EP0373236B1 - Non-polluting coal briquet and process for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Non-polluting coal briquet and process for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP0373236B1 EP0373236B1 EP19880120818 EP88120818A EP0373236B1 EP 0373236 B1 EP0373236 B1 EP 0373236B1 EP 19880120818 EP19880120818 EP 19880120818 EP 88120818 A EP88120818 A EP 88120818A EP 0373236 B1 EP0373236 B1 EP 0373236B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
Definitions
- the invention relates to environmentally friendly coal briquettes. It particularly concerns environmentally friendly coal briquettes, in which pollutant emissions are significantly reduced and ash that can be deposited is obtained.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing such environmentally friendly coal briquettes.
- the combustion gases contain the particularly harmful SO2 and chlorine, as well as nitrous gases.
- the combustion gases released into the atmosphere are distributed in the atmosphere and are absorbed there by rain and can then return to the earth's surface as so-called "acid rain”.
- DE-PS 33 30 843 describes a method for reducing pollutant emissions during the operation of combustion devices, in which certain additives are added to the combustion material in the combustion system and these additives are then also burned in the combustion chamber at high temperatures.
- the object of the invention is to provide briquettes based on lignite or hard coal, which enable environmentally friendly combustion, in which the exhaust gases are largely or completely free of SO2, chlorine and nitrous gases, and in which also the ashes contain the pollutants so that the ashes can be deposited and do not contribute to soil and groundwater pollution.
- Briquetting hard coal for its use e.g. in the domestic fire sector, is well known.
- the washed fine coal is first dried and brought to a low residual water content and is briquetted together with the dust accumulated during the screening.
- Coarse grain is crushed beforehand.
- the grain size for the production of egg briquettes is approximately 6 mm and that of nut briquettes is approximately 3 mm.
- With lignite the dried, fine coal with a size of up to 3 mm and at a pressure of about 1000 bar is pressed together.
- about 5 to 7.5% by mass of binder, such as pitch, is usually added when briquetting.
- binders are not required in the briquettes according to the invention because the additives already serve as binders, in particular the additives of component (b).
- Starting products for the production of the briquettes according to the invention can also be coal slurries with a high water content. Such coal slurries fall for example when washing the coal or when finely grinding coal in pipelines for easier transport and suspending it in water. According to the invention, such hydrous coal products are suitable for processing into briquettes. In all cases, the amounts of additives relate to the dry content in the finished briquette.
- the ratio of component (a) to component (b) can be 30:70 to 70:30.
- Components (a) and (b) are added to the coal grains to be briquetted in amounts which are between 3 and 12 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the dry coal.
- the ratio is preferably 4 to 12 parts by weight of additives per 100 parts by weight of dry coal base.
- the aggregate (a) is a special lime T from the chemical industry.
- This special lime essentially contains calcium carbonate (about 85%) and 9 to 11% hexagonal carbon.
- Such a special lime containing graphite and lime falls e.g. in the production of lime nitrogen in large quantities and previously had to be thrown into the dump.
- the hexagonal carbon contained in lime prevents a momentary flame reaction on the combustion surface.
- the glow effect achieved by the hexagonal carbon partially increases the affinity of the pollutants.
- the residue products from the sugar industry can be used individually or in combination.
- Component (ii) increases the crystallization of the slag and the inclusion of solid pollutants.
- Component (iii) which contains up to approx. 80% by weight of lime components that bind pollutants, also contributes to combustion.
- Components (i), (ii) and (iii) are preferably present in a weight ratio of approximately 4: 4: 92. Of course, further changes are possible within these areas, depending on the composition of the coal.
- the amounts of the aggregates must be based on the dry weight of the coal, i.e. after subtracting the moisture, calculate.
- This briquetting mixture is processed with the addition of superheated steam in kneaders into a plastic mass and pressed in a roller press into nut briquettes with a weight of 18 to 24 g.
- the measured values refer to normal cubic meters.
- Rhenish brown coal which is intended for briquetting, is usually obtained as a dried, fine coal grain with a size of up to 3 mm. Conventionally, this coal grain is pressed into long-form briquettes at a pressure of approximately 1000 bar. According to the invention, 100 kg of the fine coal grain with a size of up to 3 mm are added: 2.5 kg special lime T 0.1 kg syrup-like molasses 0.5 kg solid substance from beet cleaning 1.9 kg of carbo sludge from sugar production.
- This mixture is pressed into long-form briquettes under a pressure of 1000 bar.
- Example 2 an ash is obtained in which the pollutants are incorporated in such a way that the ash can be deposited.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft umweltfreundliche Kohlebriketts. Sie betrifft insbesondere umweltfreundliche Kohlebriketts, bei denen die Schadstoffemissionen erheblich vermindert sind und man eine deponierfähige Asche erhält. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher umweltfreundlichen Kohlebriketts.The invention relates to environmentally friendly coal briquettes. It particularly concerns environmentally friendly coal briquettes, in which pollutant emissions are significantly reduced and ash that can be deposited is obtained. The invention also relates to a method for producing such environmentally friendly coal briquettes.
Beim Verbrennen von fossilen Brennstoffen sind die mit den Verbrennungsgasen an die Umwelt abgegebenen Emissionswerte von erheblicher Bedeutung. Die Verbrennungsgase enthalten unter anderem das besonders schädliche SO₂ und Chlor, sowie auch Nitrose-Gase. Die an die Atmosphäre abgegebenen Verbrennungsgase verteilen sich in der Atmosphäre und werden dort durch Regen aufgenommen und können dann als sogenannter "saurer Regen" auf die Erdoberfläche zurückkommen.When burning fossil fuels, the emission values released into the environment with the combustion gases are of considerable importance. The combustion gases contain the particularly harmful SO₂ and chlorine, as well as nitrous gases. The combustion gases released into the atmosphere are distributed in the atmosphere and are absorbed there by rain and can then return to the earth's surface as so-called "acid rain".
Der Schaden, der durch die Emission angerichtet wird, ist außerordentlich groß und es bestehen gesetzliche Vorschriften, durch welche die zulässigen Schadstoffemissionswerte bei Verbrennungsanlagen festgelegt werden.The damage caused by the emission is extremely large and there are legal regulations that determine the permissible pollutant emission values for incineration plants.
Für Großfeuerungsanlagen, also Kraftwerke oder auch Müllverbrennungsanlagen, liegen gesetzliche Vorschriften zur Verminderung der Emissionswerte vor. Man kann eine Verbesserung und Verminderung der Emissionswerte durch entsprechende Gaswäscher und Staubfilter erhalten. Bekannt ist es auch, durch entsprechende Zuschlagsstoffe zum Verbrennungsgut die Emissionswerte zu verringern und die Deponierfähigkeit der Asche zu verbessern. So wird unter anderem in der DE-PS 33 30 843 ein Verfahren zum Vermindern der Schadstoffemission beim Betrieb von Verbrennungseinrichtungen beschrieben, bei dem man in der Verbrennungsanlage dem Verbrennungsgut bestimmte Zusatzstoffe zugibt und diese Zusatzstoffe dann im Verbrennungsraum bei hohen Temperaturen mitverbrennt.For large combustion plants, i.e. power plants or waste incineration plants, there are legal regulations for reducing the emission values. One can obtain an improvement and reduction of the emission values by appropriate gas scrubbers and dust filters. It is also known to reduce the emission values and to improve the landfill capacity of the ash by means of appropriate additives to the combustion material. For example, DE-PS 33 30 843 describes a method for reducing pollutant emissions during the operation of combustion devices, in which certain additives are added to the combustion material in the combustion system and these additives are then also burned in the combustion chamber at high temperatures.
Während man für Müllverbrennungsanlagen und Grossfeuerungsanlagen durch entsprechende Nachrüstung, z.B. Trocken- oder Naßfilter, oder durch die vorerwähnten Zusatzstoffe die angestrebte Verminderung der Emissionswerte und die Erzielung einer deponierfähigen Asche bewirken kann, sind diese Möglichkeiten bei den zahlreichen kleineren Verbrennungsanlagen in mittleren und kleinen Industrie- und Handwerksbetrieben sowie im gesamten Hausbrand nicht möglich. In kleinen Betrieben, z.B. Bäckereien, aber auch in den Haushalten wird Kohle in Form von Briketts, und zwar sowohl Steinkohle als auch Braunkohle, verbrannt und die entstehenden Abgase werden in aller Regel ohne jede Reinigung an die Atmosphäre abgegeben. Die Asche wird verworfen und wird bei den Kleinhaushalten zum üblichen Müll gegeben. Die Summe der zahlreichen Haushalte und kleinen Betriebe, in denen Briketts verfeuert werden, trägt in erheblichem Masse zur Luftverschmutzung bei, und im gleichen Masse findet durch die dabei anfallende Asche eine Verschmutzung des Bodens und des Grundwassers statt.While one can achieve the desired reduction in emission values and the achievement of landfillable ashes for waste incineration plants and large combustion plants by appropriate retrofitting, e.g. dry or wet filters, or by the aforementioned additives, these possibilities are with the numerous smaller incineration plants in medium and small industrial and Craftsmen and in the entire house fire not possible. In small businesses, e.g. bakeries, but also in households, coal is burned in the form of briquettes, both hard coal and lignite, and the resulting exhaust gases are generally released into the atmosphere without any cleaning. The ashes are discarded and given to the usual rubbish in small households. The sum of the numerous households and small businesses in which briquettes are burned makes a considerable contribution to air pollution, and to the same extent, the resulting ash causes pollution of the soil and groundwater.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Briketts auf Basis von Braun- oder Steinkohle zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine umweltfreundliche Verbrennung ermöglichen, bei denen also die Abgase weitgehend oder vollständig frei von SO₂, Chlor und Nitrose-Gasen sind, und bei denen darüber hinaus auch die Asche die Schadstoffe so eingebunden enthält, daß die Asche deponierfähig ist und nicht zur Boden- und Grundwasserverschmutzung beiträgt.The object of the invention is to provide briquettes based on lignite or hard coal, which enable environmentally friendly combustion, in which the exhaust gases are largely or completely free of SO₂, chlorine and nitrous gases, and in which also the ashes contain the pollutants so that the ashes can be deposited and do not contribute to soil and groundwater pollution.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch Briketts gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by briquettes according to claim 1.
Das Brikettieren von Steinkohle für ihre Verwendung, z.B. im Hausbrandsektor, ist bekannt. Die gewaschene Feinkohle wird dabei zunächst getrocknet und auf einen niedrigen Restwassergehalt gebracht und wird zusammen mit dem bei der Sichtung anfallenden Staub brikettiert. Grobes Korn wird vorher zerkleinert. In der Regel beträgt die Korngröße zur Herstellung von Eierbriketts etwa 6 mm und von Nussbriketts etwa 3 mm. Bei Braunkohle wird die getrocknete, feine Kohle mit einer Größe von bis zu 3 mm und bei einem Druck von etwa 1000 bar zusammengepreßt. Für die Steinkohle gibt man beim Brikettieren in der Regel noch etwa 5 bis 7,5 Masse-% Bindemittel, wie Pech, hinzu. Bekannt ist es auch, zur Verringerung der Umweltverschmutzung Sulfitablauge anstelle von Pech als Bindemittel zuzugeben. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Briketts sind diese Bindemittel nicht erforderlich, weil die Zusatzstoffe bereits als Bindemittel dienen, insbesondere die Zusatzstoffe der Komponente (b).Briquetting hard coal for its use, e.g. in the domestic fire sector, is well known. The washed fine coal is first dried and brought to a low residual water content and is briquetted together with the dust accumulated during the screening. Coarse grain is crushed beforehand. As a rule, the grain size for the production of egg briquettes is approximately 6 mm and that of nut briquettes is approximately 3 mm. With lignite, the dried, fine coal with a size of up to 3 mm and at a pressure of about 1000 bar is pressed together. For briquettes, about 5 to 7.5% by mass of binder, such as pitch, is usually added when briquetting. It is also known to add sulfite waste liquor instead of pitch as a binder to reduce environmental pollution. These binders are not required in the briquettes according to the invention because the additives already serve as binders, in particular the additives of component (b).
Ausgangsprodukte für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Briketts können auch Kohleaufschlämmungen mit hohem Wassergehalt sein. Solche Kohleaufschlämmungen fallen beispielsweise beim Waschen der Kohle an oder wenn man Kohle zum leichteren Transportieren in Pipelines fein mahlt und in Wasser suspendiert. Solche wasserhaltigen Kohleprodukte sind erfindungsgemäß für die Verarbeitung zu Briketts geeignet. Die Mengen an Zusatzstoffen beziehen sich in allen Fällen auf den Trockengehalt in dem fertigen Brikett.Starting products for the production of the briquettes according to the invention can also be coal slurries with a high water content. Such coal slurries fall for example when washing the coal or when finely grinding coal in pipelines for easier transport and suspending it in water. According to the invention, such hydrous coal products are suitable for processing into briquettes. In all cases, the amounts of additives relate to the dry content in the finished briquette.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Briketts können in der für Stein- oder Braunkohlebriketts üblichen Weise auf den hierfür vorgesehenen Vorrichtungen brikettiert werden. Unabhängig davon, ob es sich um Braunkohle oder Steinkohlebriketts in Eier-, Nuß- oder der üblichen Brikettform handelt, wird dem zu brikettierenden Kohlekorn erfindungsgemäß eine Mischung zugegeben, bestehend aus
- (a) Spezialkalk T, enthaltend Calciumcarbonat und hexagonalen Kohlenstoff; sowie
- (b) Rückstandsprodukte aus der Zuckerindustrie, nämlich:
- (i) sirupartige Melasse,
- (ii) Festsubstanz aus der Rübenreinigung, sowie
- (iii) Carboschlamm aus der Zuckerfertigung.
- (a) special lime T containing calcium carbonate and hexagonal carbon; such as
- (b) Residue products from the sugar industry, namely:
- (i) syrupy molasses,
- (ii) solid matter from beet cleaning, and
- (iii) Carbo sludge from sugar production.
Das Verhältnis der Komponente (a) zur Komponente (b) kann bei 30:70 bis 70:30 liegen.The ratio of component (a) to component (b) can be 30:70 to 70:30.
Die Komponenten (a) und (b) werden den zu brikettierenden Kohlekörnern in Mengen zugegeben, die zwischen 3 und 12 Gew.-Teilen, bezogen auf 100 Gew.-Teile der trockenen Kohle, liegen. Vorzugsweise beträgt das Verhältnis 4 bis 12 Gew.-Teile Zusatzstoffe pro 100 Gew.-Teile trockener Kohlegrundmasse. Dabei erfolgt die Auswahl des Verhältnisses der Komponenten (a) und (b) und auch der Komponenten innerhalb der der Komponente (b) entsprechend den Erfordernissen. Dies heißt mit anderen Worten, daß man den Schwefel- und Chlorgehalt der zu verbrennenden Kohle kennt und entsprechende Mengen der vorgenannten Zusatzstoffe zugibt, wobei man aus Sicherheitsgründen eine 2- bis 3-fach stöchiometrische Überschußmenge dieser Zusatzstoffe verwendet.Components (a) and (b) are added to the coal grains to be briquetted in amounts which are between 3 and 12 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the dry coal. The ratio is preferably 4 to 12 parts by weight of additives per 100 parts by weight of dry coal base. The selection of the Ratio of components (a) and (b) and also of the components within that of component (b) according to the requirements. In other words, this means that the sulfur and chlorine content of the coal to be burned is known and corresponding amounts of the abovementioned additives are added, a 2 to 3-fold stoichiometric excess amount of these additives being used for safety reasons.
Der Zuschlagsstoff (a) ist ein Spezialkalk T aus der chemischen Industrie. Dieser Spezialkalk enthält im wesentlichen Calciumcarbonat (etwa 85 %), sowie 9 bis 11 % hexagonalen Kohlenstoff. Ein solcher grafit- und kalkhaltiger Spezialkalk fällt z.B. bei der Kalkstickstoffherstellung in großen Mengen an und mußte bisher auf die Halde geworfen werden.The aggregate (a) is a special lime T from the chemical industry. This special lime essentially contains calcium carbonate (about 85%) and 9 to 11% hexagonal carbon. Such a special lime containing graphite and lime falls e.g. in the production of lime nitrogen in large quantities and previously had to be thrown into the dump.
Durch den in Kalk enthaltenen, hexagonalen Kohlenstoff wird auf der Verbrennungsoberfläche eine momentane Flammenreaktion unterbunden. Der durch den hexagonalen Kohlenstoff erzielte Glüheffekt erhöht die Affinität der Schadstoffe zum Teil.The hexagonal carbon contained in lime prevents a momentary flame reaction on the combustion surface. The glow effect achieved by the hexagonal carbon partially increases the affinity of the pollutants.
Als zweite Komponente (Komponente (b)) kommen Rückstandsprodukte aus der Zuckerindustrie zur Verwendung, nämlich
- (i) sirupartige Melasse,
- (ii) Festsubstanz aus der Rübenreinigung, sowie
- (iii) Carboschlamm aus der Zuckerfertigung.
- (i) syrupy molasses,
- (ii) solid matter from beet cleaning, and
- (iii) Carbo sludge from sugar production.
Die aus der Zuckerindustrie stammenden Rückstandsprodukte können einzeln oder in Kombination eingesetzt werden. Die Komponente (ii) erhöht die Kristallisation der Schlacke und die Einbindung von Festschadstoffen.The residue products from the sugar industry can be used individually or in combination. Component (ii) increases the crystallization of the slag and the inclusion of solid pollutants.
Die Komponente (iii), die bis ca. 80 Gew.% schadstoffbindende Kalkanteile enthält, trägt auch zur Verbrennung bei.Component (iii), which contains up to approx. 80% by weight of lime components that bind pollutants, also contributes to combustion.
Auch diese Stoffe, die in der Zuckerindustrie anfallen, galten bisher als Abfallstoffe, die nicht oder nur schlecht verwertbar waren.These substances, which are produced in the sugar industry, were previously considered to be waste materials that could not be used or could only be used with difficulty.
Die Komponenten (i), (ii) und (iii) liegen vorzugsweise in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von ca. 4:4:92 vor. Selbstverständlich sind innerhalb dieser Bereiche weitere Änderungen, je nach der Zusammensetzung der Kohle, möglich.Components (i), (ii) and (iii) are preferably present in a weight ratio of approximately 4: 4: 92. Of course, further changes are possible within these areas, depending on the composition of the coal.
Es ist möglich, die Komponenten (a) und (b) vorzumischen und dann in vorgemischter Form zu dem zu brikettierenden Kohlefeinkorn zu geben. Ebenso kann man aber auch die Zuschlagsstoffe einzeln dem Kohlefeinkorn zugeben, worauf man dann die Brikettierung in an sich bekannter Weise in den hierfür bekannten Vorrichtungen durchführt.It is possible to premix components (a) and (b) and then add them in premixed form to the fine coal grain to be briquetted. However, it is also possible to add the additives individually to the fine coal grain, whereupon the briquetting is carried out in a manner known per se in the devices known for this purpose.
Es ist möglich, die Zuschlagsstoffe der Kohle auch schon vor dem Trocknen zuzugeben. In diesem Fall muss man selbstverständlich die Mengen der Zuschlagsstoffe auf das Trockengewicht der Kohle, d.h. nach Abzug der Feuchtigkeit, berechnen.It is possible to add the additives to the coal even before it dries. In this case, of course, the amounts of the aggregates must be based on the dry weight of the coal, i.e. after subtracting the moisture, calculate.
