GB1594001A - Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms - Google Patents

Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1594001A
GB1594001A GB11060/77A GB1106077A GB1594001A GB 1594001 A GB1594001 A GB 1594001A GB 11060/77 A GB11060/77 A GB 11060/77A GB 1106077 A GB1106077 A GB 1106077A GB 1594001 A GB1594001 A GB 1594001A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
pellet
pellet according
reagent
test reagent
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB11060/77A
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Beecham Group PLC
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Beecham Group PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beecham Group PLC filed Critical Beecham Group PLC
Priority to GB11060/77A priority Critical patent/GB1594001A/en
Priority to DE19782810056 priority patent/DE2810056A1/en
Priority to NZ186646A priority patent/NZ186646A/en
Priority to ZA00781368A priority patent/ZA781368B/en
Priority to BE185895A priority patent/BE864841A/en
Priority to SE7802928A priority patent/SE7802928L/en
Priority to FR7807268A priority patent/FR2384022A1/en
Priority to CA298,936A priority patent/CA1126138A/en
Priority to IE529/78A priority patent/IE46580B1/en
Priority to DK117678A priority patent/DK152296C/en
Priority to NL7802799A priority patent/NL7802799A/en
Priority to CH287678A priority patent/CH636643A5/en
Priority to AU34215/78A priority patent/AU523959B2/en
Priority to JP3048378A priority patent/JPS5435279A/en
Publication of GB1594001A publication Critical patent/GB1594001A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/429—Thiazoles condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/43—Compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula, e.g. penicillins, penems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
    • A61K31/542—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/545—Compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins, cefaclor, or cephalexine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/18—Testing for antimicrobial activity of a material

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Tablet for the investigation of microorganisms, characterised in that it contains a microporous solid, non-friable solution of a test reagent, such as an antibacterial agent, e.g. antibiotic, and an organic excipient.

Description

(54) PELLETS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE TESTING OF MICROORGANISMS (71) We, BEECHAM GROUP LIMITED, a British Company of Beecham House, Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex, England do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to test materials. More specifically this invention relates to pellets containing test reagents.
It is well known that the sensitivity of micro-organisms such as bacteria to antibiotics can be determined conveniently on a micro-scale. In one conventional method, a serial dilution of the antibiotic is prepared and incorporated into suitable media, such a broth or agar, and each dilution strength inoculated in the usual manner with the bacteria. By observing the minimum antibiotic concentration at which bacterial growth is absent, the M.I.C. of the antibiotic can be obtained. In a second conventional method, paper discs impregnated with the antibiotic are placed on agar plates inoculated with the bacteria and the growth observed. A zone around each disc is obtained (provided the antibiotic concentration in the disc is sufficient) in which the difused antibiotic concentration in the disc is sufficient) in which the difused antibiotic concentration has been high enough to prevent growth. From the dimensions of the zones and the antibiotic concentration in the discs, the M.I.C. of the antibiotic against that bacteria can be calculated.
Also, it is known to test an unknown micro-organism for its identity using materials giving a positive reaction in the presence of a given micro-organism.
We have now discovered that pellets may be prepared containing test reagents. These pellets are convenient easily handled sources of accurate micro-dosage quantities of the test reagents, and may be used, for example, as such in conventional microorganism testing of the kind hereinbefore described.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a pellet suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms, which pellet comprises a non-friable microporous solid solution of a test reagent and an organic carrier.
Now that the pellets of the invention and their desirable properties have been discovered, it is a routine matter for a skilled man to determine suitable organic carriers for use therein.
For example, the freeze drying process hereinafter described may simply be repeated with a chosen reagent and carrier and the resultant pellet examined for non-friability and microporosity.
More specifically we have found that any organic carrier is suitable that can be freeze dried to give a non-friable microporous matrix. This matrix is preferably hydrophilic and non-hygroscopic, and is of course bacteriologically inert and compatible with the reagent.
The pellet formed therefrom will suitably be sufficiently rigid to prevent ready deformation thereof by handling.
Conveniently the carrier will be water soluble, thereby enabling ready release of reagent from the pellet on contact with aqueous media.
Examples of suitable organic carriers include certain organic synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate copolymers; certain organic semi-synthetic polymers such as methyl and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other cellulose polymers; certain saccharides such as sucrose and lactose; and mannitol.
Particularly suitable organic polymers include polyvinyl pyrrolidone (such as the material available from BASF under the trade name Kollidon (25)), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone/ polyvinyl acetate copolymers (such as the material available from BASF under the trade name Kollidon VA64).
The test reagent may be a material capable of giving a positive identification of a particular microorganism, or class of microorganism, such as the cytochrome oxidase reagent.
The test reagent may also be an anti-bacterial agent. Examples of suitable anti-bacterial agents include p-lactam antibiotics such as benzylpenicillin, phenoxy-methylpenicillin carbenicillin, methicillin, propicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, epicillin, ticarcillin, cyclacillin, cephatriazine. cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefoxitin, cephacetrile, cephamandole, cephapirin, cephradine, cephaloglycine, and other well known penicillins and cephalosporins or pro-drugs therefor such as hetacillin, metampicillin, the acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl or phthalidyl esters of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin or cephaloglycine, or the phenyl, tolyl or indanyl a-esters of carbenicillin or ticarcillin or the like; and salts thereof when appropriate; aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamycin; macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin; pseudomonic acid and its salts and esters; the antibiotic known as MM4550 and salts thereof; the antibiotic known as Mum 13902 and salts thereof; the antibiotic known as MM17880 and salts thereof; thienomycin; and clavulanic acid, its salts, esters and ethers.
Pseudomonic acid has the structure (I):
It is fully described in UK Patent No. 1395907, MM4550 has the structure (II):
MM13902 has the structure (III):
MMl7880 has the structure (IV):
The preparation and properties of MM4550, Mum 13902 and MM17880 and their salts are fully described in UK Patent Nos. 1467413, 1489235 and 1483142.
Clavulanic acid has the structure (V):
The preparation and properties of clavulanic acid, its salts and esters are fully described in Belgian Patent No. 827926 and Offenlegungsschrift No. 2517316. The preparation and properties of the ethers (for example the methyl and ethyl ethers) of clavulanic acid are fully described in Offenlegungsschrift No. 2646004.
The disclosure of these Patents and Offenlegungsschifts is hereby incorporated by reference.
MM4550, MM13902, MM17880 and their salts, and clavulanic acid, its salts, esters and ethers are synergists for ss-lactam antibiotics. Thus the test reagent in the pellet will often be a ss-lactam antibiotic and one of the aforesaid synergists. Conveniently the weight ratio range of p-lactam antibiotic to synergist will be about 10:1 to 1:10.
Particularly useful synergists for this use are salts of clavulanic acid, such as the lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium and like salts conventionally formed with penicillins and cephalosporins, particularly the sodium and potassium salts; and ethers of clavulanic acid such as the methyl and ethyl ethers.
Particularly suitable ss-lactam antibiotics for use with clavulanic acid derivatives include a penicillin or a cephalosporin having a side chain (joined at the 6- or 7- position respectively) of formula (VI):
wherein R is phenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl or cyclohexadienyl, or a salt thereof. Suitable penicillins of this type include ampicillin and amoxycillin, and salts thereof such as the sodium and potassium salts. Suitable clavulanic acid derivatives include those clavulanic acid salts listed hereinbefore.
In these formulations the ratio of antibiotic to clavulanic acid or derivative thereof will normally be in the range 10:1 to 1:10 (w/w), for example 5:1 to 1:1.
The proportions of the reagent to the carrier in the pellet may be varied as desired, provided of course there remains sufficient carrier to form the matrix. For example suitable pellets may contain 0.1 to 25 per cent by weight reagent, more suitably 0.1 to 10% reagent.
The shape of the pellet is unimportant provided it is destined to be dissolved in a solvent (for example in aqueous media to provide a solution of standard reagent concentration, as in M.I.C. testing by serial dilution). In such cases the pellets can be spheroid, hemi-spheroid, frustro-conical, discoid, or any other convenient shape. However when the pellets are to be used in place of paper sensitivity discs in agar plate sensitivity testing, then it is essential that they have at least one flat circular surface for contacting the agar to allow controlled diffusion or reagent therefrom. With this in mind, pellets for this use are suitable of the same general size and shape as the known paper sensitivity discs.
By way of illustration, the pellets will suitably have a largest diameter of about 2 to 10 mm, for example, about 6 mm. Again by way of illustration only, the pellets may suitably weigh 0.001 to 0.1 g, more suitable 0.005 to 0.05 g.
The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the pellets as hereinbefore defined, which process comprises freeze drying a solution of the reagent and the carrier.
Suitably portions of the solution are filled into moulds or dropped onto a suitable flat surface, or the like, and the freeze drying step then carried out.
Depending on the solubilities of the reagent and carrier, the necessary solution may be prepared in aqueous, organic or mixed solvents. The reagent and the carrier will be dissolved in the solvent in the relative proportions desired in the pellets to be prepared from that solution. Examples of suitable solvents include inert volatile solvents such as those solvents suitable for use in freeze drying, for example water, t-butanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl sulphoxide and the like. Where possible water will be used as the solvent.
Suitably the solution to be freeze dried will contain about 3 to 25% carrier.
It has been found that applying the freeze drying technique to conventional paper discs wetted with reagent solution has a number of disadvantages, for example poor or incomplete contact with the heat-transfer medium and formidable handling problems both before and after the drying stage. These disadvantages are overcome when the freeze drying technique is used in the process of this invention.
The pellets of this invention should be stored in the presence of a desiccant.
The pellets of the invention may be used to provide a known micro-dosage quantity of a reagent for use in the testing of micro-organisms. For example (i) When the reagent is an indicator for a particular micro-organism, then the pellets can be used to establish the identity of an unknown micro-organism, thereby enabling an effective drug therapy to be designed there against.
(ii) When the reagent is an anti-bacterial agent, the sensitivity of a particular micro-organism to that anti-bacterial agent can be established by conventional M.I.C. or agar plate zone inhibition methods.
The pellets may also be used to provide accurate micro-dosage quantities of the test reagent for purposes other than micro-organism sensitivity testing, for example for chemical tests on the reagent itself.
The pellets have the additional advantages that: (i) They improve the solubility of sparing soluble or insoluble reagents.
(ii) When prepared by freeze drying, they have good stability with reagents unstable in solution or during drying procedures at normal temperatures.
(iii) The use of water soluble carriers therein results in the reagent being completely available to aqueous media.
(iv) They have good reproducibility.
(v) They can be made sterile if so desired.
(vi) They are easily handled, for example with tweezers.
The following Examples illustrate the invention.
Example 1 Pellets consisting of sodium amoxycillin and lithium clavulanate in solid solution with Kollidon (25) 110 mg of sodium amoxycillin was dissolved in 25 ml water. 64 mg of lithium clavulanate was dissolved in a separate 20 ml of water. 3 ml of the amoxycillin solution and 2 ml of the clavulanic acid solution were added to a solution of 2 g of Kollidon (25) in 10 ml water. The solution was then brought to 20 ml with water. 50 mg drops of the solution were placed on a stainless steel tray at room temperature and then frozen at -400C for one hour. A vacuum was then applied and the samples freeze-dried over 24 hours, with a final drying temperature of 40"C, to give pellets.
These pellets are hard, non-friable microporous discs.
Example 2 Pellets consisting of disodium ticarcillin and lithium clavulanate 100 mg of disodium ticarcillin was dissolved in 50 ml water. 33 mg of lithium clavulanate was dissolved in a separate 100 ml of water. 5 ml of the ticarcillin solution and 5 ml of the clavulanic acid solution were added to a solution of 3 g Kollidon VA64 in 10 ml of water. 75 mg drops of the combined solution were placed on a stainless steel tray at room temperature and then frozen at --40"C for 1 hour. A vacuum was then applied and the samples freeze dried over 24 hours, with a final drying temperature of 40"C, to give pellets.
These pellets were hard, non-friable microporous discs.
The pellets shown in the Table were prepared in similar manner as indicated. They were of a generally discoidal shape, and were all non-friable and microporous.
Example Reagent + g Conc. of Carrier, and Method Drop Final No. reagent/disc original conc. of of weight carrier reagent carrier Prep. conc. in solution (A) solution (B) freeze dried solution 3 Gentamycin 20 mg free acid Kollidon VA64 2 ml(A) 76 mg 15% 250 g in 3 ml H2O 30% w/v +2 ml(B) 4 Erythromycin " " " " " 250 g 5 Pseudomonic 38 mg in " 5 ml(A) " " Acod 5 ml H2O " +5 ml(B) 250 g 6 Cytochrome 52 mg in " " " " Oxidase 20 ml H2O Reagent 100 g 7 Lithium clav. 28 mg in " " " " 20 g 50 ml H2O 8 Lithium clav. 32.3 mg in SCMC " 130 mg 4% 20 g 100 ml H2O 8% w/v 9 Lithium clav. " Sucrose " " 15% 20 g 30% w/v 10 Sodium Flu- 85.4 mg in SCMC " " 4% cloaxacilin 100 ml water 8% w/v 50 g 11 Ampicilin 36 mg in " " " " 20 g 100 ml H2O 12 Ampicilin " Sucrose " " 15% 20 g 30% w/v Notes S.C.M.C. is sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Kollidon VA64 is a water soluble copolymer of 60% vinyl pyrrolidone, 40% vinyl acetate.
The pellets of Examples 3 to 12 were also made in blister pack tops and in a metal former, yielding pellets of a generally frustro-conical and discoidal shape respectively.
The S.C.M.C. discs were deformable but not friable.

Claims (22)

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A pellet suitable for use in the testing of micro-organisms, which pellet comprises a non-friable microporous solid solution of a test reagent and an organic carrier.
2. A pellet according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is a material that can be freeze dried to give a non-friable microporous matrix.
3. A pellet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carrier is water soluble.
4. A pellet according to claim 3, wherein the carrier is polyvinyl pyrrolidone or a polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate copolymer.
5. A pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the test reagent is an anti-bacterial agent.
6. A pellet according to claim 5, wherein the test reagent is a p-lactam antibiotic.
7. A pellet according to claim 5, wherein the test reagent is a p-lactam antibiotic and a synergist therefor.
8. A pellet according to claim 7, wherein the test reagent is a penicillin or a cephalosporin having a side chain (joined at the 6- or 7- position respectively) of formula (VI)
wherein R is phenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl or cyclohexadienyl, or a salt thereof; and clavulanic acid, a salt, ester or ether thereof.
9. A pellet according to claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of penicillin or cephalosporin to clavulanic acid or derivative thereof is 5:1 to 1:1.
10. A pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, wherein the reagent represents 0.1 to 25 per cent by weight of the pellet.
11. A pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the pellet weight 0.001 to 0.1 g.
12. A pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, which has a largest diameter of about 2 to 10 mm.
13. A pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, having a discoidal shape.
14. A pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 13, containing a specific micro-dosage of the test reagent.
15. A process for the preparation of the pellet according to claim 1, which process comprises freeze drying a solution of the reagent and the carrier.
16. A process according to claim 15, wherein the solution is filled into moulds, or dropped onto a flat surface, and then freeze dried.
17. A process according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the solvent used to form the solution is water.
18. A process according to claim 15, 16 or 17, wherein the solution freeze dried has a carrier concentration of 3 to 25% (w/v).
19. A pellet according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples 1 to 12.
20. A process for preparing a pellet according to claim 15, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples 1 to 12.
21. A pellet according to claim 1, whenever prepared by a process according to any one of the claims 15 to 18, and 20.
22. A method of testing the sensitivity of a microorganism to a test reagent, which method comprises contacting the microorganism with the test reagent when derived from a pellet according to any one of the claims 1 to 14, 19 and 21.
GB11060/77A 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms Expired GB1594001A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB11060/77A GB1594001A (en) 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms
DE19782810056 DE2810056A1 (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-08 TABLETS CONTAINING TEST REAGENTS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND THEIR USE
NZ186646A NZ186646A (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-08 Microorganism test pellets
ZA00781368A ZA781368B (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-08 Test materials
BE185895A BE864841A (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-13 PELLET USE FOR TESTING MICRO-ORGANISMS
SE7802928A SE7802928L (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-14 TEST MATERIAL
FR7807268A FR2384022A1 (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-14 PELLET USE FOR TESTING MICRO-ORGANISMS
CA298,936A CA1126138A (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-15 Microporous pellets for microorganism testing
IE529/78A IE46580B1 (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-15 Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms
DK117678A DK152296C (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-15 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A PILL THAT CAN BE USED IN TESTING MICRO-ORGANISMS
NL7802799A NL7802799A (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-15 PILL CONTAINING A TEST REAGENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A PILL.
CH287678A CH636643A5 (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-16 Tablet containing test reagents, process for its preparation, and its use
AU34215/78A AU523959B2 (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-16 Test materials
JP3048378A JPS5435279A (en) 1977-03-16 1978-03-16 Pellet for testing microorganism * production thereof and test method of microorganism sensitity

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB11060/77A GB1594001A (en) 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms

Publications (1)

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GB1594001A true GB1594001A (en) 1981-07-30

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GB11060/77A Expired GB1594001A (en) 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Pellets suitable for use in the testing of microorganisms

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JP (1) JPS5435279A (en)
AU (1) AU523959B2 (en)
BE (1) BE864841A (en)
CA (1) CA1126138A (en)
CH (1) CH636643A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2810056A1 (en)
DK (1) DK152296C (en)
FR (1) FR2384022A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1594001A (en)
IE (1) IE46580B1 (en)
NL (1) NL7802799A (en)
NZ (1) NZ186646A (en)
SE (1) SE7802928L (en)
ZA (1) ZA781368B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5350680A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-09-27 Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd. Cephalosporinase testing agent

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0008905B1 (en) * 1978-09-06 1983-02-16 Beecham Group Plc Pharmaceutical compositions containing two beta-lactam derivatives
DE2965732D1 (en) * 1978-12-08 1983-07-28 Beecham Group Plc Pharmaceutical composition comprising a water soluble salt of amoxycillin and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a vial containing a unit dose of said composition
CA2086507A1 (en) * 1991-05-06 1992-11-07 Judith Johnston Rapid inducible beta-lactamase screen test
US5350679A (en) * 1993-06-14 1994-09-27 Dow Corning Corporation Repeat insult microbial test method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3138544A (en) * 1961-05-03 1964-06-23 British Drug Houses Canada Ltd Microbial sensitivity testing device
GB1057000A (en) * 1964-12-10 1967-02-01 Deputy Minister Of The Ministe Method of making tablets for testing the sensitivity of bacteria to an antibiotic
GB1275706A (en) * 1970-07-07 1972-05-24 Inst Pentru Controlul De Stat Microtablets for determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics
US3932943A (en) * 1970-08-14 1976-01-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of preparation of lyophilized biological products
US3928566A (en) * 1970-08-14 1975-12-23 Du Pont Lyophilized biological products
IE41109B1 (en) * 1974-04-20 1979-10-24 Beecham Group Ltd Novel -lactam antibiotic from streptomyces clavuligerus
AU1087176A (en) * 1975-03-03 1977-08-11 Miles Lab Water soluble microbial composition
US4153512A (en) * 1976-04-07 1979-05-08 Fisher Scientific Company Storage stable antibiotic susceptibility test kit and method of testing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5350680A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-09-27 Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd. Cephalosporinase testing agent

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Publication number Publication date
NL7802799A (en) 1978-09-19
DE2810056A1 (en) 1978-09-28
CA1126138A (en) 1982-06-22
DK152296B (en) 1988-02-15
ZA781368B (en) 1979-02-28
SE7802928L (en) 1978-09-17
BE864841A (en) 1978-09-13
JPS5435279A (en) 1979-03-15
CH636643A5 (en) 1983-06-15
AU3421578A (en) 1979-09-20
IE780529L (en) 1978-09-16
FR2384022B1 (en) 1980-08-29
DK152296C (en) 1988-07-11
NZ186646A (en) 1981-03-16
FR2384022A1 (en) 1978-10-13
IE46580B1 (en) 1983-07-27
DE2810056C2 (en) 1987-09-03
DK117678A (en) 1978-09-17
AU523959B2 (en) 1982-08-26

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Effective date: 19980308