GB2033924A - Process for briquetting particulate fuel - Google Patents
Process for briquetting particulate fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2033924A GB2033924A GB7933179A GB7933179A GB2033924A GB 2033924 A GB2033924 A GB 2033924A GB 7933179 A GB7933179 A GB 7933179A GB 7933179 A GB7933179 A GB 7933179A GB 2033924 A GB2033924 A GB 2033924A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- water
- particulate fuel
- per cent
- oil
- briquetting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
- C10L5/16—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with bituminous binders, e.g. tar, pitch
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
A process for briquetting particulate fuel materials includes mixing to the fuel material a binder such as bitumen and/or pitch as well as an emulsion containing oil and water, homogenising this mixture and pressing it in a briquette press into shaped bodies. According to the invention the emulsion containing oil and water is a waste oily effluent sludge arising in mineral oil producing or refining plants and is added to the particulate fuel materials expediently in an amount of 0.5-6 weight per cent, containing expediently 40-80 weight per cent hydrocarbon, 20-50 weight per cent water and 1-15 weight percent solid material. The thus obtained briquette exhibits improved quality parameters and reduced production costs. The binder consumption is reduced and the calorific value of the otherwise wasted oily effluent sludge is utilised and pollution is reduced.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for briquetting particulate fuels, particularly coal-containing materials
The invention concerns a process for briquetting particulate fuels, particularly coal-containing materials.
At present the briquetting of various coalcontaining materials with the aid of binding materials takes place almost exclusively by mixing the coal materials with bitumen or possibly pitch. The binding material is added to the coal mixture in a ground or fluid state. Depending on the type of coal and the technology of manufacture, the proportion of binding material used may be between 7 - 15%. Generally speaking, the currently used rate of utilisation of binding material is unfavourable from the points of view of combustion technology and environmental protection because of the high rate of soot formation and smoke formation.From the point of view of currently used briquetting technology, it would be optimal to utilise binding materials having a softening point of approximately 70 - 75"C but the loading, storing and grinding of such binding materials makes the operation difficult, especially in the warmer seasons of the year, and the agglutination or caking-in of the apparatus frequently causes relatively long-lasting shut-downs and loss of output or productivity.
The use of binding materials such as BB-85 or
BB-95 of higher softening point partially reduces these shut-downs but their flowability is unsatisfactory in the kneading or pug-mills wherein the maximum permissable temperature is between 90 - 98"C, and therefore a considerable excess binder has to be mixed for the manufacture of briquettes of the same rigidity or strength. This, however, is disadvantageous or harmful both from the economic point of view as well as from the above-mentioned combustion technology and environment protection points of view. Moreover, briquettes made with binders of higher softening pointtend to be more rigid and hence more brittle, which also causes difficulties.
A known process for softening the binding material is to add commercially available oil in the amount of 1 to 4 weight per cent to the mixture of coal and binding material. While this process provides satisfactory results, its use is not expedient from an economic or energy consumption point of view.
Currently there are no known solutions to the problem of utilisation of effluent sludge which is formed in the oil industry as a by-product harmful to the environment. As a forced solution, this sludge is eliminated by being burned in open air. However, this gives rise to very considerable smoke and soot formation causing in turn very serious air pollution.
As an alternative solution, combustion of the sludge can take place in special sludge incinerators or the sludge is spread out over waste ground where it is decomposed by a microbiological process.
Annihilation in a sludge incinerator is a very uneconomic process partly because of the high investment costs (50 - 100 million forints in Hungarian currency) and partly because of the running costs and the wasted heat energy. This is because in the main additional or auxiliary combustion is required to combust the sludge and because of this the energy losses are significant even if a heat utilisation unit (recuperator) is used. Moreover, the incineration causes local air pollution which is objectionable from an environment protection point of view.
Microbiological annihiliation is on the one hand uneconomic because the calorific value of the sludge is lost and partly it removes large areas from agricultural use. Moreover, it causes considerable pollution of the soil and ground water. Especially because of the last mentioned reason, Water Authorities object to or prohibit such processes being utilised.
An aim of the present invention is to eliminate or substantially reduce the drawbacks of the known briquetting processes.
