FR2967428A1 - Drainage element for e.g. balcony, of residential building, has profile defining longitudinal drainage duct, and transverse ducts receiving reinforced concrete frames and isolating frames from longitudinal duct - Google Patents

Abstract

The element (10) has a profile (11) defining a longitudinal drainage duct, and transverse ducts (13) passing through the profile, where the transverse ducts are cylindrical tubes that receive reinforced concrete frames and isolate the frames from the longitudinal duct. The profile is U-shaped, and includes side walls (11a) whose ends support a protective grid. The transverse ducts include lights for allowing injection of resin in the transverse ducts after the insertion of the frames. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for manufacturing a slab (2) a construction comprising a facade.

Description

GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the technical field of fluid drainage elements, and more particularly the fluid drainage elements adapted to be inserted into a reinforced concrete structure such as a slab for the realization of a balcony, a loggia or a terrace, so as to form a gutter.

STATE OF THE ART The access of persons with disabilities or reduced mobility to apartment buildings introduces many constraints when designing these structures.

15 In particular, the regulation of certain countries now imposes access constraints for balconies, loggias or terraces of new residential buildings. A balcony is a platform projecting from a facade of a building, being in console from the facade. 20 A loggia is a platform, set back from the facade, which can be closed laterally by two sails, and whose floor can receive a covering. A private terrace is an open platform with no or low slope, which differs from a balcony in that it rests on a building body or is maintained by a structure, connected or not to the building.

In general, the invention relates to outdoor spaces that are accessible only from inside a building. In order to allow access for people with disabilities or reduced mobility, the height of the threshold of access to a balcony, loggia or terrace must be less than or equal to 2 cm, unlike previous achievements 1 30 which used thresholds having heights clearly higher.

This important constraint concerning the height of the thresholds leads to problems with regard to water conservation, which was conventionally ensured because of the greater height of the thresholds.

Indeed, a threshold having a height reduced to 2cm is likely not to be able to retain the water on the balcony, loggia or terrace for example in case of excessive rainfall, and water could enter into housing.

It is therefore necessary to have a water drainage element on the balcony, loggia or terrace, along the threshold. However, the mechanical constraints that must satisfy the balcony make such a provision difficult. Indeed, balconies, loggia or terrace are made of a slab of reinforced concrete, typically located in the extension of a slab forming a floor of the building on which is arranged the balcony, loggia or terrace. The positioning of the metal reinforcements within the slab is important for its mechanical strength, and they must be arranged near the upper face of the slab, for example at a distance of the order of 30 or 36 mm from the surface, in order to reinforce the tensile strength of the upper face of the slab and to give it good mechanical strength while avoiding being exposed to oxidation.

Failure to respect this positioning of the frames can lead to the collapse of a balcony, loggia or terrace, which can have dramatic consequences, particularly in apartment buildings.

Figure 1 presents an example of a current structure to address this issue.

This figure illustrates a front wall 1 of a building, a floor slab 2 on which is disposed a coating 2a, the floor slab 2 forming for example the floor of a floor of this building, and a balcony slab 3 forming the base of a balcony, loggia or terrace of the building. Access to the balcony, loggia or terrace is via a threshold 4, typically a carpentry element forming the frame of a door 25.

In order to minimize the height of the threshold 4, the balcony slab 3 is offset relative to the floor slab 2, and is thus disposed on the front wall 1 at a height less than that of the floor slab 2.

On the balcony slab 3 is disposed an insulating coating 5, and studs 6 serving as support for slabs 6.

This specific structure thus makes it possible to adjust the level of the slabs 6 with respect to the coating 2a of the floor slab 2, while allowing water to be evacuated via a grating 8 allowing the passage of the water towards the internal space defined between the balcony slab 3 and slabs 6, which is then discharged typically via a wash bottle not shown in the figure.

However, this structure is very constraining in terms of construction due to the difference between the floor slab 2 and the balcony slab 3. In fact, this offset does not allow to have the reinforcements of the balcony slab 3 which is extended in the floor slab 2, which considerably complicates the structural constraints in order to have a satisfactory mechanical strength.