Herstellung von umweltfreundlichen Steinkohlebriketts:
Gemahlene Rohkohle wird gesichtet und das grobe Gut wird naß aussortiert. Die gewaschene Feinkohle wird in einem Trommeltrockner auf einen niedrigen Restwassergehalt gebracht und mit dem bei der Sichtung anfallenden Staub vermischt. Zu je 100 kg dieses Brikettiergemisches mit einer oberen Korngrenze von etwa 3 mm, gibt man:
2,00 kg Spezialkalk T
0,08 kg sirupartige Melasse
0,04 kg Festsubstanz aus der Rübenreinigung und
1,88 kg Carboschlamm aus der Zuckerfertigung.Production of environmentally friendly hard coal briquettes:
Ground raw coal is sifted and the coarse material is sorted out wet. The washed fine coal is brought to a low residual water content in a drum dryer and mixed with the dust accumulated during the screening. For every 100 kg of this briquetting mixture with an upper grain limit of about 3 mm, you add:
2.00 kg special lime T
0.08 kg syrup-like molasses
0.04 kg solid substance from beet cleaning and
1.88 kg of carbo sludge from sugar production.
Dieses Brikettiergemisch wird unter Zufügung von überhitztem Dampf in Knetwerken zu einer plastischen Masse verarbeitet und in einer Walzenpresse zu Nußbriketts mit einem Gewicht von 18 bis 24 g verpreßt.This briquetting mixture is processed with the addition of superheated steam in kneaders into a plastic mass and pressed in a roller press into nut briquettes with a weight of 18 to 24 g.
Zum Vergleich wird ein gleicher Ansatz hergestellt, bei dem jedoch die erfindungsgemäß zugegebenen Zuschlagsstoffe nicht zugegeben werden. Anstelle dieser Zusatzstoffe gibt man zum Binden des Kohlekorns 4 kg Pech auf je 100 kg des Brikettiergemisches zu. Man erhält folgende Abgaswerte nach der Verbrennung:For comparison, an identical batch is produced, but in which the additives added according to the invention are not added. Instead of these additives, 4 kg of pitch are added to each 100 kg of the briquetting mixture to bind the coal grain. The following exhaust gas values are obtained after combustion:
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Briketts
31 mg/m³ SO₂
141 mg/m³ NOx
nicht nachweisbar Cl₂In the briquettes according to the invention
31 mg / m³ SO₂
141 mg / m³ NO x
undetectable Cl₂
Bei den Briketts ohne erfindungsgemäße Zuschlagsstoffe erhält man folgende Werte:
587 mg/m³ SO₂
286 mg/m³ NOx
nicht nachweisbar Cl₂The following values are obtained for the briquettes without additives according to the invention:
587 mg / m³ SO₂
286 mg / m³ NO x
undetectable Cl₂
Die Meßwerte beziehen sich jeweils auf Normalkubikmeter.The measured values refer to normal cubic meters.
Rheinische Braunkohle, die zur Brikettierung bestimmt ist, fällt in der Regel als getrocknetes, feines Kohlekorn mit einer Größe bis zu 3 mm an. Herkömmlicherweise wird dieses Kohlekorn mit einem Druck von etwa 1000 bar zu Langform-Briketts verpreßt. Zu 100 kg des feinen Kohlekorns mit einer Größe von bis zu 3 mm werden erfindungsgemäß gegeben:
2,5 kg Spezialkalk T
0,1 kg sirupartige Melasse
0,5 kg Festsubstanz aus der Rübenreinigung
1,9 kg Carboschlamm aus der Zuckerfertigung.Rhenish brown coal, which is intended for briquetting, is usually obtained as a dried, fine coal grain with a size of up to 3 mm. Conventionally, this coal grain is pressed into long-form briquettes at a pressure of approximately 1000 bar. According to the invention, 100 kg of the fine coal grain with a size of up to 3 mm are added:
2.5 kg special lime T
0.1 kg syrup-like molasses
0.5 kg solid substance from beet cleaning
1.9 kg of carbo sludge from sugar production.
Dieses Gemisch wird zu Langform-Briketts unter einem Druck von 1000 bar verpreßt.This mixture is pressed into long-form briquettes under a pressure of 1000 bar.
Zum Vergleich wird ein gleicher Ansatz hergestellt, bei dem jedoch die erfindungsgemäß zugegebenen Zuschlagstoffe nicht zugegeben werden. Die Bindung der Braunkohlebriketts erfolgt mit 4 kg Pech.For comparison, an identical batch is produced, but in which the additives added according to the invention are not added. The lignite briquettes are bound with 4 kg of pitch.
