such a manner as to produce, in the preferred directions, aligned sections allowing the electrolyte gases to escape, after the separator has been fitted snugly between the electrode plates. This con-fi.guration of expanded plastic may be produced in various ways. For example, the slits made in the plastic foil, just like those used to produce expanded metal, are staggered in relation to each other, according to a pre-determined pattern, in such a manner that the surfaces between the said slits are forced sideways, some more strongly than others, by the blades of the expanding tool.
:
113533~
This makes it possible to produce strips of thinner webs having a 7ig-~ag pattern. Another way of producing greater or lesser web thicknesses side by side is by replacing the uniform slitting blades of the expanding tool, which are arranged in the form of a comb, partly and in a specific sequence, with cutting dies.
Uniting the lattice-structure with the micro-porous base material, to form a homogeneous element, may be carried out because of the special properties of thermoplastic synthetic materials, by heating the surfaces to be united and then bringing them together under gentle pressure, or by iron-ing the base material onto the lattice structure. However, the heating time should be short and the temperature should be adjusted to ensure that the surfaces are tacky and become welded together when pressure is applied.
To this end, it is advantageous to pass the micro-porous base mater-ial and the expanded plastic, both in strip form, separately over heated rollers whence they emerge with the sides facing the roller surfaces at the temperature necessary for gluing. The said strips are then picked up immed-iately by two closely adjacent deflecting rollers, between which they are pressed lightly together. The gap between the said deflecting rollers should be only slightly less than the height of the finished product, in order to avoid flattening ~he solidified expanded plastic.
Figure 1 shows a composite separator according to the invention.
As shown in Figure 1 the separator consists of a micro-porous base foil 1 and an expanded-plastic layer 2. The broken lines indicate preferred paths for the gas, formed by reducing the web thicknesses in these areas.
The total layer-thickness of the composite separator corresponds to the thickness of conventional starter-battery separators.
Referring to Figure 1 there is shown a plas~ic separator, particularly . ; .. .
, , . .
113533~
suitable for lead accumulators, consisting of a highly porous base foil (1) which is united, on the side facing the positive electrode, with a lattice-like structured layer (2). This layer, made of a synthetic material, may be produced from a foil material by a process similar to that used to produce expanded metal.
Passages allowing the charging gases to escape are produced by partial reduction of the thickness of the webs in the layer.
The invention relates to a separator made of a micro-porous base material for use in electrical accumulators or batteries.
Depending upon cell_structure and electrode shape, the use of separators in accumlator technology covers a wide range of diaphragms from simple spacers to micro-porous three-dimensional structures. At present, most separators used in lead accumulators are made of acid-resistant thermoplastic synthetic materials.
The simplest way of producing such separators is by sintering syn-thetic powders. In such process, for instance, polyvinyl-chloride powder is applied in a thin layer to a steel strip and is passed through a sintering furnace. The powdered strip is sintered into a solid body of relatively high porosity by a furnace air-temperature of between 200 and 350C.
Plates of the desired size are obtained by cutting or stamping the solid bodies thus produced. These plates are in close surface contact with the electrode plates and leave no room for the free escape of the gases aris-ing during charging.
For this reason, the sintered strip, before being cut to size, is after-formed at a reduced temperature, between rolls, into a corrugated element. Alternatively the strip may be provided with ribs or webs formed from the strip by means of rollers or rakes, prior to sintering; or ribs may be applied subsequently.
It is usually sufficient to provide ribs on one side of the separ-ator only, allowing the other side of the separator to bear directly against the negative electrode. Arrangements of this kind, and also of corrugated foils, between positive and negative battery electrodes, are known, for example, from German AS 1 771 227. In that arrangment, the ribs or spacers are stamped from a foil of the desired thickness, and are glued, welded or ., . ~
' ~ ~
power-rolled, in parallel strips, to the separator itself. Accord-ing to another known method, disclosed in German AS 1 269 212, a heat-hardening synthetic-resin mix is applied by an extruder, in parallel lengths to the porous separator foil itself. This is then passed through a circulating-air furnace at a temperature which causes the mix to melt onto the base, which is impregnated with partly hardened phenol-formaldehyde resin, and causes it to become fully hardened.
Since the ribs can run in longitudinal strips only, if the ascending oxygen bubbles are to be able to escape, the separa-tor has satisfactory mechanical stability in one direction only, whereas it can easily be folded or compressed in the other direction.
It is therefore the purpose of the invention to provide a separator, more particularly a separator for lead accumulators and starter batteries, which not only performs its function as a highly porous diaphragm, but is also adequately rigid over its entire surface area and, in spite of close fitting, allows the charging gases to escape freely from the electrolyte.