According to a variant illustrated in the figure ibis, the floor slab 2 and the balcony slab 3 are aligned, but here is used a removable ramp 2b, typically made of wood to compensate for the height difference between the floor slab 2 and the threshold 4.

This variant is however not satisfactory for the user; it introduces an additional element that encroaches on the internal space (corresponding to the floor slab 2) of the building and is inconvenient to cross.

In addition, these structures require many additional elements compared to a conventional structure of balcony, loggia or terrace, which proves expensive and time consuming.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims at proposing a solution that makes it possible to meet the regulations regarding thresholds for access to balconies, loggia or terraces, while preserving a relatively simple structure, having satisfactory mechanical properties and allowing the flow fluids.

According to a first aspect, the invention proposes a drainage element for a balcony, loggia or terrace, comprising a section defining a longitudinal drainage duct, characterized in that it comprises transverse ducts passing through said profile and adapted to receive reinforcement bars. reinforced concrete and isolate them from the longitudinal duct.

As a variant, this drainage element may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken independently or in combination: the transverse ducts are cylindrical tubes; - The profile is U-shaped and has side walls whose ends support a protective grid; the transverse ducts have an internal diameter of between 26 and 32 mm; - ribs distributed on its outer surface, in the direction of the length; it furthermore comprises transverse blades extending through the profile, from the transverse ducts in the direction of the protective grid, or the transverse ducts comprise lights arranged in said transverse ducts so as to allow the injection of a resin in said transverse conduits once reinforcements have been inserted therein.

According to a second aspect, the invention also relates to a system comprising a drainage element as defined above and reinforcements and a concrete slab, the reinforcements being arranged in the transverse ducts of this drainage element, the drainage element and the reinforcements being poured into the concrete slab.

Alternatively, the frames are made of stainless steel or FEe500 steel.

According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a construction comprising a facade, a floor slab and a reinforced concrete balcony slab, the balcony slab being separated from the floor slab by a threshold, characterized in that the slabs of floor and balcony are aligned, and in that the balcony slab is provided with a drainage element as defined above.

According to a last aspect, the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a reinforced concrete slab provided with a drainage element as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - insertion of metal reinforcements in the transverse ducts of the drainage element, - arrangement of the assembly consisting of the drainage element and the metal reinforcements in a formwork, the drainage element being attached to a wall of the formwork so that its longitudinal duct is isolated from the inside of the formwork, - pouring concrete into the formwork, so as to integrate at least partially the drainage element in the slab thus formed.

PRESENTATION OF FIGURES

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and which should be read with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIGS. 1 and ibis, previously described , present balcony structures according to the state of the art; FIG. 2 shows a balcony structure according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of a drainage element according to one aspect of the invention; FIGS. 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7a and 7b show variations of this drainage element according to several aspects of the invention, - Figure 8 shows a balcony according to one aspect of the invention.

In all the figures, similar elements are identified by identical reference numerals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 2 shows a balcony, loggia or terrace structure according to one embodiment of the invention.

In the same way as in FIG. 1, this figure presents a front wall 1 of a building, a floor slab 2 forming for example the floor of a floor of this building and a balcony slab 3 forming a balcony of the building. The floor slab 2 and the balcony slab 3 are aligned relative to each other, unlike the structure shown in Figure 1.

The threshold 4 is here represented as comprising a rejingot 4a and a drip 4b. The rejingot 4a typically constitutes the support of a door 25, for example a glass door or more generally access means leading from the building to the balcony, loggia or terrace, while the drip edge 4b has a slope oriented towards the balcony, so as to direct the fluids, such as the water flowing on the door or glazing supported by the rejingot 4a, to the balcony and not to the interior of the building.

At the edge of the threshold 4 is a drainage element 10 of fluids, typically a gutter for collecting the fluids on the balcony, loggia or terrace, and thus prevent them from spilling inside. the building.

