CA1210308A - Test materials - Google Patents
Test materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1210308A CA1210308A CA000438451A CA438451A CA1210308A CA 1210308 A CA1210308 A CA 1210308A CA 000438451 A CA000438451 A CA 000438451A CA 438451 A CA438451 A CA 438451A CA 1210308 A CA1210308 A CA 1210308A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- antibiotic
- lactam
- test material
- beta
- lactam antibiotic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A .beta.-lactam-antibiotic susceptibility test material comprising an absorbent material on which a solid solution of .beta.-lactam antibiotic in an organic carrier is uniformly deposited.
A .beta.-lactam-antibiotic susceptibility test material comprising an absorbent material on which a solid solution of .beta.-lactam antibiotic in an organic carrier is uniformly deposited.
Description
~2 , , , F~JsiBl33l ,~
~, ~
g L O
~ 1 i q 1~ The present invention relates to antibiotic '6 susceptibility test materials and to processes for 17 their preparation.
i ~
9 Antibiotic sensitivity testing of micro-organisms, ~0 especially of bacteria, is a routine procedure in 1 clinical laboratories. One convenient form of testing
~, ~
g L O
~ 1 i q 1~ The present invention relates to antibiotic '6 susceptibility test materials and to processes for 17 their preparation.
i ~
9 Antibiotic sensitivity testing of micro-organisms, ~0 especially of bacteria, is a routine procedure in 1 clinical laboratories. One convenient form of testing
-2 is the paper disc sensitiviy test in which a small ~3 paper disc impregnated with antibiotic is placed on ~4 the surface of agar in a petri dish, which agar has ~5 been inoculated with the bacteria to be tested. The ~6 petri dish is then incubated to allow bacterial growth ~7 to take place, during which incubation the antibiotic ~8 diffuses from the paper in the agar and sets up a ~'9 concentration gradient. Provided the amount of ~0 antibiotic on the disc is suitable the concentration ~1 gradient will be such that at some point from the disc the antibiotic concentration in the agar will ~3 correspond to the sensitivity of the bacteria under test, giving a zone of inhibition around the disc. The ~5 size o this zone of inhi~ition can be used as an index ~6 of the sensitiviy o the bacteria under test to the 37 antibiotic used. These known paper discs are normally 38 prepared by wetting the disc with an aqueous solution 39 of the antibiotic and allowing the disc to dry.
~0 ., ~"r~"
~ ` ~
~0 ., ~"r~"
~ ` ~
3~
02 U~Ko Patent No. 1500994 discloses that sensitivity 03 discs may be prepared by contacting p~per discs with a 04 suspension of a crystalline ~-lactam antibiotic in a 05 non-solvent therefor and then evaporating the 06 non-solvent.
08 It has been found that the s~sceptibility discs 09 prepared by the process of U.K. Patent No. 1500994 lose activity on handling owing to material abrading from 11 the surface of the disc.
13 A process has now been discovered by which 14 sensitivity discs having both useful mechanical and chemical stability may be prepared.
17 Accordingly the present invention provides a 18 ~-lactam-antibiotic susceptibility test material 19 comprising an absorbent material on which a solid solution of ~-lactam antibiotic in an organic carrier is ~1 uniformly deposited.
~2 ~3 The preferred absorbent material is an absorbent ~4 paper. In general paper suitable for use in the ~5 preparation of conventional paper sensitiviy discs is ~6 suitable for use according to the present invention.
~7 The paper may be cut, or otherwise formed into discs of ~8 generally similar shape and size to known sensitivity ~ discs~ For example a suitable size is about 6 mm 3n diameter. Convenien~ly commercially available 31 ~ pre-formed discs may be used, for example Whatmann AA
~2 discs (available form W. and R. Balston Limited, Spring-3~ field Mill, Maidstone, Kent)or S&S 740-E (available from 3~ Schleicher and Schuell, Keene, New Hampshirej.
