GB1364139A - Detection of ice or water - Google Patents

Detection of ice or water

Info

Publication number
GB1364139A
GB1364139A GB4170172A GB4170172A GB1364139A GB 1364139 A GB1364139 A GB 1364139A GB 4170172 A GB4170172 A GB 4170172A GB 4170172 A GB4170172 A GB 4170172A GB 1364139 A GB1364139 A GB 1364139A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
ice
reflected
window
energy
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB4170172A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Co
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Publication of GB1364139A publication Critical patent/GB1364139A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
    • G08B19/02—Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/02—Detecting the presence of frost or condensate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/11—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary
    • F25B2700/111—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary using an emitter and receiver, e.g. sensing by emitting light or other radiation and receiving reflection by a sensor

Abstract

1364139 Electro-physical measurement - ice detectors MONSANTO CO 8 Sept 1972 [9 Sept 1971] 41701/72 Heading G1N The presence of ice or moisture on a surface is detected by the amount of micro-wave energy reflected back from a window in the surface. The system is applicable to airport runways, highway bridges, using a "window" of e.g. P. T. F. E. in a housing for the apparatus buried in the ground. In the simplest arrangement the "window" is coupled through a waveguide to the micro-wave generator and the reflected energy bled-off by a directional coupler Fig. 1 (not shown), or the changes in the standing wave pattern may be used to determine the reflected energy Fig. 2 (not shown); however preferably the ratio of the reflected to incident energy is measured using two directional couplers 15, 20 as illustrated in Fig. 3. Alternatively a three-port-circulator may be used to isolate the incident energy detector, and to bleed-off the reflected signal, Fig. 4 (not shown). To determine whether the signal is due to ICE OR WATER a window thermometer and a heater may be provided. On receipt of a reflection signal the heater is switched on and the variation (if due original to ice) noted, Fig. 5 (not shown). Alternatively Fig. 6, two windows are provided at the ends of the cross-limb of a "magic-T", the window 14b being heated. The sum of the reflected signals being extracted from the 3-port circulator on the feed-arm of the T and the difference between the reflections from the two windows (indicating ice) being detected at 32 on the other arm. Air temperature and humidity detectors may be used in combination with the above apparatus.
GB4170172A 1971-09-09 1972-09-08 Detection of ice or water Expired GB1364139A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00178871A US3836846A (en) 1971-09-09 1971-09-09 Ice detection apparatus employing microwave reflectance

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1364139A true GB1364139A (en) 1974-08-21

Family

ID=22654248

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB4170172A Expired GB1364139A (en) 1971-09-09 1972-09-08 Detection of ice or water

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3836846A (en)
JP (1) JPS4837180A (en)
DE (1) DE2244166A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1364139A (en)
NL (1) NL7212122A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2117925A (en) * 1982-02-19 1983-10-19 Hitachi Heating Appl Heating apparatus of thawing sensor controlled type

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936736A (en) * 1974-08-28 1976-02-03 Lockheed Aircraft Corporation Radome test instrument
US4054255A (en) * 1976-04-01 1977-10-18 System Development Corporation Microwave ice detector
US4060212A (en) * 1976-04-01 1977-11-29 System Development Corporation Deicing apparatus and method
DE2733760C3 (en) * 1977-07-27 1981-07-23 Caspers, Friedhelm, Dipl.-Ing., 4630 Bochum Method for the non-contact determination of the thickness and relative permittivity of dielectric layers and device for carrying out the method
DE3026256A1 (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-02-04 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt SENSOR FOR RIPENING
IT1211006B (en) * 1981-03-09 1989-09-29 Cise Spa MICROWAVE SENSOR FOR CHECKING THE LEVEL OF THE MELTED METAL IN CONTINUOUS CASTINGS.
US4470123A (en) * 1982-01-05 1984-09-04 Miami R & D Limited Partnership Microwave ice accretion meter
US4688185A (en) * 1982-01-05 1987-08-18 University Research Foundation Microwave ice accretion measuring instrument
AT400988B (en) * 1983-11-07 1996-05-28 Strahlen Umweltforsch Gmbh METHOD FOR MEASURING WEATHER-CONDITIONS OF STATUS ON THE SURFACE OF TRAFFIC AREAS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
US4649713A (en) * 1984-05-21 1987-03-17 Bezek Donald J Microwave ice detector
DE4040842A1 (en) * 1990-08-04 1992-02-06 Telefunken Systemtechnik INFRARED MICROWAVE SENSOR SYSTEM FOR DETECTING THE ROAD CONDITION
US5313202A (en) * 1991-01-04 1994-05-17 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method of and apparatus for detection of ice accretion
US5611239A (en) * 1994-09-21 1997-03-18 Magnetrol International Inc. Microwave point instrument with self-test circuit
US5497100A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-03-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Surface condition sensing system
US5629485A (en) * 1994-12-13 1997-05-13 The B.F. Goodrich Company Contaminant detection sytem
DE19608535A1 (en) * 1996-03-06 1997-09-11 Tobias Kippenberg Apparatus for identifying ice on road
US6064903A (en) * 1997-12-29 2000-05-16 Spectra Research, Inc. Electromagnetic detection of an embedded dielectric region within an ambient dielectric region
DE10016315B4 (en) * 2000-03-31 2007-11-29 G. LUFFT MEß- UND REGELTECHNIK GMBH Device for measuring layer thicknesses
JP4492883B2 (en) * 2003-03-14 2010-06-30 エルイダヴルトヴェエエーエス エーペーエス Device for detecting surface condition data
DE102004026637A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-12-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Device for determining the road condition
US7148703B2 (en) * 2004-05-14 2006-12-12 Zircon Corporation Auto-deep scan for capacitive sensing
US8779945B2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2014-07-15 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Virtual ice accretion meter display
FR2966234B1 (en) * 2010-10-14 2012-10-05 Aer METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ANTICIPATED DETECTION OF FROZEN ON A TRACK
US8800362B2 (en) * 2012-12-19 2014-08-12 Progress Rail Services Corp Precipitation detector for railroad applications
US9401089B2 (en) * 2013-10-21 2016-07-26 University Corporation For Atmospheric Research Road weather hazard system
RU2637797C1 (en) * 2016-07-22 2017-12-07 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова Российской академии наук Method for determining state of road surface
CN107059580B (en) * 2017-06-21 2019-04-12 中国民航大学 A kind of airport machine level ground cement road face seam water detection remover apparatus
DE102019205903A1 (en) * 2019-04-25 2020-10-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for determining a solid state of water on a road surface
US11802756B2 (en) 2020-08-18 2023-10-31 Steven R. Weeres Ice thickness transducer

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3233172A (en) * 1960-06-27 1966-02-01 Corning Glass Works Method of determining the dielectric constant of a material using calibrated standards
FR1356048A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-03-20 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Improvements to humidity measuring devices

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2117925A (en) * 1982-02-19 1983-10-19 Hitachi Heating Appl Heating apparatus of thawing sensor controlled type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4837180A (en) 1973-06-01
NL7212122A (en) 1973-03-13
US3836846A (en) 1974-09-17
DE2244166A1 (en) 1973-03-15

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PLNP Patent lapsed through nonpayment of renewal fees