The drainage element 10 as illustrated comprises a profile 11 defining a longitudinal duct, the profile 11 here having a U-shape comprising two side walls 11a and a base iib and a grid 12, typically removable and placed in support. on the side walls 11a of the profile 11, opening on the upper face of the balcony slab 3. The fluids on the balcony thus flow into the longitudinal duct via the grid 12. The drainage element 10 also comprises one or more transverse ducts 13 passing through the drainage element 10.5. These transverse conduits 13 pass through the reinforcement 20 through the drainage element 10, while keeping them isolated from the longitudinal duct, these reinforcements 20 being typically produced. stainless steel or steel FEe500.

Since the transverse ducts 13 are isolated from the longitudinal duct, the plates 20 are not exposed to the fluid flowing in the longitudinal duct, which makes it possible to preserve them from the risks of corrosion, or more generally the risks of degradation of these reinforcements 20.

The drainage element 10 typically has a depth of between 7 and 10 cm, a width of between 10 and 16 cm and a length of 30, 40 or 50 cm, these dimensions of course being able to be adapted according to the targeted environment. , especially by increasing them in case of an environment with high flow rates of fluids.

Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the drainage element 10; there is found the profile 11 and the transverse ducts 13 of the drainage element 10.

The drainage element 10 as illustrated comprises three transverse ducts 13, thus allowing the passage of as many metal reinforcements. This configuration is given by way of example, and the drainage element 10 may comprise a variable number of transverse conduits 13 evenly distributed or not along its length. According to a particular embodiment, the drainage element 10 comprises several transverse ducts 13, regularly spaced along its length, typically a distance equal to 25 cm, thus making it possible to have a reinforcement regularly distributed in the slab of balcony 3.

The transverse ducts 13 are typically cylindrical tubes having an internal diameter of between 26 and 32 mm, and whose outer diameter is dimensioned so as not to obstruct the flow of fluid in the longitudinal duct of the drainage element 10.

The difference between the internal diameter of the transverse ducts 13 and the external diameter of the reinforcements 20 can make it possible to dispose an insulating element in the transverse ducts 13, or that when the concrete is poured for the realization of the reinforced concrete slab, it comes to fill this space.

In order to adapt to the different widths of bays commonly used in building construction, typically 0.90 m, 1.20 m, 1.60 m or 1.80 m or more, it is possible to define standard lengths drainage elements 10, for example 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm, which will thus obtain the different widths of bays by associating end to end several drainage elements 10.

This specific structure of the drainage element 10 thus makes it possible to produce a channel for the flow of fluids located on the balcony, loggia or terrace, without affecting the positioning of the metal reinforcements 13 necessary for the production of a reinforced concrete slab. .

The transverse ducts 13 make it possible to arrange the metal reinforcements near the upper face of the balcony slab 3, typically 30 or 36 mm from the upper surface of the balcony slab 3, which is subjected to a tensile force and must therefore be strengthened or it does not have sufficient mechanical properties to maintain it. In particular, positioning the reinforcements in the balcony slab 3 below the fluid drainage element 10 does not allow for both sufficient fluid flow and acceptable mechanical strength, which can lead to a collapse. from the balcony due to the tensile break of the balcony slab 3.

The transverse ducts 13 are typically parallel to the upper face of the balcony slab 3, so as to allow a positioning of the reinforcements 20 which is also parallel to this face of the balcony slab 3.

The section 11 of the drainage element 10 may take several forms, and define a longitudinal duct having for example a semicircular or parallelepipedal section with rounded corners. In a variant, the drainage element 10 is provided at each of its longitudinal ends with assembly means, enabling several identical drainage elements 10 to be assembled end to end, or having the end elements in order to close the duct. The assembly means at both ends of the drainage element 10 are typically complementary, so as to facilitate the assembly of two identical drainage elements 10 end to end, allowing to achieve a tight connection, for example by adding a sealing element not shown in the figures.