3~ Suitable ~lactam antibiotics for ~se in the test 36 materials of the present invention are those having the 37 partical structure (I):
~ TrQJc ~ k 01 ~" ~ 3 ~ ~21~8 ~2 ~4 _ ~5 ~J6 ~ _ 07 (I) ~8 !~9 More suitably the ~-lactam antibiotic is a 11 bicyclic compound s~ch as, for example a penicillin, i2 penicillin derivativet cephalosporinr cephalosporin 13 derivative, carbapenem, or clavulanic acid or a '4 derivative thereof.
.~.5 :'.6 The ~-lactam antibiotic may be present alone or in .l7 combination with other antibiotlcs and/or a ~-lactamase .18 inhibitor.
.19 :~0 Suitable penicillins for incl~sion in the test ~1 . materials of this invention include benzylpenicillin, ~2 phenoxymethylpenicillin, carbenicillin, azidocillin, ~3 propicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, epicilllin, 24 ticarcillin, cyclacillin, pirbenicillin, azlocillin, ~5 mezlocillin, sulbenicillin, pipericillin, and other ~6 well known penicillins includiny pro-drugs thereof such 27 as their in vivo hydrolysble esters s~ch as the 28 acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, ~-ethoxycarbonyloxy-~9 ethyl or phthalidyl esters of amp.icillin, benzyl-~n penicillin or amoxycillin, and aldehyde or ketone ~1 adducts of penicillins containing a 6~-aminoacetamide 32 side chain (such as hetacillin, metampicillin and ~3 analogous derivat.ives of amoxycillin) or ~-esters of ~4 carbenicillin or ticarcillin such as their phenyl or indanyl ~-esters.
37 Suitable cephalosporins for inclusio~ in the test 38 materials of this i~vention include, for example, 39 cefat~-izine, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefa~olin, cephalexin, cephacetrile, ~eph~pirin, cephaman~ole 41 nafate, cephradine, 4-hydroxycephalexin, cefaparole, .
Z~3~
:2 cephaloglycin, cefoperazonel and other well known 03 cephaloa~orins or pro-dr~gs thereof.
~4 ~)5 Such compo~nds are frequently used in ~he form of ')6 a salt of hydrate or the like~
~)7 0~ In a preferred embodiment of the present invention ~9 the ~-lactam antibiotic is a penicillin or cephalosporin as hereinbefore described in combination 11 with a compound of formula III) or a pharmaceutically '.~ acceptable salt or ester thereof:
:!3 . ~
`IS H
- 0~ ,CH2R
I3 1 ~H
9 ~ ~ _ ~
2 o o d ` Co2H
22 (II) ~5 wherein Rl is hydroxyl, substituted hydroxyl, thiol, 26 suhstituted thiol, amino, mono or di-hydrocarbyl amino, 77 or mono or di-acylamino.
~8 29 In these formulations the ratio of ~-lactam ~0 antibiotic to clavulanic acid derivative will normally ~1 be in the range 10:1 to 1:10 (w/w), for example 5:1 to ~3 34 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the ~-lactam antibiotic is a 36 penicillin or cephalosporin having a side chain (joined 37 at the 6- or 7- position respectively) of formula 38 (III):
~1 5 _ ~2~30~
~5 R2-CH-CO- (III) Gg wherein R2 is phenyll ~-hydroxyphenyl or 1I cydohexadienyl, or a salt thereof in combination with 1~ clavulanic acid or a salt thereof. Suitable salts 11 include the alkali metal salts such as, for example the i~l lithium, sodium, or potassium salts.
~6 Suitable penicillins having a side chain of :.7 formula (III) include amoxycillin and ampicillin, and 18 salts thereof such as the sodium and potassium salts.
: 9 ~0 Suitable organic carriers for use in the p~esent Jl invention will be bacteriologically inert and ~2 compatible with the ~-lactam antibiotic and abs~L-bent ~3 material. The organic carrier is suitable hydrophilic and non-hygroscopic.
