FR2987637A1 - Tile e.g. stone tile for covering roof, has plate bordered by side, where side comprises set of forged portions whose branch is arranged in assembly plane, and another branch that is allowed to project with regard to assembly plane - Google Patents

Abstract

The tile (3a) has a plate (15) that is bordered by a side (1) and another side (2) that is approximately parallel to the former side. Each end of the former side and the latter side is respectively arranged with an assembly side and another assembly side. The former assembly side and the latter assembly side are located respectively in an assembly plane and another assembly plane. The latter side comprises a set of forged portions (21) whose branch is arranged in the assembly plane, and another branch projects with regard to the assembly plane. An independent claim is also included for a cover assembly.

Description

The invention relates to tiles, in particular tiles for roofs or facades. Such tiles, generally made of stone or terracotta cover an oblique surface, or even a vertical surface, by superimposing each time the downstream end of an upper tile over the upstream end of a tile lower. Fastening reliefs formed respectively on the outer face of the upper edge of the second tile and on the inner face of the lower edge of the first tile located upstream of the second tile, can, thanks to the self weight of the tiles, the mutual interlocking of the tiles between them. The upper edge of each tile can also be hung on a horizontal amount of the roof. In the case of a facade or a very steeply pitched roof, this type of arrangement also requires a joining of the tiles independent of their own weight, for example using hooks inserted into both a hole of the upper tile and in an opening of the lower tile. Additional attachment systems may be provided to secure each tile to the horizontal uprights of the facade or roof. In the case of vertical or almost vertical facade, the assembly of the tiles is laborious and delicate, because it is necessary to support the entire weight of the tile until all the shackles have not been put in place. The object of the invention is to propose a tile form and a roof or façade cladding assembly system, which makes it possible to improve the attachment of the tiles to their support while facilitating the assembly of the cladding. To this end, the invention provides a tile for covering a roof or a surface, comprising a plate, bordered by a first side and a second side substantially parallel to the first side, each side ending respectively with a first assembly edge and a second assembly edge respectively located in a first assembly plane and in a second assembly plane, characterized in that at least the second side comprises one or more bifurcated portions of which a first branch is in the assembly plane and a second branch is protruding from the assembly plane. In other words, the tile comprises a central plate, axially bordered by at least one first side extending substantially rectilinear in a first longitudinal direction, and by at least one second side substantially parallel to the first side, the first side terminating axially by at least a first axial portion -or first assembly edge- of substantially constant average thickness on either side of a first assembly plane. The second side has at least one longitudinal portion whose section , along a first sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, is a bifid portion forming a "Y" whose arms open on the opposite side to the first side. A first branch of the bifurface end of the second side has a second axial portion -or second assembly edge-of substantially constant average thickness on either side of a second assembly plane parallel to the first plane of assembly. According to an advantageous embodiment, the first assembly plane and the second assembly plane can be merged.

According to one embodiment, the internal width of the bifurcated portion, in a normal direction perpendicular to the assembly planes, may be strictly less than the thickness, in the normal direction, of at least one axial end of the first side. of the tile.

According to another embodiment, the internal width of the bifurcated portion in a normal direction perpendicular to the assembly planes may be greater than or equal to the thickness, in the normal direction, of at least one axial end of the first side. of the tile. The interior width is considered to be greater than or equal to the thickness of the first tile side if a first side of a second identical tile can be inserted into the first bifurcated portion so that the axial end of the second tile comes substantially in abutment against the bottom of the bifurcated portion.

One of the branches of the bifid end may be longer (i.e. longer in the axial direction) than the other branch of the bifid end. The first side of the tile may comprise at least one support projection protruding from the first side substantially perpendicular to the central plate. Preferably, the support nose has a flat or concave surface portion on a side facing the second side. The tile may then include one or more bifurcated end zones along the second side, alternating with flat surface portions, the bifurcated end zones, and the flat surface portions being positioned to allow parallel insertion. to the assembly planes- the first side of a second identical tile inside the two-end end zones, and to insert the support beaks of the second tile along the flat surfaces. According to a first preferred embodiment, the tile comprises at least one support nose and two bifurcated end zones located on either side of the support nose with respect to the longitudinal direction. According to a second preferred embodiment, the tile comprises at least one bifurized end zone and two support jaws located on either side of the bifurized end zone with respect to the longitudinal direction.

According to yet another particularly advantageous embodiment, the first side is also bifurted, and splits into a third branch corresponding to the first assembly edge of the first side, and a fourth forked end branch projecting from the first side. first assembly plan. According to a preferred embodiment, the third branch and the fourth branch also have parallel planes parallel to the first assembly plane, or are configured to be able to face parallel to the first assembly plane while leaving a minimum clearance between the two branches.

Advantageously, each bifurcated end forms a "Y" with two parallel arms, the spacing of the two arms of the first bifurcated end being substantially equal to the spacing of the arms of the second bifurcated end. It is considered that the spacing of the arms is substantially equal if it is possible, by orienting the arms of the two "Y" parallel to the same assembly plane, to bring the arms of the first bifurcated end and the arms of the second end bifid of a second identical tile. Both arms are considered parallel if the inner surfaces of the two arms are parallel.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the fourth bifurcated end branch and the second bifurized end branch comprise bevels of complementary shapes. In other words, the fourth bifurcated end branch and the second bifurcated end branch respectively comprise a first end surface, and a second end surface which is parallel to the first end surface, and which is oblique to the assembly plane. Two planes are considered to be oblique to one another if they are not perpendicular or parallel to each other. Advantageously, one of the branches of a bifurcated end of the second side forms a surface portion able to completely cover the axial end of the first assembly edge of a second identical tile when the latter is inserted inside the first bifurcated end of the first tile. Particularly advantageously, the first side, the second side and the central plate of the tile form a one-piece assembly. A photovoltaic sensor can be assembled to the tile. According to another aspect, the invention proposes a set for cover for inclined or vertical surface, comprising at least two tiles each comprising a plate, bordered by a first side and by a second side substantially parallel to the first side, each side ending respectively by a first assembly edge and a second assembly edge respectively located in a first assembly plane and in a second assembly plane, the first and second side having one or more bifurcated portions having a first branch therein; the assembly plane and a second branch is protruding from the assembly plane. The assembly further comprises at least one assembly chute having a first and a second longitudinal groove disposed on either side of the chute, and adapted to receive respectively the first assembly edge of the first side of a tile and the second assembly edge of the second side of another tile, inserted into the chute substantially parallel to each other.

The chute may have a wing whose thickness substantially corresponds to the spacing remaining between the assembly edges, and the projecting portion or portions facing them. In other words, the thickness profile of the chute, thickness along an axis perpendicular to the plane passing through the middle of the two grooves, is such that once the chute inserted between two tiles, the chute substantially fills the gap available, in this direction of thickness, between the first assembly edge and the second and / or fourth bifurcated end branch. According to an embodiment that can be combined with the above, the chute can also fill the gap along the thickness axis between the second assembly edge and the second and / or fourth forked end branch. According to yet another aspect, the invention proposes a set for cover for inclined or vertical surface, comprising at least two tiles each comprising a plate, bordered by a first side and by a second side substantially parallel to the first side, each side ending respectively respectively. by a first assembly edge and a second assembly edge respectively located in a first assembly plane and in a second assembly plane. The second side comprises one or more bifurcated portions of which a first branch is in the assembly plane and a second branch is projecting with respect to the assembly plane. The assembly further comprises an assembly of at least two horizontal uprights and comprises at least one elastic strapping means enclosing at least a portion of one of the uprights and at least a portion of the first edge of one of the tiles. Each tile of the cover assembly may comprise at least one support projection protruding from the first side substantially perpendicularly to the central plate, the elastic strapping means enclosing a portion of one of the uprights and a portion of one of the projection nozzles. 'support. Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIGS. 1a and 1b describe a view front and a side view of a portion of glass cladding according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a sectional view of another glass cladding according to the invention; - Figure 3 is a sectional view of another glass cladding according to the invention; - Figure 4 is a sectional view of another glass cladding according to the invention.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 1b, a cladding comprises glass tiles 3a, 3b, 3c ... attached to horizontal uprights 7 here in the form of tubes, which may be metal tubes or plastic tubes. . The tubes 7 are held by the vertical angles 8 which can be stamped metal and cut.

The tiles 3a, 3b, 3c identical to each other, each comprise a central plate portion 15, which is here substantially flat and which is bordered in the upper part by a substantially straight upper side 1 and, in the lower part, by a lower side 2 , which is here slightly rounded and whose general direction is parallel to the horizontal direction x of the upper side 1. In the following description, we will designate by longitudinal direction, the x direction parallel to both the upper side 1 and the lower side 2.

A tile, for example 3a, is also bordered by a left lateral side 4 and a right lateral side 5 here substantially rectilinear, and configured so that two neighboring tiles can either come edge to edge or slightly overlap in the longitudinal direction x . On the upper side 1, two protruding projections 9 extend substantially perpendicularly to the central plate 15. These support spouts 9 are here integral with the central plate 15, which is made of glass, and are connected to that by a zone of extra thickness 10. The support nose 9 is supported by a lower surface 16 of the support nose, on one of the tubes 7. This lower surface may be flat or slightly concave. The text denotes in the text by the axial direction y, the direction y perpendicular to the longitudinal direction x, and connecting the upper side 1 and the lower side 2. This direction corresponds, once the assembled tiles, to the direction of greater slope of clothing. The support spout 9 is held against the tube 7 in the axial direction, by means of an elastic strapping 17, which may for example be made of elastic steel, or which could also be made of plastic. The elastic band 17 extends from a lower portion of the tube 7 to an upper portion of the support nose 9. In the embodiment described, it stops on the upper end of the tile 3a. According to alternative embodiments, it could descend on a portion of the outer face, that is to say the face opposite the tube 7 of the tile 3a. The strapping wife in the lower part of the tube or a longitudinal support replacing the tube, wife in the upper part the contour of the end of the spout. It is open, with an elastically variable opening width, on the side facing the upper end of the central portion 15 of the tile. In Figures la and lb, as in the following figures, the axial direction is close to the vertical. The lateral sides 4 and 5 of the tile are substantially parallel to the axial direction y. In the lower part, the tile comprises a bifurcated zone 21, in the form of a hook, extending along a limited length along the longitudinal axis x. The inner width e of this bifurcated portion 21 is such that one can insert the upper side 1 of another identical tile 3b. To the left and right of the bifurcated portion 21, the tile 3a has on its inner face (facing the tube) a flat surface 23 devoid of hook, and able to come to bear against an outer face of a second tile 3b .

In other words, the longitudinal positions along the x-axis of the support beakers 9 alternate with the longitudinal positions of the two-bifurcated zones. According to the variant embodiments, the support beakers 9 can be more or less wide, even It is wider than the bifurcated portions 21. In the illustrated example, the support beaks are formed as point protuberances and the bifurcated portion forms a central local trough at the bottom of the tile. To assemble a cladding 18 from the type of tiles 3a, 3b, 3c ..., assembly which can be done for example starting from the bottom of the facade or the roof, one can for example hang the bifid portion 21 to the side upper of the previous tile, come to rest the support beaks 9 on the tube 7 facing the upper side of the tile, set up one or more elastic straps 17 to maintain the top of the tile against the tube 7 , then place on the upper side of the tile thus secured the bifurcated portion 21 of a new tile. The assembly is thus relatively simple and the weight of the tiles at the time of their introduction, and during the establishment of the elastic strapping, is partly supported by the lower tile.

It is noted that the upper side of the tile comprises a first axial portion whose thickness - in the normal direction is substantially constant, this first axial portion having as a mean plane a first geometric assembly plane 13. This first axial portion of end is a first assembly edge of the tile. In the lower part of the tile 3a, the central plate is extended by an overflow portion 24 lying in the same plane as the central plate 15, and forming a second axial portion of substantially constant thickness, and having as a mean plane a plane This second axial end portion constitutes a second assembly edge of the tile. The axial extent of the bifurcated portion 21 is limited, so as not to create interference between the bifurcated portion 21 and the support beaks 9 of the lower tile. The axial extent of the overflow portion 24 is such that this portion hides the tube 7 over at least a portion of the length along the x-axis of the portion 24. This ensures a satisfactory overlap zone between the tile 3a and the tile 3b, and makes the support tube 7 less visible through the superposition of two thicknesses of glass over the tube. Figure 2 illustrates another cladding 19 for roof or facade according to the invention. FIG. 2 shows some of the elements of FIG. 1, the same elements being designated by the same references. As illustrated in Figure 2, a tile 3a includes a central plate 15, a first bifurcated end 21 and a second bifurcated end 22. The bifurcated sections may run all or part of the width along the x axis of the tile .

In this garment 19, the first bifurcated portion located on the lower side 2 of the tile, comprises a first branch 31 and a second branch 32. The second bifurcated portion 22 located on the upper side 1 comprises a third branch 33 and a fourth branch 34. The first branch 31 comprises a first axial portion 11 of constant thickness. The third branch 33 comprises a second axial portion 12 of constant thickness. The average planes of these two axial portions 11 and 12 correspond to geometric planes respectively 14 and 13 parallel to each other.

In the embodiment described, these two planes are even confused. The first leg 31 and the third leg 33 are inserted respectively in a first groove 35 and in a second groove 36 antagonizing a chute 30 extending in the longitudinal direction x. The trough 30 may for example comprise an H-shaped metal frame inside which are cast two tread bottoms 35a and 36a made of elastomer, complementary shapes to the axial ends of the branches 31 and 32. The second branch 32 and the fourth branch 34 are also oriented parallel to the assembly planes 13 and 14, and their lengths in the axial direction are such that when the ends of the branches 31 and 33 are inserted into the chute 30, the ends of the branches 32 and 34 are face, leaving between them a constant interval of reduced thickness E. The game c may for example be of the order of a millimeter or a few millimeters. The width of the trough 30 is such that the trough portion 30 inserted inside each of the two bifurcated portions substantially fills the width of each of these bifurcated portions. This provides a rotational maintenance around the x-axis of each tile end inserted in the chute. The clearance c, and the axial depth of the elastomeric packings 35a and 36a, make it possible to insert each tile between two chutes while these are already fixed to the building. In order to allow both the facing of the first assembly plane 13 and the second assembly plane 14, while trapping one of the sides of the chute inside two facing each other, it is necessary to preferably that the spacing dl of the arms of the first bifurcated portion is substantially equal to the spacing d2 of the arms of the second bifurcated portion. FIG. 3 illustrates a variant embodiment of the garment 19 illustrated in FIG. 2. In this variant embodiment, once the tiles have been put in place by wedging the branches 31 and 33 in the troughs 30, the second branch 32 of the first bifurcated portion and the fourth branch 34 of the second bifurcated portion face each other by two oblique surfaces 43 and 44. Between these two surfaces is also formed a set E.

The oblique surface along which the clearance c extends is inclined so as to direct any infiltration of water opposite the chute 30. A seal 37, for example made of silicone or cast in situ at the time of laying tiles, limits the infiltration of water into the interior of the cladding - that is to the left of the figure-.

FIG. 4 is a third variant embodiment of a garment 19 held by troughs 30. In this embodiment, the upper side 1 is not split, and is inserted into the second groove 36 of trough 30 in place and place of the third branch of the second bifurcated portion 33. The second branch 32 of the first bifurcated portion is of axial length such that it masks a portion of the upper side 1 of the tile from below and the chute 30. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described, and can be declined in many variants. The tiles can be drilled in the upper part and / or in the lower part, to allow to pass means for joining the tiles, such as flexible polymer fasteners or steel wire. The section of the bifid portion may be reproduced identically on four sides of a rectangular tile for the bifurcated sections of the type described in Figure 2, that is to say without overlap between two neighboring tiles. It is also possible to provide the same rectangular tile (not square) with two adjacent two-sided sides and two adjacent single sides, using the bifurcated profile described in Figure 4. The tiles can then be assembled by orienting their small side parallel to the horizontal , or by pointing their long side parallel to the horizontal. The vertical or sloping sides of the tiles can then face or overlap without intermediate chutes, these being then reserved for maintaining the horizontal sides. In this tile configuration, it is also possible to assemble the tiles on vertical parallel supports or arranged along the line of greater slope, with a wedge interposed between a tile and the upper tile. Similarly, a tile may be provided with the upper profile of the tile of Figure 3 on two adjacent sides, and the lower profile of the tile of Figure 3 on the other two sides.

The tile may be made of glass, or plastic, for example transparent plastic material such as polycarbonate, or be made of ceramic material or wood, for applications that do not require transparency of the tile. The tiles according to the invention may be of larger size than conventional tiles, thanks to the ease of the mounting process of these tiles. If the tiles are made of glass, or transparent material, the cladding, or each tile, can then house one or more solar collectors, for example photovoltaic. To simplify the assembly of the cladding, it is possible to assemble photovoltaic sensors on the tile before placing the tiles on the facade or the roof. The central plate of the tile is here described as flat. It may, depending on the variant embodiments, comprise surface reliefs and / or be curved or otherwise corrugated, provided that the parallelism between the assembly ends of the tile fitting into the chute 30 is maintained.

The bifurcated portions may run on a portion only on the tile side, for example in the embodiment of FIG. 1, or if all four sides have bifurcated portions, in which case one or more bifurcated portions may be interrupted at the same time. neighborhood of the corners of the tile. If the tile has a bifurcated portion on one or two opposite sides, the bifurcated portion can run the full width of the tile to better seal between two neighboring tiles. The tiles according to the invention make it possible to facilitate the assembly of the corresponding cladding, therefore, especially when they are made of glass, to enlarge the dimension of the tiles and to couple the tiles to functional elements such as photovoltaic cells. . Solar collectors for heating a fluid can also be placed behind a glass cladding made with tiles according to the invention.

If the tiles are made of glass they can be subjected during their manufacture to a thermal tempering operation to increase their impact resistance. Colored and / or reflective coatings may be applied to the inner face of the tiles (the face on the same side as the tubes or the support channels). Such glass tiles can be used to cover an insulation layer to protect the insulation layer from the weather while providing aesthetics and durability for glass floorings.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Roof tile (3a, 3b, 3c) for covering a roof or a surface, comprising a plate (15) bordered by a first side (1) and a second side (2) substantially parallel to the first side, each side terminating respectively with a first joint edge (11) and a second joint edge (12) respectively located in a first joint plane (13) and a second joint plane (14), characterized in that at least the second side comprises one or more bifurcated portions (21) having a first branch in the assembly plane (14) and a second branch (32) projecting from the assembly plane ( 14). 2. Roof tile according to claim 1, wherein one of the branches (24, 32) of the bifurcated end (21) is longer than the other branch of the bifurcated end. 3. Roof tile according to one of claims 1 or 2, the first side (1) comprises at least one support nose (9) protruding from the first side substantially perpendicular to the central plate (15). 4. Roof tile according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more bifurcated end zones (21) along the second side alternating with flat surface portions (23), the bifurized end zones and the surface portions. being positioned so as to enable the first side (11) of a second identical tile to be inserted inside the bifurcated end zones (21), and to insert the support spouts (9) of the second tile along the flat surfaces (23). 5. Roof tile according to one of claims 1 to 2, the first side (1) is also bifide, and is split into a third branch (33) corresponding to the first assembly edge (11) of the first side, and in a fourth branch (34) bifurcated end (22) projecting from the first assembly plane. 6. Roof tile according to claim 5, wherein each end (21, 22) bifid forms a "Y" with two parallel arms, the spacing of the two arms of the first bifurcated end (21) being substantially equal to the spacing of the arms the second bifurcated end (22). The tile of claim 5, wherein the fourth bifurcated end branch (34) and the second bifurcated end branch (32) have bevels (43,44) of complementary shapes. 8. Roof tile according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a photovoltaic sensor assembled to the tile. 9. Cover assembly (19) for inclined or vertical surface, comprising at least two tiles each comprising a plate (15), bordered by a first side (1) and second side (2) substantially parallel to the first side, each side ending respectively in a first joining edge (11) and a second joining edge (12) located respectively in a first joining plane (13) and in a second joining plane (14), the first and the second side having one or more bifurcated portions (21) having a first limb in the assembly plane and a second limb projecting from the assembly plane, the assembly further comprising at least one spout assembly (30) comprising a first (36) and a second longitudinal groove (35) disposed on either side of the chute and adapted respectively to receive the first assembly edge (11) of a first tile and the second assembly edge (21) of a a tile, inserted in the trough substantially parallel to each other. 10. Cover assembly according to claim 9, wherein the chute has a flange whose thickness substantially corresponds to the spacing remaining between the connecting edges (11, 21) and the projecting portion or portions (32, 34). ) facing them. 11. Cover assembly (18) for inclined or vertical surface, comprising at least two tiles each comprising a plate (15), bordered by a first side (1) and a second side (2) substantially parallel to the first side, each side ending respectively in a first joining edge (11) and in a second joining edge (12) located respectively in a first joining plane (13) and in a second joining plane (14), the second joining edge having one or more bifurcated portions (21) having a first branch in the assembly plane (14) and a second branch projecting from the assembly plane, the assembly further comprising a set of at least two horizontal uprights (7) and comprising at least one elastic strapping means (17) enclosing at least a portion of one of the uprights and at least a portion of the first edge of one of the tiles. 12 Cover assembly according to claim 11, wherein each tile comprises at least one support projection (9) protruding from the first side (1) substantially perpendicular to the central plate (15), and wherein the elastic strapping means ( 17) encloses a portion of one of the uprights (7) and a portion of one of the support spouts (9).