The drainage element 10 may also comprise evacuations 14 provided in the profile 11, so as to allow easy connection of the longitudinal duct to means for conveying the fluid contained in the longitudinal duct, for example a flexible or rigid pipe in PVC, towards evacuation means such as a squeegee or a siphon. These evacuations 14 may also take the form of pre-cuts or areas with weakenings which will be opened only if necessary depending on the use and positioning of the drainage element 10.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the drainage element 10 comprises a single discharge 14 provided on a side wall of the profile 11, near one of its longitudinal ends or located in the longitudinal axis of the drainage element 10. The drainage element 10 may comprise a second opening, pre-cut or weakened zone arranged at its other end, on the lateral face opposite to that on which the first discharge 14 is arranged, so that that the drainage element 10 can be used regardless of its meaning.

As a variant, such evacuations 14 may be arranged on end elements intended to be placed at the longitudinal ends of the drainage element 10.

According to a variant shown in partial view in FIG. 4, the transverse ducts 13 comprise openings 13b allowing the injection of a material such as a resin into said transverse ducts 13 once the reinforcements 20 have been inserted therein. These lights have for example a slot shape of dimensions 70mm by 10mm and extending along the length of the transverse duct 13, typically on its part intended to be oriented facing the grid 12.

Figure 5 shows a view of another embodiment of the drainage element 10 as previously described.

In this particular embodiment, the drainage element 10 comprises transverse ducts 13, an evacuation 14, assembly means 16 at each of its ends, as well as ribs 15 regularly distributed along the length of the profile 11. gate 12 is here shown disposed on the profile 11, which allows to leave open only the two longitudinal ends of the longitudinal duct defined by the section 11.

The ribs 15 improve the mechanical properties of the drainage element 10 and facilitate its positioning and handling.

Preferably, the drainage element 10 is linear, and the assembly means 16 are of the male / female type for easily assembling two drainage elements 10 end to end.

FIGS. 6a and 6b show two views of another embodiment of the drainage element 10. In this embodiment, the drainage element 10 comprises a drainage water recovery groove 16 contiguous to a side wall. iia profile 11. This groove 16 defines an additional longitudinal conduit, which is connected to the longitudinal conduit defined by the section 11 via openings 17 provided in the side wall iia connecting the section 11 and the groove 16. Figure 6a furthermore presents a fluid conveyance means 22 connected to the drainage element 10 via its evacuation 14, typically in order to convey the fluid from the transverse duct to a wash bottle or a siphon.

Figure 6b shows an example of integration of this embodiment in a balcony panel 3; we find the elements described previously, and which will not be re-detailed here.

The groove 16 is directly following the drip 4b, and is therefore typically used to collect runoff water on the door or any other element supported by the threshold 4. A seal 21 is typically disposed between the drainage element and the threshold 4, so as to avoid moisture accumulation in an internal space defined between the slabs 2 and 3 and the threshold 4. The dimensions of the groove 16 are relatively small, so that it does not interfere not positioning the reinforcements 20 at approximately 30 or 36 mm from the upper face of the balcony slab 3.

For a drainage element 10 having a width of between 10 and 16 cm, the groove 16 will typically have a width of the order of 3 cm.

Figures 7a and 7b illustrate another variant, wherein the drainage element 10 comprises blades 18, typically made of PVC, extending from the transverse conduits 13, to the face of the profile 11 opposite the base iib, that is to say the face where will be arranged the grid 12. The blades 18 thus define an open portion of the longitudinal duct, which extends between the transverse ducts 13 and the base iib of the profile 11, and a portion closed the longitudinal duct, which extends transverse ducts 13 to the grid 12. The blades 18 are typically welded to the transverse ducts 13, and provide better support of the grid 12, strengthen the element of drainage 10 and provide a protective role of the transverse conduits 13 against any inappropriate use, including making it more difficult to access an individual who would like to cut. An individual who wishes to cut the transverse ducts 13 should in fact first cut the blades 18 before being able to affect the transverse ducts 13. The blades 18 typically have a height of the order of 2 cm These blades 18 are optionally provided with openings 19 allowing the drainage element 10 to withstand the fluid flow overloads. In the event of a fluid circulation overload in the longitudinal duct, the fluid will then be able to flow through these grooves 19 so as to avoid an overflow.

Figure 8 shows a balcony, loggia or terrace of a building with a drainage element 10 as defined above.

This figure represents a front wall 1, a floor slab 2 and a balcony slab 3 provided with two drainage elements 10.1 and 10.2 butted to cover the entire width of the threshold 4.

The evacuation 14.1 of one of the drainage elements 10.1 is connected to a fluid conveying means 22, which will convey the fluid to a bottle 23 protruding from the balcony slab 3, thus allowing it to be discharged to outside.

The evacuation 14.2 of the other drainage element 10.2 is in turn closed, or not open in the case of pre-cuts.

The two longitudinal ends of the assembly constituted by the drainage elements 10.1 and 10.2 assembled are closed, in order to isolate the longitudinal duct of the balcony slab 3.

The realization of a balcony slab 3 provided with such a drainage element 10 is also relatively easy. The drainage element 10 is first prepared, for example by assembling several end-to-end, obstructing the longitudinal ends of the assembly formed by these abutting draining elements, and connecting them if necessary to means of fluid flow. The transverse reinforcements are then arranged in the transverse ducts 13 of the drainage element 10, these reinforcements being typically then connected to each other by means of a longitudinal reinforcement perpendicular to the transverse reinforcement, and allowing them to be held in position by one another. compared to others. The assembly is then placed in position in a formwork, the open face of the drainage element 10 corresponding to the face on which the grid 12 will be arranged being contiguous to a wall of the formwork so that it is not no concrete flows into the longitudinal duct. The assembly is in particular held in position thanks to the metal reinforcements, and more particularly to the possible longitudinal metal reinforcement (s), which are connected to the reinforcing structure of the slab, for example by welding. The concrete is then poured into the formwork, so as to form the balcony slab 3 provided with a drainage element 10, which thus forms a channel in the balcony slab 3.

The invention thus makes it possible to obtain a simple balcony, loggia or terrace structure that meets accessibility standards, while having sufficient mechanical strength and fluid drainage capabilities.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Drainage element (10) for a balcony, loggia or terrace, comprising a profile (11) defining a longitudinal drainage duct, characterized in that it comprises transverse ducts (13) passing through said profile and adapted to receive reinforcements (20). ) of reinforced concrete and isolate them from the longitudinal duct. 2. drainage element (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transverse conduits (13) are cylindrical tubes. 3. drainage element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the section (11) is U-shaped and has side walls (11b) whose ends support a protective grid (12). 4. drainage element (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the transverse ducts (13) comprise openings (13a) arranged in said transverse ducts (13) so as to allow the injection of a resin in said transverse ducts (13) once reinforcements (20) have been inserted therein. 5. drainage element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises transverse blades extending through the profile, from the transverse ducts towards the protective grid (12). 6. drainage element (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transverse ducts (13) have an internal diameter of between 26 and 32 mm. 7. drainage element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises stiffening ribs (15) distributed along its length, on its outer surface. 8. System comprising a drainage element (10) according to one of the preceding claims and reinforcements (20) and a concrete slab, the reinforcements (20) being arranged in the transverse ducts (13) of this drainage element ( 10), the drainage element and the reinforcements being poured into the concrete slab. 9. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the armatures (20) are made of stainless steel or steel FEe500. 10. A method of manufacturing a concrete slab (3) provided with a drainage element (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - insertion of metal reinforcements (20) in the transverse ducts (13) of the drainage element (10), - arrangement of the assembly consisting of the drainage element (10) and the metal reinforcements (20) in a formwork, drainage element (10) being attached to a wall of the formwork so that its longitudinal duct is isolated from the inside of the formwork, - pouring concrete into the formwork, so as to integrate at least partially the element of drainage (10) in the slab (3) thus formed. 25 11. Construction comprising a facade (1), a floor slab (2) and a balcony slab (3) of reinforced concrete, the balcony slab (3) being separated from the floor slab (2) by a threshold ( 4), characterized in that the floor slabs (2) and balcony (3) are aligned, and in that the balcony slab (3) 30 is provided with a drainage element (10) according to one of Claims 17 to 7.