~5 ~6 Conveniently the carrier will be water soluble, ~7 thereby enabling ready release of ~-lactam antibiotic ~rom the absorbent material on contact with test medium such as, for example, agar.
~n 3.l Examples of suitable organic carriers include ~2 certain organic synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl 33 pyrrolidone and polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate 34 copolymers; certain organic semi-synthetic polymers such as methyl and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and 36 sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other cell~lose 37 polymers; certain saccharides such as sucrose and 38 lactose; and mannitol.
~Z IL~8 02 Particularly suitable organic polymers include 03 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (such as the material available 04 ~ from BASF under the trade ~ ~ollidon (25)~ and C5 polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate copolymers 06 (such as the material available from BASF under the 07 trade name Kollidon VA64~.
09 The ratio of ~-lactam antibiotic to organic carrier may be varied as desired provided there remains 11 sufficient carrier to form the solid solution. For 1~ example, a suitable solid solution may contain 0.1 to 25 l3 by weight ~-lactam antibiotic, more suitable 0.1 to 10%
14 ~-lactam antibiotic.
16 The invention also provides a process for the ~7 preparation of the ~-lactam antibiotic susceptibility 18 test material which process comprises contacting an 19 absorbent material and a solution of ~-lactam ~0 antibioticand an organic carrier.
~1 ~2 The absorbent material is contacted with the 23 solution in conventional manner. For example drops of ~4 the solution may be placed on individual discs of absorbent material or on a larger scale, sheets of 26 absorbent material may be dipped into the solution.
~7 The absorbent material is then dried under mild ~8 conditions and if necessary the absorbent material is ~9 then cut or otherwise formed into discs.
~n 31 Depending on the solubilities of the reagent and 32 carrier, the necessary solution may be pLepared in 33 aqueous, organic or mixed solvents. The reagent and 34 the carrier will be dissolved in the solvent in the relative proporti~ns desired in the test materials to 36 be prepared form that solution. Examples of suitable 37 solvents include inert volatile solvents such as, for 3~ example, Cl_4alkanols such as methanol and e~hanol r - ~2~03~8 01 _ 7 _ 02 acetonitrile, dicnloromethane, chloroform and the 03 like. Where possible methanol will be used as the 04 solvent.
06 The solution will suitably contain 0~25 to 10%
07 organic carrier.
09 The solutions used in the process of this invention must contain the concentration of ~-lactam 11 antibiotic required to give the desired amount of 12 ~-lactam antibiotic per unit area of absorbent 13 material. The solutions are suitably prepared by 14 dissolving the correct amount of ~-lactam antibiotic in the chosen solvent. In the cases where a mixture of 16 ~-lactam antibiotics is used or where a ~-lactamase 17 inhibitor is present the solutions are suitably 18 prepared by dissolving the correct amount of each 19 ~ ingredient in the chosen solvent, or by mixing together separate solutions of the correct concentrations of 21 each of the ingredients in the solvent. The organic 22 carrier may be dissolved in the solvent before or after 23 dissolving ~he ~-lactam antibiotic or the organic 24 carrier may be dissolved in a separate portion of solvent and then mixed with the ~-lactam antibiotic 26 ~ solutionO
28 Afte~ the a~sorbent material has been contacted 29 with the solution the material is dried under mild conditions, for example by placing the material in a 31 desiccator, a free~e drying apparatus or in a flow of 32 air or inert gas. The choice of drying technique will 33 depend upun the physico-chemical properties of the 34 ~ sol-~ent system selected.
36 The test materials of this invention sh~uld 37 suitably be stored in a sea1ed container, more suitably 38 in the presence of a desiccant~
`
02 The test materials may be used ~o provide a known 03 micro-dosage quantity of !3-lactam antibiotic for use in 04 the testing of microorganisms using conventional 05 methods, such as, for example the paper disc ~6 sensitivity test as hereinbefore described.
08 The following examples illustrate the present C9 invention.
~ O
Each disk to contain: ~moxicillin, 20mg and Clavulanic Acid, lOmg.
Amoxicillin Trihydrate 647 mg Potassium Clavulanate 373 mg P.V.P. (Plasdone C~15 GAF~ 5 y Anhydrous Methanol 500 ml Dissolve the amoxicillin trihydrate in the methanol with continuous mixing. Add and dissolve the P.V.P. Add and dissolve the potassium clavulanate. Dip 4" x 4" sheets of S&S 740-E filter paper. When thoroughly wet, pass through free-floating rubber rollers to re-move the excess solution. Place on a small mesh wire screen and place in a forced air oven at 55C and dry for 30 minutes.
Remove from drier, punch out 6.35-mm disks and package with a desiccant.
.
Ticarcillin, Monosodium 2.62 g Potassium Clavulanate 583 mg PVP (Plasdone C-15 GAF) 5.0 g Anhydrous Methanol 500 ml Add and disolve in the methanol in the following ordex: PVP, ticarcillin, and potassium clavulanate. Mix well for 3-5 minutes and dip sheets of filter paper (S&S 740-E on equivalent) into the solution. Pass the moistened sheets through free-floating rubber rollers to remove excess solution. Place sheets on fine mesh screen wire and dry in forced air oven at 55C for 20 - 30 minutes.
Punch out 6.35-mm disks from the sheets and package in glass vials contai~ing desiccant and which have air-tight closu~es.
~- ~rah~ ~)Qf'k
02 U~Ko Patent No. 1500994 discloses that sensitivity 03 discs may be prepared by contacting p~per discs with a 04 suspension of a crystalline ~-lactam antibiotic in a 05 non-solvent therefor and then evaporating the 06 non-solvent.
08 It has been found that the s~sceptibility discs 09 prepared by the process of U.K. Patent No. 1500994 lose activity on handling owing to material abrading from 11 the surface of the disc.
13 A process has now been discovered by which 14 sensitivity discs having both useful mechanical and chemical stability may be prepared.
17 Accordingly the present invention provides a 18 ~-lactam-antibiotic susceptibility test material 19 comprising an absorbent material on which a solid solution of ~-lactam antibiotic in an organic carrier is ~1 uniformly deposited.
~2 ~3 The preferred absorbent material is an absorbent ~4 paper. In general paper suitable for use in the ~5 preparation of conventional paper sensitiviy discs is ~6 suitable for use according to the present invention.
~7 The paper may be cut, or otherwise formed into discs of ~8 generally similar shape and size to known sensitivity ~ discs~ For example a suitable size is about 6 mm 3n diameter. Convenien~ly commercially available 31 ~ pre-formed discs may be used, for example Whatmann AA
~2 discs (available form W. and R. Balston Limited, Spring-3~ field Mill, Maidstone, Kent)or S&S 740-E (available from 3~ Schleicher and Schuell, Keene, New Hampshirej.
3~ Suitable ~lactam antibiotics for ~se in the test 36 materials of the present invention are those having the 37 partical structure (I):
~ TrQJc ~ k 01 ~" ~ 3 ~ ~21~8 ~2 ~4 _ ~5 ~J6 ~ _ 07 (I) ~8 !~9 More suitably the ~-lactam antibiotic is a 11 bicyclic compound s~ch as, for example a penicillin, i2 penicillin derivativet cephalosporinr cephalosporin 13 derivative, carbapenem, or clavulanic acid or a '4 derivative thereof.
.~.5 :'.6 The ~-lactam antibiotic may be present alone or in .l7 combination with other antibiotlcs and/or a ~-lactamase .18 inhibitor.
.19 :~0 Suitable penicillins for incl~sion in the test ~1 . materials of this invention include benzylpenicillin, ~2 phenoxymethylpenicillin, carbenicillin, azidocillin, ~3 propicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, epicilllin, 24 ticarcillin, cyclacillin, pirbenicillin, azlocillin, ~5 mezlocillin, sulbenicillin, pipericillin, and other ~6 well known penicillins includiny pro-drugs thereof such 27 as their in vivo hydrolysble esters s~ch as the 28 acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, ~-ethoxycarbonyloxy-~9 ethyl or phthalidyl esters of amp.icillin, benzyl-~n penicillin or amoxycillin, and aldehyde or ketone ~1 adducts of penicillins containing a 6~-aminoacetamide 32 side chain (such as hetacillin, metampicillin and ~3 analogous derivat.ives of amoxycillin) or ~-esters of ~4 carbenicillin or ticarcillin such as their phenyl or indanyl ~-esters.
37 Suitable cephalosporins for inclusio~ in the test 38 materials of this i~vention include, for example, 39 cefat~-izine, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefa~olin, cephalexin, cephacetrile, ~eph~pirin, cephaman~ole 41 nafate, cephradine, 4-hydroxycephalexin, cefaparole, .
Z~3~
:2 cephaloglycin, cefoperazonel and other well known 03 cephaloa~orins or pro-dr~gs thereof.
~4 ~)5 Such compo~nds are frequently used in ~he form of ')6 a salt of hydrate or the like~
~)7 0~ In a preferred embodiment of the present invention ~9 the ~-lactam antibiotic is a penicillin or cephalosporin as hereinbefore described in combination 11 with a compound of formula III) or a pharmaceutically '.~ acceptable salt or ester thereof:
:!3 . ~
`IS H
- 0~ ,CH2R
I3 1 ~H
9 ~ ~ _ ~
2 o o d ` Co2H
22 (II) ~5 wherein Rl is hydroxyl, substituted hydroxyl, thiol, 26 suhstituted thiol, amino, mono or di-hydrocarbyl amino, 77 or mono or di-acylamino.
~8 29 In these formulations the ratio of ~-lactam ~0 antibiotic to clavulanic acid derivative will normally ~1 be in the range 10:1 to 1:10 (w/w), for example 5:1 to ~3 34 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the ~-lactam antibiotic is a 36 penicillin or cephalosporin having a side chain (joined 37 at the 6- or 7- position respectively) of formula 38 (III):
~1 5 _ ~2~30~
~5 R2-CH-CO- (III) Gg wherein R2 is phenyll ~-hydroxyphenyl or 1I cydohexadienyl, or a salt thereof in combination with 1~ clavulanic acid or a salt thereof. Suitable salts 11 include the alkali metal salts such as, for example the i~l lithium, sodium, or potassium salts.
~6 Suitable penicillins having a side chain of :.7 formula (III) include amoxycillin and ampicillin, and 18 salts thereof such as the sodium and potassium salts.
: 9 ~0 Suitable organic carriers for use in the p~esent Jl invention will be bacteriologically inert and ~2 compatible with the ~-lactam antibiotic and abs~L-bent ~3 material. The organic carrier is suitable hydrophilic and non-hygroscopic.
~5 ~6 Conveniently the carrier will be water soluble, ~7 thereby enabling ready release of ~-lactam antibiotic ~rom the absorbent material on contact with test medium such as, for example, agar.
~n 3.l Examples of suitable organic carriers include ~2 certain organic synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl 33 pyrrolidone and polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate 34 copolymers; certain organic semi-synthetic polymers such as methyl and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and 36 sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other cell~lose 37 polymers; certain saccharides such as sucrose and 38 lactose; and mannitol.
~Z IL~8 02 Particularly suitable organic polymers include 03 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (such as the material available 04 ~ from BASF under the trade ~ ~ollidon (25)~ and C5 polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate copolymers 06 (such as the material available from BASF under the 07 trade name Kollidon VA64~.
09 The ratio of ~-lactam antibiotic to organic carrier may be varied as desired provided there remains 11 sufficient carrier to form the solid solution. For 1~ example, a suitable solid solution may contain 0.1 to 25 l3 by weight ~-lactam antibiotic, more suitable 0.1 to 10%
14 ~-lactam antibiotic.
16 The invention also provides a process for the ~7 preparation of the ~-lactam antibiotic susceptibility 18 test material which process comprises contacting an 19 absorbent material and a solution of ~-lactam ~0 antibioticand an organic carrier.
~1 ~2 The absorbent material is contacted with the 23 solution in conventional manner. For example drops of ~4 the solution may be placed on individual discs of absorbent material or on a larger scale, sheets of 26 absorbent material may be dipped into the solution.
~7 The absorbent material is then dried under mild ~8 conditions and if necessary the absorbent material is ~9 then cut or otherwise formed into discs.
~n 31 Depending on the solubilities of the reagent and 32 carrier, the necessary solution may be pLepared in 33 aqueous, organic or mixed solvents. The reagent and 34 the carrier will be dissolved in the solvent in the relative proporti~ns desired in the test materials to 36 be prepared form that solution. Examples of suitable 37 solvents include inert volatile solvents such as, for 3~ example, Cl_4alkanols such as methanol and e~hanol r - ~2~03~8 01 _ 7 _ 02 acetonitrile, dicnloromethane, chloroform and the 03 like. Where possible methanol will be used as the 04 solvent.
06 The solution will suitably contain 0~25 to 10%
07 organic carrier.
09 The solutions used in the process of this invention must contain the concentration of ~-lactam 11 antibiotic required to give the desired amount of 12 ~-lactam antibiotic per unit area of absorbent 13 material. The solutions are suitably prepared by 14 dissolving the correct amount of ~-lactam antibiotic in the chosen solvent. In the cases where a mixture of 16 ~-lactam antibiotics is used or where a ~-lactamase 17 inhibitor is present the solutions are suitably 18 prepared by dissolving the correct amount of each 19 ~ ingredient in the chosen solvent, or by mixing together separate solutions of the correct concentrations of 21 each of the ingredients in the solvent. The organic 22 carrier may be dissolved in the solvent before or after 23 dissolving ~he ~-lactam antibiotic or the organic 24 carrier may be dissolved in a separate portion of solvent and then mixed with the ~-lactam antibiotic 26 ~ solutionO
28 Afte~ the a~sorbent material has been contacted 29 with the solution the material is dried under mild conditions, for example by placing the material in a 31 desiccator, a free~e drying apparatus or in a flow of 32 air or inert gas. The choice of drying technique will 33 depend upun the physico-chemical properties of the 34 ~ sol-~ent system selected.
36 The test materials of this invention sh~uld 37 suitably be stored in a sea1ed container, more suitably 38 in the presence of a desiccant~
`
02 The test materials may be used ~o provide a known 03 micro-dosage quantity of !3-lactam antibiotic for use in 04 the testing of microorganisms using conventional 05 methods, such as, for example the paper disc ~6 sensitivity test as hereinbefore described.
08 The following examples illustrate the present C9 invention.
~ O
Each disk to contain: ~moxicillin, 20mg and Clavulanic Acid, lOmg.
Amoxicillin Trihydrate 647 mg Potassium Clavulanate 373 mg P.V.P. (Plasdone C~15 GAF~ 5 y Anhydrous Methanol 500 ml Dissolve the amoxicillin trihydrate in the methanol with continuous mixing. Add and dissolve the P.V.P. Add and dissolve the potassium clavulanate. Dip 4" x 4" sheets of S&S 740-E filter paper. When thoroughly wet, pass through free-floating rubber rollers to re-move the excess solution. Place on a small mesh wire screen and place in a forced air oven at 55C and dry for 30 minutes.
Remove from drier, punch out 6.35-mm disks and package with a desiccant.
.