An aim of the invention is to provide a process for briquetting particulate fuel materials, especially coal materials, which enables the amount of binding material used to be reduced and at the same time to utilise binding materials with a softening point higher than those currently used, or in other words to enable the technological conditions and the quality of the briquettes to be improved whilst at the same time to provide a way of economically using oily effluent sludge which hitherto has been classified as a harmful waste material and reducing the environmentally polluting effect thereof.
The basis of the invention lies in the discovery that the oily sludge obtaining in the oil industry as an environmentally harmful waste can be used in the briquetting of coal and other particulate fuel materials as a partial substituentofthe binding material normally used in briquetting. Surprisingly, by reducing the amount of binding material, the physical characteristics of the thus obtained briquettes are not only not worsened but rather are improved.On the basis of this discovery the invention resides in a process for briquetting particulate fuel materials, especially coal-containing materials, wherein the particulate fuel material to be briquetted is mixed with a binding material, expediently bitumen and/or pitch as well as an oily and aqueous emulsion, the thus obtained mixture is rendered homogeneous, and finally the thus obtained mixture is pressed into shaped bodies in a briquetting press, and wherein, according to the invention, the oil and water containing emulsion employed is an oily effluent sludge mixed to the particulate fuel material.
In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention the oil and water containing emulsion employed is an oil effluent sludge arising in the course of ground water purification in rock oil plants.
In another preferred embodiment, the oil and water containing emulsion employed is that obtained in rock oil refining plants and is added to the particulate fuel material. In a further preferred embodiment, the amount of oily effluent sludge added to the particulate fuel material is 0.5 to 0.6 weight per cent.
Finally, in yet another preferred embodiment, the
oily effluent sludge added to the particulate material
contains 40 to 80 weight per cent hydrocarbon, 20 to
50 weight per cent water and 1 to 15 weight per cent
solid material.
In the process according to the invention the heat
ing value of oily effluent sludge amounting to 5000
to 8000 kcal/kg is fully utilisable and the current con
siderable pollution of air soil and ground water can
be eliminated or substantially reduced. Using the
process improves the quality of the manufactered
briquettes (parameters such as spot or point pres
sure, drum strength, elasticity, combustion proper
ties such as soot formation, smoke formation,
burn-out capacity) while the cost price is reduced.
In the process according to the invention the con
sumption of binding material can be reduced by 10
to 30% depending on the type of particulate fuel
material to be briquetted.
Because of the oil emulsion content of the effluent sludge added to particulate fuel materials such as coal material, the flowability of the higher softening point (BB-95) binding material attains the optimum flowability of the BB-75 binding material in the kneading or pug mill. In this case, on milling the complete mixture, instead of hitherto used tempera- ture of 95-98"C it is sufficient to maintain a temperature of 80-85"C and thus considerable heat energy may be saved.
The output of the Hungarian briquetting industry at present is about 1-1.2 milliontonnes per year. By using the process according to the invention significant amounts of oily effluent sludge (approximately 12,000 tonnes per annum) may be fuily utilised as energy carrier.
The oil effluent sludge utilised in the process according to the invention may expediently contain 40 to 80% hydrocarbon, 20 to 50% water and 1 to 15% solid material, mainly consisting of clay minerals, which latter transforms the sludge over a long period to an 80-90% stable emulsion. The effluent sludge of these characteristics arising in rock oil producing and refining plants may be utilised without previous treatment or processing by simply transporting it to the site or briquetting and there may be mixed directly into the briquetting mixture.
EXAMPLE
In an experimental pilot plantinthe Briquetting
Works of Nagymanyok a lengthy operational experiment was conducted while maintaining the normal operational conditions. In the course of the experiment, the coal mixture the binding material and the technological parameters were not changed from those prescribed for continuous operation.
The coal mixture consisted of the following coal types:
40% coal slack of 0. to 6 mm particulate size from Szaszvar; 25% dried coal sludge from Komlo; 25% brown coal of particle size 0 to 15mm from
Tatabanya.
The binding material employed was 10% BB-85-95 type bitumen used in the briquetting industry.
Apart from adding 2% oily effluent sludge or emulsion, no other changes were effected in the normal manufacturing technology. The oil effluent sludge was added at the front or loading end of a double screw feeder containing an already fully mixed bitumen-coal mixture. In the course of the experimental production, briquette samples were taken directly before beginning the addition of the oil effluent sludge and then thereafter at the customary 50 minute intervals. The oil effluent sludge contained 55% hydrocarbon, 41% water and 4% solid material.
The Table below shows the comparison tests of briquettes made in the customary or traditional manner without adding oil effluent sludge and with the use of oily effluent sludge, according to the invention:
TABLE
According to
Traditional the Invention
Calorific value 5686 kcal/kg 5585 kcal kg
Ash content 27.04% 26.46%
Moisture content 3.48% 5.51%
Dry Ash 27.98% 28.00%
Compressive strength 70.7 kg 80.5 kg
Cohesion 66.0 / 72.4%
From these data it may be seen that of the quality parameters of the briquettes manufactered by the addition of oily effluent sludge, the calorific value and the ash content do not change appreciably or in other words remain within the range permitted in the briquetting industry. Naturally, the moisture content increases because of the water added in with the oily effluent sludge but after about 24 hours this drops to the cusomary value because of the adding of the oil effluent sludge; that is to say the water is forced to the surface.
On the other hand, the compressive strength and cohesion of the briquette significantly increases under the effect of adding oily effluent sludge which makes it possible to reduce the amount of binding material used and thus on burning the briquette less smoke is formed. The appreciable increase in the drum strength affords significant advantages in loading transporting and storing. At the levels of a retail yard the coal dust formation is reduced from the permitted 15% value to a maximum of 6-8%.
Claims (7)
1. A process for briquetting particulate fuel materials, particularly coal-containing materials wherein the particulate fuel material to be briquetted is mixed with a binding material, expediently bitumen and/or pitch, as well as an emulsion containing oil and water, and the thus obtained material is mixed to homogeneity, and finally the thus obtained mixture is pressed into shaped bodies in a briquetting press characterised in that the oil and water containing emulsion added to the particulate fuel material is an oily effluent sludge.
2. The process according to claim 1, characterised in that the emulsion containing oil and water added to the particulate fuel material is an oily effluent sludge obtained in rock oil producing plants in the course of ground water purification.
3. The process according to claim 1, characterised in that the emulsion containing oil and water added to the particulate fuel material is an oily effluent sludge arising in mineral or rock oil refining plants.
4. The process according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that 0.5 to 6 weight per cent of oily effluent sludge is added to the particulate fuel material.
5. A process according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the oily effluent sludge added to the particulate fuel material contains 40 - 80 weight per cent hydrocarbon, 20 - 50 weight per cent water and 1 to 5 per cent solid material.
6. A process for briquetting substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.
7. A fuel briquette whenever made by a process claimed in any preceding claim.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HUBA003709 HU178442B (en) | 1978-09-26 | 1978-09-26 | Process for briquetting granular fuels,particularly carbon fuels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2033924A true GB2033924A (en) | 1980-05-29 |
| GB2033924B GB2033924B (en) | 1982-11-10 |
Family
ID=10993473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7933179A Expired GB2033924B (en) | 1978-09-26 | 1979-09-25 | Process for briquetting particulate fuel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2938935A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2033924B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU178442B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2138441A (en) * | 1983-04-18 | 1984-10-24 | British Gas Corp | Briquetting coal |
| US20120291342A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2012-11-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd) | Method for manufacturing briquetted solid fuel using porous coal as starting material |
| CN104927959A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-23 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method and using method of adhesion agent for manufacturing waterproof and wear-resistant briquette coal |
-
1978
- 1978-09-26 HU HUBA003709 patent/HU178442B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-09-25 GB GB7933179A patent/GB2033924B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-26 DE DE19792938935 patent/DE2938935A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2138441A (en) * | 1983-04-18 | 1984-10-24 | British Gas Corp | Briquetting coal |
| US20120291342A1 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2012-11-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd) | Method for manufacturing briquetted solid fuel using porous coal as starting material |
| US8523961B2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2013-09-03 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Method for manufacturing briquetted solid fuel using porous coal as starting material |
| CN104927959A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-23 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method and using method of adhesion agent for manufacturing waterproof and wear-resistant briquette coal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2033924B (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| HU178442B (en) | 1982-05-28 |
| DE2938935A1 (en) | 1980-04-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |