FR3094733A1 - Basin wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a wall of a reinforced concrete-based basin, comprising: forming a formwork applied, by a first of its faces, to at least a vertical part of the basin. a basin excavation; pouring concrete into the formwork; characterized in that it comprises, before pouring: the placement of spacers projecting laterally from a second face of the formwork, opposite to the first face; the fixing of at least one panel (8) resting, by the first face of the panel, on the spacers. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 5

Description

Pond wall

The invention relates to the field of construction when a formwork for the manufacture of a reinforced concrete structure is necessary. The invention will apply more particularly to the construction of swimming pools or other reinforced concrete basins, in particular, but not exclusively, pool walls. The term “swimming pool” is understood in the broad sense and includes all types of at least partially buried bodies of water such as basins or reservoirs.

Reinforced concrete swimming pools generally have a concrete enclosure whose component parts are cast on site using formwork in the shape of the swimming pool. We know from document FR3036419 A1 an improved formwork which comprises spaced beams joined by irons and a mesh; the whole is both flexible and adaptive assembly and good cohesion; the pouring of the concrete then takes place in this cased volume.

This structure gives satisfaction in its ease of implementation and in its mechanical strength. However, it involves significant finishing of the interior surface of the pool, in particular to prepare for laying tiles.

An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a formwork and a process for its manufacture which make it possible to facilitate obtaining the surface of the wall intended to form the inner face of the basin.

The other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a review of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It is understood that other benefits may be incorporated.

• une formation d’un coffrage appliqué, par une première de ses faces, sur au moins une partie verticale d’une excavation de bassin ;
• un coulage de béton dans le coffrage ;
  caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend, avant le coulage:
• la mise en place d’écarteurs en saillie latéralement depuis une deuxième face du coffrage, opposée à la première face ;
• la fixation d’au moins un panneau en appui, par la première face du panneau, sur les écarteurs.

To achieve this objective, according to one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a wall of a basin based on reinforced concrete, comprising:

• a formation of a formwork applied, by a first of its faces, on at least a vertical part of a basin excavation;
• pouring concrete into the formwork;
  characterized in that it comprises, before casting:
• the placement of spacers projecting laterally from a second face of the formwork, opposite the first face;
• the fixing of at least one panel in support, by the first face of the panel, on the spacers.

Thus, the wall is provided with a surface exposed towards the interior of the pool and which can be easily finalized, in particular without requiring leveling. For example, this surface, which is the rear face of the panel, can be tiled directly. This panel also provides an element serving as formwork and the concrete advantageously fills a volume behind this panel; the concrete is preferably used to hold the panel at least partially. A plurality of panels are preferably used and these will generally cover the entire contour of the pool, to produce a closed contour. The panels can therefore be individually adjusted for optimum mounting precision.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a basin wall based on reinforced concrete, comprising a formwork applicable, by a first of its faces, on at least a vertical part of a basin excavation and concrete poured into the formwork, characterized in that it comprises spacers projecting laterally from a second face of the formwork, opposite the first face, and at least one panel resting on the spacers.

Another aspect relates to a pool, such as the pool of a swimming pool, comprising at least one such wall.

The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 represents a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 shows a detail of a possibility of fixing panels;

Figure 3 is a cutaway view of an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 4 shows a situation after pouring the concrete;

Figure 5 illustrates a spacer variant in the form of a screw.

The drawings are given by way of examples and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily scaled to practical applications.

• on utilise au moins une vis de butée réglable en enfoncement dans le coffrage comme écarteur ;
• la fixation comprend la mise en place d’au moins une vis de montage 9 au travers du panneau 8, la vis de montage 9 étant vissée dans une pièce du coffrage ;
• la vis de montage 9 est montée dans une cheville 92 elle-même montée traversante dans le panneau 8, le procédé comprenant, après le coulage, le retrait de la vis de montage 9 tout en gardant en place la cheville 92 ;
• le procédé comprend un remplissage de la cheville 92 par un matériau de comblement après retrait de la vis de montage (9) ;
• la mise en place d’au moins une vis de montage 9, le montage d’un support 10 sur la deuxième face du panneau 8, la mise en place de l’au moins une vis de montage 9 étant opérée par vissage au travers du support 10, le procédé comprenant le retrait du support 10 après le coulage ;
• on utilise au moins un panneau 8 à base de ciment et revêtu d’un treillis de fibres de verre au moins sur sa face en vis-à-vis avec le coffrage.
• les écarteurs comprennent au moins un profilé dont une face avant est appliquée sur le panneau 8 ;
• une face arrière, opposée à la face avant, du profilé est appliquée sur au moins un fer horizontal 4a, 4b du coffrage ;
• le coffrage peut comprendre un grillage arrière 2, faisant une interface entre la paroi de l’excavation 1 et le reste du coffrage ; il peut s’agir d’une grille métallique ou en fibres, notamment en fibres de verre ;
• le coffrage peut comprendre un grillage avant 5, en vis-à-vis du ou des panneaux 8 ; il peut s’agir d’une grille métallique ou en fibres, notamment en fibres de verre ; de préférence ses mailles sont assez larges pour que le béton puisse s’écouler au travers ;
• le coffrage peut comprendre au moins une poutrelle 3 de ferraillage, comprenant par exemple quatre montants sous forme de barres de fer s'étendant parallèlement et à distance les uns des autres, au moins deux fers étant situés autour des quatre montants avec un espacement entre les deux fers, chaque fer encadrant les montants pour leur maintien les uns par rapport aux autres, chaque fer pouvant s'étendre dans un plan perpendiculaire aux montants en délimitant une section carrée ou rectangulaire pour la poutrelle 3 de ferraillage, chaque angle au sommet de la section carrée ou rectangulaire étant au voisinage d'un montant respectif ;
• la pièce de fixation peut être une plaque ou une réglette, et s’étend de préférence verticalement, de sorte à offrir un vissage d’une pluralité de vis de montage 9 espacées verticalement ;
• la ou les vis de réglage 11 peuvent être vissées dans une pièce de fixation, et de préférence à la même pièce de fixation.

Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional characteristics are set out below which may possibly be used in combination or alternatively:

• using at least one stop screw adjustable in depth in the formwork as a spacer;
• the fixing comprises the positioning of at least one mounting screw 9 through the panel 8, the mounting screw 9 being screwed into a part of the formwork;
• the mounting screw 9 is mounted in a dowel 92 itself mounted through in the panel 8, the method comprising, after casting, the removal of the mounting screw 9 while keeping the dowel 92 in place;
• the method comprises filling the dowel 92 with a filling material after removal of the mounting screw (9);
• the installation of at least one assembly screw 9, the installation of a support 10 on the second face of the panel 8, the installation of the at least one assembly screw 9 being operated by screwing through the carrier 10, the method comprising removing carrier 10 after casting;
• using at least one panel 8 based on cement and coated with a mesh of glass fibers at least on its face vis-à-vis the formwork.
• the spacers comprise at least one profile whose front face is applied to the panel 8;
• a rear face, opposite the front face, of the profile is applied to at least one horizontal bar 4a, 4b of the formwork;
• the formwork may comprise a rear grating 2, forming an interface between the wall of the excavation 1 and the rest of the formwork; it may be a metal or fiber grid, in particular fiberglass;
• the formwork may comprise a front grid 5, facing the panel(s) 8; it may be a metal or fiber grid, in particular fiberglass; preferably its meshes are wide enough for the concrete to flow through;
• the formwork may comprise at least one beam 3 of reinforcement, comprising for example four uprights in the form of iron bars extending parallel and at a distance from each other, at least two irons being located around the four uprights with a spacing between the two irons, each iron framing the uprights for their maintenance relative to each other, each iron being able to extend in a plane perpendicular to the uprights by delimiting a square or rectangular section for the beam 3 of reinforcement, each angle at the top of the square or rectangular section being in the vicinity of a respective amount;
• the fixing part can be a plate or a strip, and preferably extends vertically, so as to provide screwing of a plurality of vertically spaced mounting screws 9;
• the adjustment screw or screws 11 can be screwed into a fixing part, and preferably to the same fixing part.

• les écarteurs comprennent au moins une vis de butée réglable en enfoncement dans le coffrage ;
• les écarteurs comprennent au moins un profilé dont une face avant est appliquée sur le panneau 8 ;
• la paroi comprend au moins un élément d’ancrage solidaire du panneau 8 et noyé dans le béton armé ;
• l’au moins un élément d’ancrage comprend au moins une cheville 92 ;
• le panneau 8 est à base de ciment et est revêtu d’un treillis de fibres de verre au moins sur sa face en vis-à-vis avec le coffrage.

According to another aspect of the invention, the pool wall is such that:

• the spacers comprise at least one adjustable stop screw for driving into the formwork;
• the spacers comprise at least one profile whose front face is applied to the panel 8;
• the wall comprises at least one anchoring element integral with the panel 8 and embedded in the reinforced concrete;
• the at least one anchoring element comprises at least one peg 92;
• the panel 8 is cement-based and is covered with a mesh of glass fibers at least on its face vis-à-vis the formwork.

In what follows, the expression "based on..." means the use of a material mainly presenting the element on which it is based. This is particularly the case of a concrete-based material, which includes concrete without this excluding the presence of other elements. This is also the case for cementitious panels, which can consist of cement or include other elements, for example additional fillers, or a coating.

In general, the present invention uses a formwork which is applied to the walls of a basin excavation so as to cover this excavation with a mechanically solid and watertight structure, to form a basin capable of receiving water. . The formwork forms a part of reinforcement cooperating with concrete which advantageously fills the volume of the formwork once laid. In what follows, we essentially describe the steps making it possible to produce a reinforced concrete wall from the formwork, directed vertically at least having a non-zero vertical component.

Figure 1 shows an example of a formwork structure applied to an excavation wall 1. It is understood that an excavation was first formed, which generally involves digging a hole in the ground, this digging leaving exposed a peripheral wall to be covered by the wall based on reinforced concrete. The invention applies to any formwork structure which makes it possible to receive the panels according to the methods of the present invention. Thus, the example of structure given below, using beams and reinforcing bars cannot be considered as limiting.

In the case shown, we start by affixing a rear mesh 2 on the wall of the excavation 1. It can be a trellis. This step is used for the assembly of the beams 3 and their installation to form the reinforcement wall.

A plurality of beams 3 is applied to the mesh 2 or directly to the wall of the excavation 1. Advantageously, these beams are of square or rectangular section, as shown in Figure 1 or according to another method by triangular beams ( not segmented). They can be connected to the mesh, for example by staples, according to the example of Figure 2. Figure 3 also shows an example of vertical extension of the beams 3 so as to form a vertical structure right through along of the wall of the excavation 1. These beams are advantageously made of horizontal frames secured with vertically elongated irons at the four corners.

Returning to Figure 1, we note that the beams 3 are connected by horizontal irons 4a, 4b. The latter have the advantage of flexibility to fit the wall as well as possible and ensure lateral cohesion between the beams 3. A horizontal iron 4a is advantageously located towards the rear of the beams and a horizontal iron 4b is advantageously located forward beams, according to the example of the embodiment of Figure 2.

Optionally, it is possible to attach to this assembly a front grating 5, the meshes of which are advantageously wide enough to allow the reinforced concrete to pass through. It may be a metal mesh, but preferably rather a mesh of stainless material, in particular based on fibers, in particular glass fibers. The front grating can be fixed to the beams by staples, as shown in figure 2.

According to the invention, rather than seeking to pour the reinforced concrete at this stage, with the aim of forming the exposed part of the wall of the basin by the reinforced concrete material itself, the present invention implements, original way, panels 8. It is these panels that will constitute, at least in part, the outer surface of the pool wall. In this way, a surface of a quality that can be adapted to the finishing needs of the pool is achieved, and it can in particular be ready to be tiled.

According to one embodiment, the panel is cement-based; as an indication, its thickness is for example between 10 and 20 millimeters and in particular from 12 to 15 millimeters. Preferably, the panels 8 are formed from cement. Advantageously, at least one of the faces of the panels 8 is coated with a coating serving to reinforce them mechanically and/or to improve the interface of the panels with respect to an element on which they are applied, for example a paint, a tiling, or concrete. Preferably, both sides of the panel are coated with such a coating. The latter can be a sheet of glass fibers attached to one face of the panel. This coating offers increased mechanical strength of the panel, in particular during bending of the latter, this flexibility also being permitted by its low thickness.

Advantageously, a plurality of panels 8 are used which are juxtaposed to each other along the formwork; this limits handling difficulties.

The inner face of the panels 8 will delimit the concrete pouring zone. To this end, it is necessary to position the panels 8 precisely relative to the structure of the formwork. In this context, one embodiment of the invention comprises spacers which project towards the inside of the basin from the face of the formwork opposite the wall of the excavation 1 and which act as spacers.

Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, spacers in the form of sections 6 are applied to the formwork structure, in particular at the level of the horizontal iron 4b. These sections advantageously extend along the vertical dimension, and can be positioned, for example, between each beam 3. They may be sections having a U-section, they are preferably made of plastic. It is understood that one face of the profiles 6 is applied to the formwork and that an opposite face is applied to the rear face of the panel 8. In the case where a front grid 5 is used, the profiles 6 can also be used to apply it on the irons.

The depth of the cross-section of the 6 profiles is chosen to produce the desired spacing between the formwork structure and the panels.

A variant of spacers, which can be used alternatively or in combination with the previous one, is shown in Figure 5. At this level, an adjustment screw 11 is mounted on the formwork so as to be integral with the latter. At the same time, the head of the screw 11 protrudes to constitute a support surface for the internal face of the panels 8. This configuration has the advantage of facilitating the adjustment of the spacing, which can be effected by screwing or unscrewing the screws 11.

One can for example implement vertical rows of adjustment screws 11 at the level of each beam 3.

The relative arrangement of the panels 8 and the formwork thus adjusted, it is a question of positioning said panels successively, in particular manually and of maintaining them in place, for example using at least one clamp.

Nevertheless, the invention advantageously comprises a screwing, at least temporarily, of the panels 8 relative to the formwork. In this context, the latter advantageously comprises a fixing part 7. It may be an elongated element, extending and integral at the level of the beams, or at least of some of them, as shown by example Figure 3 in perspective. Preferably, part 7 is made of plastic material, or even metal. It can be an element in the form of a cleat or a profiled sheet.

As for Figure 2, it shows in more detail the cooperation between the fixing part 7 and a screw 9 used to retain the panel 8. On assembly, the part 7 is attached to a beam 3 and constitutes an anchoring zone for screws 9.

The screws 9 are mounted through the panels 8 so that their heads 91 apply to an outer face of the panels 8 and their bodies are inserted into the fixing piece 7. Figure 3 provides an example of screwing through screws 9 through panel 8.

To facilitate the positioning of the screws 9, especially when they are to be positioned correctly vis-à-vis a fixing part 7, a support 10 can be used, an example of which is given in FIG. 5. It can be a cleat made of wood or another material applied to the outer face of the panel 8 so as to delimit a privileged zone for positioning the screws 9. In addition, the support 10 can provide temporary mechanical reinforcement to the panels, during operations of screwing. Optionally, the support 10 includes areas for installing screws, to facilitate the work of the installer.

Still preferably, and in accordance with the various illustrations, a dowel 92 can equip all or part of the screws 9. The dowel 92 forms a projecting element from the internal face of the panel while crossing the latter. An anchoring edge 93, as usually used on conventional dowels, can allow flush retention on the outer face of the panel. On assembly, the panel 8 can be pierced right through, for example in vertical rows, and the pegs 92 can be placed in these openings. The screws 9 are then put in place and positioned fixedly on the panel 8 relative to the formwork, as soon as the screws 9 are embedded in the fixing part 7.

Optionally, alternative or complementary anchoring elements to the dowels can be used to form elements projecting towards the inside of the formwork, from the internal face of the panels 8. These elements can be used to retain the panel 8 after the pouring of the concrete. This is also the case for pegs 92.

When the panels 8 have been correctly put in place, the concrete is poured.

Thus, as shown in Figure 4 which presents a situation after the concrete has been poured, the entire formwork and the interstitial volume between the formwork and the panel 8 has been filled with concrete. In this configuration, the concrete provides adhesion relative to the inner face of the panel. This method of attachment is advantageously reinforced by the presence of the pegs 92 which form an additional anchorage.

Advantageously, before pouring the concrete, and preferably before its complete solidification, the screws 9 are removed, but the dowels 92 remain in place. Their interior volume is advantageously, from this stage, filled with a filling material, preferably a hardenable resin. Preferably, this filling is configured to cover an outer face of panel 8 without holes.

This external face is at this stage ready for finishing the pool wall.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims.

List of references
1 excavation wall
2 rear grill
3 beam
4a, 4b horizontal bar
5 front mesh
6 spacer profile
7 fixing piece
8 panel
9 mounting screws
91 screw head
92 ankle
93 anchor edge
10 bracket
11 adjustment screws

Claims (15)

Process for manufacturing a wall of a basin based on reinforced concrete, comprising:

• a formation of a formwork applied, by a first of its faces, on at least a vertical part of a basin excavation;
• pouring concrete into the formwork;
  characterized in that it comprises, before casting:
• the placement of spacers projecting laterally from a second face of the formwork, opposite the first face;
• the fixing of at least one panel (8) supported, by the first face of the panel, on the spacers.

Method according to the preceding claim, in which at least one adjustable stop screw is used for driving into the formwork as a spacer. Method according to the preceding claim, in which the fixing comprises the positioning of at least one mounting screw (9) through the panel (8), the mounting screw (9) being screwed into a part of the formwork. Method according to the preceding claim, in which the mounting screw (9) is mounted in a dowel (92) itself mounted through in the panel (8), the method comprising, after casting, the removal of the mounting screw (9) while keeping the pin (92) in place. Method according to the preceding claim, comprising filling the dowel (92) with a filling material after removal of the mounting screw (9). Method according to one of the three preceding claims, comprising, the positioning of at least one mounting screw (9), the mounting of a support (10) on the second face of the panel (8), the the place of the at least one mounting screw (9) being operated by screwing through the support (10), the method comprising the removal of the support (10) after casting. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one cement-based panel (8) is used, coated with a mesh of glass fibers on both sides. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the spacers comprise at least one profile whose front face is applied to the panel (8). Method according to the preceding claim, in which a rear face, opposite the front face, of the profile is applied to at least one horizontal bar (4a, 4b) of the formwork. Basin wall based on reinforced concrete, comprising a formwork applicable, by a first of its faces, on at least a vertical part of a basin excavation and concrete poured into the formwork, characterized in that it comprises spacers projecting laterally from a second face of the formwork, opposite the first face and at least one panel resting on the spacers. Wall according to the preceding claim, in which the spacers comprise at least one stop screw adjustable in depth in the formwork. Wall according to one of the two preceding claims, in which the spacers comprise at least one profile whose front face is applied to the panel. Wall according to one of the three preceding claims, comprising at least one anchoring element integral with the panel 8 and embedded in the reinforced concrete. Wall according to the preceding claim, in which the at least one anchoring element comprises at least one peg 92. Wall according to one of Claims 10 to 14, in which the panel 8 is cement-based and is covered with a mesh of glass fibers on both sides.