According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that the side facing the positive electrode is connected to a lattice-structure made of synthetic material.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a separator consisting of a micro-porous base material for use in electric accumulators having a positive electrode, characterized in that the side of said micro-porous material facing the positive electrode is united with a lattice-structure made of a synthetic material.
The connection to the base material proper is to be -- :. . . .
~13533~
maintained only until the separator has assumed, once and for all, its position in the cell, between electrodes of different polarity.
It is the purpose of the lattice - 2a -, , ,, ~, 1~3533~
to secure an extremely flexible base-material manipulatably to the rigid separator in the course of manufacture.
The base-material of the separator according to the invention is a highly-porous foil made of a thermoplastic synthetic material resistant to acids. Although polyethylene is a suitable material, polypropylene is to be preferred. A known polypropylene foil, for example, has a thickness of about 25 ~ and a porosity of 35%, the diameter of the pores being less than 0.1 ~.
The pores in this foil may be regarded as discrete, slightly twisting ducts running from one surface to the other. The resulting, particularly uniform structure imparts to the foil suitable mechanical and electrical properties for the proposed application.
Adhering to one side of the base material of the separator is a syn-thetic lattice-structure preferably made of one of the same group of thermo-plastic materials, although a thermosetting material may also be used.
The lattice-structure acts as a spacer and the separator as a whole has increased bending strength in all surface directions, such as is not possessed by known laminar structures such as the web-separators mentioned at the beginning hereof. The said separator can best perform its function only in conjunction with the lattice-like spacer-layer over which the extremely thin foil is stretched to some extent.
The lattice-structure itself may consist of intersecting parallel groups of synthetic rods or filaments.
According to a preferred example of embodiment of the invention~ how-ever, the lattice-structure is made of expanded plastic, in the form of smooth strip material, in a manner similar to expanded metal. This expansion process is based upon a known stretching process to which the synthetic mat-erial constituting the lattice-structure owes its dimensional stability, 11~5331 since the stretching produces in most linear-polymer plastics a considerable increase in strength, with a simultaneous reduction in expansion. The increase in strength is due to the fact that generally convoluted filament molecules arrange themselves into structures resembling crystals under the influence of tension, within which the intermolecular bonding forces become more effective.
Both vitreous amorphous thermosetting materials, and thermoplastic materials which are partly crystalline at room temperature, for instance polyethylene and polypropylene, c~n be deformed by stretching or expanding.
In the case of polypropylene, it is desirable to carry out the stretching at a higher temperature, between 100 and 150C (the hot-forming temperature) which is close to the melting range of crystallites. In any case, the defor-mation temperature should be high enough to allow subsequent quenching to below the so-called solidifying temperature to be carried out. This is below the thermo-elastic range. The change in shape then persists until the crystal-melting range is reached, at least at the temperatures normally encountered in use.
The expanded plastic layer on the separator according to the invention preferably has webs of different thicknesses. The thinner ribs are arranged within the stretch-pattern in such a manner as to produce, in the preferred directions, aligned sections allowing the electrolyte gases to escape, after the separator has been fitted snugly between the electrode plates. This con-fi.guration of expanded plastic may be produced in various ways. For example, the slits made in the plastic foil, just like those used to produce expanded metal, are staggered in relation to each other, according to a pre-determined pattern, in such a manner that the surfaces between the said slits are forced sideways, some more strongly than others, by the blades of the expanding tool.
:
113533~
This makes it possible to produce strips of thinner webs having a 7ig-~ag pattern. Another way of producing greater or lesser web thicknesses side by side is by replacing the uniform slitting blades of the expanding tool, which are arranged in the form of a comb, partly and in a specific sequence, with cutting dies.
Uniting the lattice-structure with the micro-porous base material, to form a homogeneous element, may be carried out because of the special properties of thermoplastic synthetic materials, by heating the surfaces to be united and then bringing them together under gentle pressure, or by iron-ing the base material onto the lattice structure. However, the heating time should be short and the temperature should be adjusted to ensure that the surfaces are tacky and become welded together when pressure is applied.
To this end, it is advantageous to pass the micro-porous base mater-ial and the expanded plastic, both in strip form, separately over heated rollers whence they emerge with the sides facing the roller surfaces at the temperature necessary for gluing. The said strips are then picked up immed-iately by two closely adjacent deflecting rollers, between which they are pressed lightly together. The gap between the said deflecting rollers should be only slightly less than the height of the finished product, in order to avoid flattening ~he solidified expanded plastic.
Figure 1 shows a composite separator according to the invention.
As shown in Figure 1 the separator consists of a micro-porous base foil 1 and an expanded-plastic layer 2. The broken lines indicate preferred paths for the gas, formed by reducing the web thicknesses in these areas.
The total layer-thickness of the composite separator corresponds to the thickness of conventional starter-battery separators.
Referring to Figure 1 there is shown a plas~ic separator, particularly . ; .. .
, , . .
113533~
suitable for lead accumulators, consisting of a highly porous base foil (1) which is united, on the side facing the positive electrode, with a lattice-like structured layer (2). This layer, made of a synthetic material, may be produced from a foil material by a process similar to that used to produce expanded metal.
Passages allowing the charging gases to escape are produced by partial reduction of the thickness of the webs in the layer.
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A separator consisting of a micro-porous base material for use in electric accumulators having a positive electrode, characterized in that the side of said micro-porous base material facing the positive electrode is united with a lattice-structure made of a synthetic material.
2. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice-structure is an expanded synthetic material.
3. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice-structure consists of intersecting parallel groups of plastic rods or filaments.
4. A separator according to claim 2, characterized in that the expanded synthetic material comprises expanded plastic, said expanded plastic comprising filaments of different thicknesses with filaments of lesser thickness being present along a preferred path for gases.
5. A method for producing a separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice structure is united on the one side of the micro-porous base material by application of heat.
6. A method for producing a separator according to claim 5, characterized in that the lattice structure is stretched to form a web having filaments of varying thicknesses.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2847463A DE2847463C2 (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1978-11-02 | Separator for electrical accumulators made from a microporous base material |
| DEP2847463.7 | 1978-11-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1135331A true CA1135331A (en) | 1982-11-09 |
Family
ID=6053638
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000338855A Expired CA1135331A (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1979-10-31 | Separator for electric accumulators made of a microporous base material |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5564363A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT373444B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE879707A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1135331A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2847463C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK458179A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES246498Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI793419A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2441274A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2038715B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1124909B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7908014A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO150657C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE436312B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59121775A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-13 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | Sealed type lead storage battery |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1348420A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | |||
| US2360658A (en) * | 1943-05-27 | 1944-10-17 | Carlile & Doughty Inc | Separator for batteries |
| US2531504A (en) * | 1944-06-12 | 1950-11-28 | Richardson Co | Separator for electric storage batteries |
| DE1681854U (en) * | 1952-04-22 | 1954-08-19 | Gottfried Hagen A G | COMPOSITE SEPARATOR. |
| CH314111A (en) * | 1952-06-28 | 1956-05-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Separator for electrical collector batteries |
| FR1067287A (en) * | 1952-11-29 | 1954-06-14 | Accumulator separator | |
| FR94909E (en) * | 1965-07-29 | 1970-01-23 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Process for separating the electrodes of batteries from primary cells or from electric accumulators, in particular from cells said to be primed with seawater, and batteries obtained by this process. |
-
1978
- 1978-11-02 DE DE2847463A patent/DE2847463C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-08-31 SE SE7907260A patent/SE436312B/en unknown
- 1979-10-12 GB GB7935601A patent/GB2038715B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-29 BE BE0/197874A patent/BE879707A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-30 ES ES1979246498U patent/ES246498Y/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-30 DK DK458179A patent/DK458179A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-10-31 CA CA000338855A patent/CA1135331A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-31 FR FR7927048A patent/FR2441274A1/en active Granted
- 1979-10-31 AT AT0702979A patent/AT373444B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-01 NO NO793514A patent/NO150657C/en unknown
- 1979-11-01 FI FI793419A patent/FI793419A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-11-01 NL NL7908014A patent/NL7908014A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-11-01 JP JP14052079A patent/JPS5564363A/en active Pending
- 1979-11-02 IT IT27016/79A patent/IT1124909B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2847463A1 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| FI793419A (en) | 1980-05-03 |
| IT1124909B (en) | 1986-05-14 |
| NL7908014A (en) | 1980-05-07 |
| FR2441274B3 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
| NO150657C (en) | 1984-11-21 |
| ATA702979A (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| FR2441274A1 (en) | 1980-06-06 |
| ES246498U (en) | 1980-02-16 |
| NO793514L (en) | 1980-05-05 |
| ES246498Y (en) | 1980-08-16 |
| AT373444B (en) | 1984-01-25 |
| SE7907260L (en) | 1980-05-03 |
| SE436312B (en) | 1984-11-26 |
| BE879707A (en) | 1980-02-15 |
| IT7927016A0 (en) | 1979-11-02 |
| GB2038715B (en) | 1983-02-09 |
| DE2847463C2 (en) | 1986-02-06 |
| NO150657B (en) | 1984-08-13 |
| DK458179A (en) | 1980-05-03 |
| JPS5564363A (en) | 1980-05-15 |
| GB2038715A (en) | 1980-07-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |