GB1569994A - Process for the selective electrodeposition of metals - Google Patents
Process for the selective electrodeposition of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1569994A GB1569994A GB47911/76A GB4791176A GB1569994A GB 1569994 A GB1569994 A GB 1569994A GB 47911/76 A GB47911/76 A GB 47911/76A GB 4791176 A GB4791176 A GB 4791176A GB 1569994 A GB1569994 A GB 1569994A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- nozzle
- metal
- electroplated
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 title description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L dipotassium;[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] phosphate Chemical class [K+].[K+].OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RQALKBLYTUKBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]nonane Chemical compound O1CCOC11CSCC1 RQALKBLYTUKBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCNJOIMMYWLFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O MCNJOIMMYWLFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JQGGAELIYHNDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nic 12 Natural products CC(C=CC(=O)C)c1ccc2C3C4OC4C5(O)CC=CC(=O)C5(C)C3CCc2c1 JQGGAELIYHNDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZSILVJLXKHGNPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+2] Chemical compound S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+2] ZSILVJLXKHGNPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000369 cadmium(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004697 chelate complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZGCHATBSUIJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine sulfate Chemical compound NN.OS(O)(=O)=O ZGCHATBSUIJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium argentocyanide Chemical compound [K+].[Ag+].N#[C-].N#[C-] HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTLRDCMBXHILCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium arsenite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][As]=O PTLRDCMBXHILCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752551988 DE2551988A1 (de) | 1975-11-17 | 1975-11-17 | Verfahren zur selektiven galvanischen abscheidung von metallen sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1569994A true GB1569994A (en) | 1980-06-25 |
Family
ID=5962145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB47911/76A Expired GB1569994A (en) | 1975-11-17 | 1976-11-17 | Process for the selective electrodeposition of metals |
Country Status (12)
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4427520A (en) | 1981-03-05 | 1984-01-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for electroplating a portion of a moving workpiece |
| GB2136449A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1984-09-19 | Philips Nv | Electrodepositing uniformly thick metal layers |
| GB2214931A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1989-09-13 | Gen Electric Co Plc | Selective coating part of a member |
| US5100524A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1992-03-31 | The General Electric Company, P.L.C. | Apparatus for selectively coating part of a member |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2448585A1 (fr) * | 1979-02-08 | 1980-09-05 | Souriau & Cie | Procede et dispositif pour effectuer des depots electrolytiques selectifs d'un revetement metallique sur une piece conductrice |
| DE3015282C2 (de) | 1980-04-21 | 1986-07-17 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Vorrichtung zum partiellen Galvanisieren von leitenden oder leitend gemachten Oberflächen |
| JPS579894A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1982-01-19 | Osaki Kinzoku:Kk | Partial plating method |
| JPS5852034B2 (ja) * | 1981-08-26 | 1983-11-19 | 株式会社ソニツクス | 部分メツキ方法及びその装置 |
| JPS5887294A (ja) * | 1981-11-18 | 1983-05-25 | Sonitsukusu:Kk | 微小部分表面処理方法及びその装置 |
| DE3148788C2 (de) * | 1981-12-09 | 1986-08-21 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Wäßriges Bad und Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden von glänzenden und rißfreien Palladiumschichten sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bades |
| JPS59107094A (ja) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-21 | Sonitsukusu:Kk | 部分メツキ処理方法及びその装置 |
| FR2592895B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-16 | 1990-11-16 | Selectrons France | Installation pour la realisation de traitements electrolytiques localises de surfaces. |
| FR2688804A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-24 | Souriau & Cie | Procede de depot electrolytique selectif d'un metal notamment d'un metal noble tel que l'or sur la face interne de corps creux en forme de douille notamment d'elements de contact de connecteur machine pour la mise en óoeuvre du procede, produit obtenu. |
| DE10149733A1 (de) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-04-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Galvanikschicht auf einer Substratfläche |
| DE112005003201T5 (de) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-10-31 | Nsk Ltd. | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung einer Beschichtung auf einer Nabe |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1360811A (fr) * | 1963-04-03 | 1964-05-15 | Microdécapeur | |
| DE2010139A1 (en) * | 1970-03-04 | 1971-09-23 | Inovan Stroebe | Selective electro plating of metal strip |
| US3810829A (en) * | 1972-06-28 | 1974-05-14 | Nasa | Scanning nozzle plating system |
| JPS5030337U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-06-19 | 1975-04-04 |
-
1975
- 1975-11-17 DE DE19752551988 patent/DE2551988A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1976
- 1976-07-01 DK DK296976A patent/DK296976A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-11-11 IT IT29233/76A patent/IT1063937B/it active
- 1976-11-15 SE SE7612738A patent/SE7612738L/xx unknown
- 1976-11-15 CH CH1436876A patent/CH623850A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-15 LU LU76198A patent/LU76198A1/xx unknown
- 1976-11-15 IE IE2506/76A patent/IE44205B1/en unknown
- 1976-11-17 JP JP51138273A patent/JPS5274536A/ja active Pending
- 1976-11-17 BE BE172449A patent/BE848442A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-17 GB GB47911/76A patent/GB1569994A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-17 NL NL7612774A patent/NL7612774A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-11-17 FR FR7634567A patent/FR2331629A1/fr active Granted
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4427520A (en) | 1981-03-05 | 1984-01-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for electroplating a portion of a moving workpiece |
| GB2136449A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1984-09-19 | Philips Nv | Electrodepositing uniformly thick metal layers |
| GB2214931A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1989-09-13 | Gen Electric Co Plc | Selective coating part of a member |
| GB2214931B (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1991-11-13 | Gen Electric Co Plc | Apparatus for selectively coating part of a member |
| US5100524A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1992-03-31 | The General Electric Company, P.L.C. | Apparatus for selectively coating part of a member |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5274536A (en) | 1977-06-22 |
| FR2331629B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-03-07 |
| LU76198A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-05-23 |
| IT1063937B (it) | 1985-02-18 |
| DK296976A (da) | 1977-05-18 |
| BE848442A (fr) | 1977-05-17 |
| DE2551988A1 (de) | 1977-05-26 |
| FR2331629A1 (fr) | 1977-06-10 |
| IE44205L (en) | 1977-05-17 |
| CH623850A5 (en) | 1981-06-30 |
| NL7612774A (nl) | 1977-05-20 |
| SE7612738L (sv) | 1977-05-18 |
| IE44205B1 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |