GB1321412A - Antibiotics and their preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

1321412 New antibiotics MERCK & CO Inc 19 April 1971 [13 March 1970 30 June 1970 9 Dec 1970 16 Feb 1971] 23407/71 Heading C2A Novel cephalosporin-like antibiotics have the Formula I wherein R is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, lower alkanoyloxy, mono-nuclear or bi-nuclear aromatic-carbonoyloxy, six-membered N-containing heterocyclic-carbonoyloxy, aralkanoyloxy, 5 or 6 nuclear carbon-containing cycloalkanecarbonoyloxy, α-methoxy-p-sulphooxycinnamoyloxy, α-methoxy-p-hydroxycinnamoyloxy; a carbamoyloxy radical of formula: (where R<SP>1</SP> and R<SP>2</SP> are each hydrogen, lower alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, alkarylsulphonyl, benzhydryl, or together with the common N, form a pyrrolidino, morpholino or piperidino radical); a thio radical of formula: -SR<SP>3</SP> (where R<SP>3</SP> is lower alkyl, pyridyl, lower alkyl-substituted thiazolyl, 1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl, lower alkyl-substituted 1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl, 2-benzothiazolyl or 4-lower alkyl-pyrimidin-2-yl); a pyridinium radical of formula (where X<SP>1</SP> is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, carboxy, carbamoyl, N-lower alkyl carbamoyl, N,N-di-lower alkyl carbamoyl, carboxymethyl, lower alkanoyl, lower alkyl, hydroxymethyl or sulpho); a thiouronium radical of formula an amidinothio radical of formula (wherein R<SP>4</SP>, R<SP>5</SP> and R<SP>6</SP> are hydrogen or lower alkyl); an amino-thio carbonylthio radical of formula (where R<SP>7</SP> and R<SP>8</SP> are hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, morpholino-lower alkyl, N-aryl-N-lower alkylaminoalkyl, or together with the common N, form a morpholino, piperidino, pyrrolidinyl or a piperazino radical of formula where R<SP>9</SP> is alkyl or phenyl); aroylthio, an oxythiocarbonylthio radical of formula (where R<SP>10</SP> is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 5 or C 6 cycloalkyl); alkarylsulphonyl: azido; amino, or an amino radical of formula: -NHR<SP>11</SP> (where R<SP>11</SP> is an acyl radical); polyhydroxyphenyl, N-lower alkyl-indol-3-yl, or thiocyanato. Salts, esters and amides of the compounds of Formula I are included. The word "lower" means that the relevant group contains not more than 5 carbon atoms. Compounds of Formula I wherein R is α- methoxy-p-sulphooxycinnamoyloxy or α-methoxy-p-hydroxycinnamoyloxy, i.e. compounds of Formula Ia wherein R<SP>12</SP> is sulphoxy or hydroxy respectively, are prepared by aerobically cultivating a new strain (NRRL3851) of Streptomyces griseus, when a mixture of the said compounds termed antibiotic 810A is produced. This mixture may also be produced by aerobically cultivating the following new strains:- Streptomyces griseus NRRL. 3951, 3952 and 3953; Streptomyces viridochromogenes NRRL. 3962, 3963, 3964, 3965, 3966, 3967, 3968, 3969, 3970, 3971 and 3972; Streptomyces fimbriatus NRRL. 3954, 3955, 3956, 3957 and 3958; Streptomyces halstedii NRRL. 3959, 3960 and 3961; Streptomyces rochei NRRL. 3973; Streptomyces cinnamonesis NRRL. 3974; and Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL. 3975. Compounds of Formula I wherein R is carbamoyloxy, i.e. compounds of Formula Ib are prepared by aerobically cultivating a new species (NRRL. 3802) of Streptomyces, S. lactamdurans. The said compound is referred to as antibiotic 842A. Other compounds of Formula I are obtained by appropriate chemical conversions of the 3- carbamoyloxy group of compound (Ib), if necessary after conventionally protecting the free amino group and both carboxyl groups. By reacting the protected compound (Ib) with nitrosyl halide, the 3-hydroxymethylanalogueis obtained. N-Mono-substituted and N,N-disubstituted 3-carbamoyloxy compounds are prepared by first reacting the protected compound (Ib) with a carbonyl halide to give the corresponding 3-(haloformyloxymethyl) compound which is then treated with the appropriate mono- or di-substituted amine. Reaction of compound (Ib) with an isocyanate gives the N-monosubstituted analogue. 3-Methyl derivatives are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of compound (Ib). Other 3-substituted compounds may be obtained by acylation of the 3-hydroxymethyl compound to give the corresponding 3-acyloxymethyl compound. This compound or the compound (Ib) may then be reacted with any of the following: thiourea, N- substituted thiourea; N,N-di-substituted thiourea, alkali metal azide, thiazole, thiadiazole, halogenating agent or alkali metal thiocyanate, to give the corresponding 3-thiouroniummethyl, 3-azidomethyl, 3-thiazolylmercaptomethyl, 3- thiadiazolylmercaptomethyl, halomethyl or 3- cyanatomethyl derivatives. In addition, the 3-acyloxymethyl compound may be reacted with a thiol, dithiocarbamate, dithiocarboxylate, amine, pyridine or nuclear substituted pyridine, alkali metal sulphinate, N-alkyl-indole or polyhydroxybenzene to give the remaining derivatives of Formula I. Antibiotic 810A may be separated into its component antibiotics by chromatography e.g. on strongly hydrophilic anion exchange resin with 0À5M ammonium bromide-0À1M formic acid; on weakly basic anion exchange resin with pH1-2 aqueous acid; or on non-ionic crosslinked polystyrene polymer with aqueous methanol or aqueous acetone. Antibiotic 842A may be purified by chromatography on quaternary ammonium or sulphonic acid exchange resins, eluting with aqueous or aqueous alcoholic ammonium or sodium chloride. Pharmaceutical compositions having broad spectrum antibiotic activity comprise a compound of Formula I as defined hereinbefore or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic salt, ester or amide thereof in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The compositions may be in forms for oral, parenteral, injectable or topical administration.