Man erhält folgende Abgaswerte nach der Verbrennung:
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Briketts
10 mg/m³ SO₂
70 mg/m³ NOx
nicht meßbar Cl₂The following exhaust gas values are obtained after combustion:
In the briquettes according to the invention
10 mg / m³ SO₂
70 mg / m³ NO x
not measurable Cl₂
Bei den Briketts ohne erfinderische Zuschlagsstoffe erhält man folgende Werte:
684 mg/m³ SO₂
312 mg/m³ NOx
nicht meßbar Cl₂The following values are obtained with briquettes without inventive additives:
684 mg / m³ SO₂
312 mg / m³ NO x
not measurable Cl₂
Sowohl im Beispiel 1 wie beim Beispiel 2 erhält man eine Asche, in welcher die Schadstoffe so eingebunden sind, daß die Asche deponierfähig ist.Both in Example 1 and Example 2, an ash is obtained in which the pollutants are incorporated in such a way that the ash can be deposited.
Claims (10)
- Hard coal or brown coal briquette, characterised in that for 100 parts by weight of fine-grain, dry coal base, it also contains:
in total 3 to 12 parts by weight of(a) special lime T, containing calcium carbonate and hexagonal carbon, and(b) residual products from the sugar industry selected from(i) syrup-like molasses,(ii) solid substance from the purification of beet, and(iii) carbon slurry from the manufacture of sugar. - Briquette according to claim 1, characterised in that 4 to 8 parts by weight of components (a) and (b) are present for 100 parts by weight of the fine-grain, dry coal base.
- Briquette according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratio of component (a) to component (b) is 30:70 to 70:30 (based on the weight).
- Briquette according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that components (i), (ii) and (iii) are present in a weight ratio of approximately 4:4:92.
- Briquette according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the dry coal base has a particle size between 0.1 and 8 mm.
- Process for producing briquettes according to claim 1, characterised in that for every 100 parts by weight of dry, particulate coal composition, 3 to 12 parts by weight of additives, namely(a) special lime T, containing calcium carbonate and hexagonal carbon, and(b) residual products from the sugar industry selected fromare added.(i) syrup-like molasses,(ii) solid substance from the purification of beet, and(iii) carbon slurry from the manufacture of sugar,
- Process according to claim 6, characterised in that 4 to 8 parts by weight of additives (a) and (b) are added for 100 parts by weight of the dry particulate coal composition.
- Process according to claim 6, characterised in that the ratio of component (a) to component (b) is 30:70 to 70:30 (based on the weight).
- Process according to claims 6, 7 or 8, characterised in that the components (i), (ii) and (iii) are present in a weight ratio of approximately 4:4:92.
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a fine-grain, aqueous suspended coal is used as coal base.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19880120818 EP0373236B1 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Non-polluting coal briquet and process for manufacturing the same |
| DE88120818T DE3884807D1 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Environmentally friendly coal briquettes and processes for their production. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19880120818 EP0373236B1 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Non-polluting coal briquet and process for manufacturing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0373236A1 EP0373236A1 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
| EP0373236B1 true EP0373236B1 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
Family
ID=8199652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19880120818 Expired - Lifetime EP0373236B1 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Non-polluting coal briquet and process for manufacturing the same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0373236B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3884807D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE115619T1 (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1994-12-15 | Emmerichs Gerhard | REFUSE BRIQUETTES AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE. |
| CN103289771A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-11 | 冯恩福 | Preparation method of green polymerization fuel |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330843C1 (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-03-21 | Gerhard Dipl-Ing Emmerichs | Process for reducing the emissions of pollutants in the operation of incinerator plants |
| DE3530276A1 (en) * | 1985-08-24 | 1987-02-26 | Hoelter Heinz | Environment-friendly fuel |
-
1988
- 1988-12-13 EP EP19880120818 patent/EP0373236B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-13 DE DE88120818T patent/DE3884807D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3884807D1 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
| EP0373236A1 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
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