Ticarcillin, Monosodium 2.62 g Potassium Clavulanate 583 mg PVP (Plasdone C-15 GAF) 5.0 g Anhydrous Methanol 500 ml Add and disolve in the methanol in the following ordex: PVP, ticarcillin, and potassium clavulanate. Mix well for 3-5 minutes and dip sheets of filter paper (S&S 740-E on equivalent) into the solution. Pass the moistened sheets through free-floating rubber rollers to remove excess solution. Place sheets on fine mesh screen wire and dry in forced air oven at 55C for 20 - 30 minutes.
Punch out 6.35-mm disks from the sheets and package in glass vials contai~ing desiccant and which have air-tight closu~es.
~- ~rah~ ~)Qf'k
Claims (7)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A .beta.-lactam-antibiotic susceptibility test material comprising an absorbent material on which a solid solution of .beta.-lactam antibiotic in an organic carrier is uniformly deposited.
2. A test material according to claim 1 wherein the absorbent material is an absorbent paper.
3. A test material according to claim 1 wherein the .beta.-lactam antibiotic is a bicyclic compound.
4. A test material according to claim 1 wherein the .beta.-lactam antibiotic is a penicillin, penicillin derivative, cephalosporin, cephalosporin derivative, carbapenem, or clavulanic acid or a derivative thereof.
5. A test material according to claim 1 wherein the .beta.-lactam antibiotic is ticarcillin.
6. A test material according to claim 1 wherein the organic carrier is an organic synthetic polymer.
7. A test material according to claim 6 wherein the organic carrier is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or a polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate copolymer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8228751 | 1982-10-07 | ||
| GB8228751 | 1982-10-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1210308A true CA1210308A (en) | 1986-08-26 |
Family
ID=10533465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000438451A Expired CA1210308A (en) | 1982-10-07 | 1983-10-05 | Test materials |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU1990183A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1210308A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-10-05 CA CA000438451A patent/CA1210308A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-05 AU AU19901/83A patent/AU1990183A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1990183A (en) | 1984-04-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1136549A (en) | Combination of thienamycin-type antibiotics with dipeptidase inhibitors | |
| CA1217426A (en) | Combination of 2-substituted penems with dipeptidase inhibitors | |
| SE8105829L (en) | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CLAVULANIC ACID OR A SALT THEREOF | |
| US4650795A (en) | Amine salts of clavulanic acid as antibacterial agents | |
| IE43840L (en) | Clavulanic acid derivatives | |
| GB2128737A (en) | Antiobiotic susceptibility test material | |
| CA1210308A (en) | Test materials | |
| PL125506B1 (en) | Process for preparing novel inhibitors of dipeptidase | |
| US4668504A (en) | Use of substituted propenoates to prevent nephrotoxicity of certain antibiotics | |
| US4616038A (en) | Combination of thienamycin-type antibiotics with dipeptidase inhibitors | |
| CA1126138A (en) | Microporous pellets for microorganism testing | |
| IE861048L (en) | 3-propenylcephalosporin derivatives | |
| SE9703056D0 (en) | Clavulanic acid salts, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them | |
| IE812757L (en) | Phenoxypropionic acid derivatives. | |
| US4714675A (en) | Stabilized sensitivity test disk | |
| JPS5746988A (en) | Novel penicillin derivative and its preparation | |
| US4739113A (en) | Bis(cyclopropanecarboxamido)alkadienedioic acids as renal dipeptidase inhibitors | |
| EP0002312B1 (en) | Derivatives of clavulanic acid and pharmaceutical compositions containing them | |
| JPS5732290A (en) | Novel penicillin derivative and its preparation | |
| JPS56103185A (en) | Malonamidoxa-dethia-cephem compound | |
| CA1286285C (en) | Stable hydrate of penicillin derivative and process for preparing same | |
| CA2088047C (en) | Cephalosporinase testing agent | |
| EP0049389A1 (en) | Z-omega-substituted thio-2-(2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamido)-2-alkenoic acids, a process for preparing and an antibacterial composition containing the same | |
| JP2001321156A (en) | Plate for medicament sensitivity test | |
| GB2026689A (en) | Sensitivity discs |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |