EP3106576A1 - Pre-fabricated semi-ribbed balcony - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated balcony (1), at least partly made of a hydraulic material, having a free end (2) and a fixed end (3), opposite to the free end (2) and intended for to come to be positioned at least near a facade of a construction, this prefabricated balcony (1) comprising at least one plate (4). This balcony (1) is characterized in that the plate (4) comprises: a solid portion (5), made of a solid material, extending from the fixed end (3) and toward the free end (2), this over a portion of the length of the tray (4); ); - A hollow portion (6) having at least one cavity (7), and extending from the solid portion (5) and towards the free end (2).

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated balcony and to an assembly comprising such a prefabricated balcony.

The invention relates to the field of the building and, more particularly, that of the manufacture, in the factory, of building elements intended to be used for the realization of a construction. The invention will find, then, more particularly, an application in the context of a building element consisting of a prefabricated balcony.

Already known, prefabricated balconies comprising, on the one hand, a plate usually made of concrete and, on the other hand, reinforcements having an internal portion extending inside a such tray and an outer portion extending outside of such a tray, and intended to extend within a slab that includes a construction.

In this regard, it will be observed that such prefabricated balcony is made of a solid material so that it has a relatively high weight which substantially limits its slenderness. In addition, during the realization of a construction, such prefabricated balcony is positioned in front of this construction, this by means of a hoist. Again, because of the high weight of such a prefabricated balcony, it is necessary to use lifting gear specifically sized on the basis of such a weight having the effect of significantly increase the costs of lifting.

As mentioned above, such a prefabricated balcony also includes reinforcements whose outer part is intended to be embedded inside the slab of the building.

Because of the high weight of the balcony, it is necessary to use reinforcements likely to resume the significant efforts generated by this high weight. Also, it is usually used metal frames that have the disadvantages, on the one hand, to contribute to the weight of the balcony and, on the other hand, to generate, between the balcony and the slab, a thermal bridge detrimental to the thermal insulation of the building.

In order to limit such a thermal bridge, it has been imagined to resort to particular reinforcement constituted by thermal bridge breakers.

In this respect, it will be observed that the conventional thermal bridge breakers do not make it possible to recover the significant efforts generated by the weight of the balcony. Also, to resume these efforts, it was necessary to develop specific thermal bridge breakers that are less thermally efficient and more expensive than traditional thermal bridge breakers, themselves substantially more expensive than the metal frames.

In addition and taking into account the fact that the reinforcements in the form of thermal bridge breakers are also mechanically less efficient (more fragile) than the metal reinforcements, it is necessary to increase the density of these thermal bridge breakers with respect to the metal reinforcements. which reduces thermal performance and increases the cost of the balcony.

The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of prefabricated balconies of the state of the art.

• une portion pleine, réalisée en un matériau plein, s'étendant à partir de l'extrémité fixe et en direction de l'extrémité libre, ceci sur une partie de la longueur du plateau ;
• une portion creuse, comportant au moins une cavité, et s'étendant à partir de la portion pleine et en direction de l'extrémité libre.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a prefabricated balcony, at least partly made of a hydraulic material, having a free end and a fixed end, opposite to the free end and intended to be positioned at least close to a facade of a building. This prefabricated balcony has at least one tray and is characterized in that this tray comprises:

• a solid portion, made of a solid material, extending from the fixed end and towards the free end, this over a portion of the length of the tray;
• a hollow portion, having at least one cavity, and extending from the solid portion and towards the free end.

Another feature is that the solid portion has a receiving portion, extending from the hollow portion and toward the fixed end, and having an upper face for receiving a floor.

According to another characteristic, this solid portion also comprises a threshold, extending between the fixed end and the receiving part, and surmounting said upper face intended to receive the floor.

Yet another feature is that the solid portion has means for evacuation of rainwater. These evacuation means comprise, extending between the fixed end and the receiving part, at least one cunette and / or at least one receiving housing of a caillebottis or a grid. Alternatively or additionally, these evacuation means may, at least in part, be constituted by an inclination, with respect to the horizontal and towards the free end and / or the fixed end, of the surface of the upper face of the receiving part and / or of the surface of an upper face of a block, which comprises the solid part, and which extends between two ribs, which comprises the solid part, and which comprise the part receptor.

An additional feature is that the hollow portion extends to the free end, this over a portion of the length of the tray, complementary to the length of the solid portion.

Yet another characteristic consists in that the hollow portion comprises at least one bottom and at least two ribs, on the one hand, projecting in relation to such a bottom, this between the solid portion and the end free and, on the other hand, having a receiving portion having an upper face for receiving a floor.

An additional feature is that the solid portion has an upper face extending in a plane and that the hollow portion has an upper face extending in a plane at least parallel to the plane, or even confused with the plane, in which extends from the upper face of the solid portion.

An additional feature is that the balcony comprises reinforcements each comprising, on the one hand, an outer armature portion extending outside the plate, from the fixed end, and in an opposite direction. at the free end and, on the other hand, an inner portion extending at least inside the solid portion of the tray. These frames are made of a material reducing heat transmission and / or a corrosion resistant material.

This balcony comprises thermal insulation means, equipping the solid portion of the plate, and extending from this solid portion and in a direction opposite to that of the free end.

The invention also relates to an assembly comprising a prefabricated balcony and a floor surmounting this prefabricated balcony. In this set, the prefabricated balcony has the characteristics described above.

Thus, the prefabricated balcony according to the invention comprises a plate having a solid portion and a hollow portion.

The presence of a solid portion makes it possible to achieve a continuous linear connection between, on the one hand, the balcony and, on the other hand, the facade or the slab. This solid portion does not require grouping the reinforcements punctually but allows to distribute these reinforcements over the entire length of the fixed end of the balcony. This allows, advantageously, to distribute the efforts appropriately, this to the right of the most mechanically stressed area.

In addition, the presence of such a solid portion also makes it possible to interpose insulation means between, on the one hand, the balcony and, on the other hand, the facade or the slab, this over the entire length from the fixed end of this balcony.

The fact that the balcony has a hollow portion advantageously makes it possible to reduce the amount of material required for the manufacture of such a balcony and thus reduce the cost of manufacture. The presence of this hollow portion also makes it possible to lighten such a balcony compared to the balconies of the state of the art. Such lightening advantageously makes it possible to reduce the density of thermal breakers and / or to consider the use of conventional thermal bridge breakers, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of the balcony. Such lightening also makes it possible to increase the slenderness of such a balcony and / or to reduce the lifting costs of such a balcony.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description relating to embodiments which are given by way of indicative and non-limiting examples.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématisée et en perspective d'un balcon préfabriqué conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue schématisée du balcon illustré figure 1, ceci en coupe selon un plan, s'étendant perpendiculairement au plateau, longitudinalement par rapport à une nervure, et traversant une telle nervure ;
• la figure 3 est une vue similaire à la figure 2 et correspondant à une coupe selon un plan s'étendant perpendiculairement au plateau, longitudinalement par rapport à une nervure, et entre deux nervures.

The understanding of this description will be facilitated by reference to the appended drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a prefabricated balcony according to the invention;
• the figure 2 is a schematic view of the illustrated balcony figure 1 this in section along a plane, extending perpendicularly to the plate, longitudinally with respect to a rib, and passing through such a rib;
• the figure 3 is a view similar to the figure 2 and corresponding to a section on a plane extending perpendicularly to the plate, longitudinally with respect to a rib, and between two ribs.

The invention relates to the field of the building and, more particularly, that of the manufacture, in the factory, of building elements intended to be used for the realization of a construction.

In fact, the present invention relates to a building element consisting of a prefabricated balcony 1.

Such prefabricated balcony 1 is at least partly made of a hydraulic material and has a free end 2 and a fixed end 3, opposite to the free end 2, and intended to be positioned at least near a facade of a construction, even applied against a veil that includes such a facade.

This prefabricated balcony 1 comprises at least one plate 4 having two long sides, one of which is intended to constitute the upper face of this plate 4 while the other is intended to constitute the lower face of this plate 4, this after positioning of said prefabricated balcony 1 in front of the building.

According to the invention, this plate 4 comprises a solid portion 5, made of a solid material, extending from the fixed end 3 and towards the free end 2, this on a part of the length of the plate 4.

This plate 4 also comprises a hollow portion 6, comprising at least one cavity 7, and extending from the solid portion 5 and toward the free end 2.

As regards the solid portion 5, the latter 5 extends, from the fixed end 3, over a length corresponding to at least one fifth of the length of the plate 4 and / or over a length of at least 40cm.

According to a preferred embodiment, this solid portion 5 extends over a length corresponding to at least a quarter of the length of the plate 4 and / or over a length of at least 50 cm.

Whatever the case may be, this solid portion 5 extends over a length corresponding to at most half, preferably at most one-third, of the length of the plate 4.

Another characteristic of this solid portion 5 consists in that it comprises a receiving part 50, extending from the hollow portion 6 and in the direction of the fixed end 3, and having an upper face 51 intended to receive ( directly or indirectly) a P. floor

As can be seen in the appended figures, this solid portion 5 may, again, comprise a threshold 52 extending between the fixed end 3 and the receiving part 50, and surmounting said upper face 51 intended to receive the floor P.

More particularly, this threshold 52 extends from the fixed end 3 and up to the receiving part 50.

In fact, this threshold 52 is made of material with the solid portion 5.

Another feature is that the solid portion 5 comprises at least two ribs 53, extending between the fixed end 3 and the hollow portion 6, and having said receiving portion 50 having the upper face 51 intended to receive (directly or indirectly) a P floor

According to a preferred embodiment, this solid portion 5 preferably comprises at least three ribs 53, which have the characteristics mentioned above, and which are then regularly spaced.

In any event, said ribs 53 are parallel and extend, more particularly, to the fixed end 3 of the balcony 1.

Yet another feature is that said solid portion 5 comprises at least one block 54, extending between the two ribs 53 or between two of said ribs 53, so that such a block 54 is interposed between these two ribs 53 or between two of said ribs 53. Such a block 54 also extends between the fixed end 3 and the hollow portion 6. In fact, such a block 54 can extend from this fixed end 3 and / or up to the hollow portion 6. Such a block 54 has an upper face 55, at least a portion of which is surmounted by the upper face 51 of the ribs 53. Such a block 54 is preferably made of material with these ribs 53.

Another characteristic of the invention consists in that the solid portion 5 of the balcony 1 comprises means for evacuating rainwater 8.

In fact and according to a first embodiment, these evacuation means 8 comprise, extending between the fixed end 3 and the receiving part 50, at least one cunette and / or at least one housing 80 for receiving a 81 gratings or a grating.

Such a casette and / or such housing 80 extend longitudinally and laterally with respect to the fixed end 3. Such a casette and / or such housing 81 extending, more particularly, between the threshold 52 and the receiving party 50.

Alternatively or additionally, these rainwater evacuation means 8 may, again, be at least partly constituted by an inclination, with respect to the horizontal and in the direction of the free end 2 and / or the fixed end 3, the surface of the upper face 51 of the receiving portion 50 and / or the surface of the upper face 55 of the block 54 or blocks 54 as mentioned above.

An additional feature is that said solid portion 5 may comprise an end wall extending from the fixed end 3 and towards the hollow portion 6, in particular to the receiving portion 50. end wall may then include said threshold 52.

As mentioned above, the balcony 1 has a hollow portion 6.

In fact, this hollow portion 6 extends to the free end 2, this over a portion of the length of the plate 4, complementary to the length of the solid portion 5.

This hollow portion 6 comprises at least one bottom 60 and at least two ribs 61, on the one hand, projecting in relation to such a bottom 60, this between the solid portion 5 and the free end 2 and on the other hand, having a receiving portion 62 having an upper face 63 for receiving (directly or indirectly) a floor P.

According to a preferred embodiment, this hollow portion 6 preferably comprises at least three ribs 61, which have the characteristics mentioned above, and which are then regularly spaced.

Anyway, said ribs 61 of the hollow portion 6 are parallel to each other and extend from the solid portion 5 and in the extension of this solid portion 5, more particularly from the ribs 53 that comprises this solid portion 5 and in the extension of these ribs 53.

In fact, these ribs 61 extend, more particularly, to the free end 2 of the balcony 1.

A particular embodiment of the invention consists in that the prefabricated balcony 1 comprises at least two ribs, each extending between the free end 2 and the fixed end 3, and each constituted in part by one of the ribs 53. of the solid portion 5 and in part by one of the ribs 61 of the hollow portion 6.

Another feature is that the hollow portion 6 may, again, have an end wall 64 which extends from the free end 2 and towards the solid portion 5.

As mentioned above, the hollow portion 6 comprises at least one cavity 7. In fact, this or these cavities 7 are defined at least by the bottom 60 or by one of the bottoms 60, by the two ribs 61 or by two of the ribs 61, as well as the solid portion 5 (more particularly by a block 54 that comprises this solid portion 5) and / or by the end wall 64.

As visible on the figure 1 this hollow portion 6 comprises a plurality of cavities 7 each defined by one of the bottoms 60, by two of the ribs 61, as well as by the solid portion 5 and / or by the end wall 64.

In addition or alternatively to the solid portion 5, the hollow portion 6 may include means for evacuating rainwater 9.

According to a first embodiment, these evacuation means 9 comprise at least one cunette 90 that comprise the bottom 60 or the bottoms 60 of this hollow portion 6.

Such a cunette 90 extends longitudinally and laterally with respect to the solid portion 5 and / or with respect to the end wall 64 of this hollow portion 6.

In fact, such a cunette 90 extends near said solid portion 5 and / or near said end wall 64 (as visible figures 1 and 2 ).

Another characteristic is that such a casing 90 extends transversely with respect to the ribs 61 of the hollow portion 6.

Alternatively or additionally, the rainwater evacuation means 9 may at least partly be constituted by an inclination, with respect to the horizontal and towards the free end 2 and / or the fixed end 3 , the surface of the bottom 60 or the bottoms 60 of the hollow portion 6.

Additionally, the rainwater discharging means 9 may also comprise at least one orifice 91 passing through at least one of the ribs 61 and / or at least the end wall 64.

As mentioned above, the solid portion 5 has an upper face 51 (more particularly defined by the upper face 51 of the ribs 53 that comprises this solid portion 5) and the hollow portion 6 has an upper face 63 (more particularly defined by the upper face 63 of the ribs 61 that includes this hollow portion 6). This upper face 63 extends in a plane at least parallel to a plane, or even (and preferably) coincident with a plane, in which the upper face 51 of the solid portion 5 extends.

This or these upper faces (51; 63) can receive means for accommodating the floor P, such means may take the form of a cord made of a resilient material.

Another characteristic consists in that the balcony 1 comprises reinforcements 10 each comprising, on the one hand, an external part 100 of reinforcement extending outside the plate 4, starting from the fixed end 3, and in a direction opposite to the free end 2 and, on the other hand, an inner part 101 extending at least inside the solid portion 5 of the plate 4, more particularly inside the ribs 53 and / or block 54 or blocks 54 of this solid portion 5.

According to a particular embodiment, these reinforcements also extend inside the hollow portion 6, more particularly inside at least one of the ribs 61 of this hollow portion 6.

In fact, these frames 10 are made of a material reducing the heat transmission (especially of an insulating material) and / or a material resistant to corrosion.

According to a preferred embodiment, these armatures 10 are constituted by thermal bridge breakers.

Yet another feature is that the balcony 1 comprises thermal insulation means 11, equipping the solid portion 5 of the plate 4 (more particularly the fixed end 3), and extending from this solid portion 5 ( more particularly from the fixed end 3) and in a direction opposite to that of the free end 2.

These thermal insulation means 11 may be of the point type or (and preferably) of continuous type and extend, then, all along the fixed end 3 of the balcony as visible figure 1 .

These insulation means 11 are, then, intended to come between the tray 4 and, depending on the case, the slab or facade of the construction.

As mentioned above, the prefabricated balcony 1 is made of a hydraulic material. In fact, this prefabricated balcony 1 can be made of traditional concrete but can also be at least partly made of a concrete containing fibers, especially ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPC), and / or resin.

Finally, the invention relates to an assembly comprising a prefabricated balcony 1 and a floor P overlying this prefabricated balcony 1.

In this set, the prefabricated balcony 1 has the characteristics described above.

In addition, in this assembly, the floor P comprises plates P ', blades, slats or even at least a grating 81 or at least one grate for the evacuation of rainwater.

Claims (15)

Prefabricated balcony (1), at least partly made of a hydraulic material, having a free end (2) and a fixed end (3), opposite to the free end (2) and intended to be positioned at least near a facade of a building, this prefabricated balcony (1) comprising at least one plate (4), characterized in that the plate (4) comprises: a solid portion (5), made of a solid material, extending from the fixed end (3) and toward the free end (2), this over a portion of the length of the tray (4); ); - A hollow portion (6) having at least one cavity (7), and extending from the solid portion (5) and towards the free end (2). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the solid portion (5) extends from the fixed end (3) over a length corresponding to at least one fifth of the length of the plate ( 4) and / or over a length of at least 40cm. Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid portion (5) comprises, on the one hand, a receiving portion (50), extending from the hollow portion (6) ) and towards the fixed end (3), and having an upper face (51) intended to receive a floor (P), and, on the other hand, a threshold (52), extending between the end fixed (3) and the receiving part (50), and surmounting said upper face (51) intended to receive the floor (P). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid portion (5) comprises, on the one hand, a receiving portion (50), extending from the hollow portion (6) ) and towards the fixed end (3), and having a face upper (51) for receiving a floor (P) and, on the other hand, means for discharging rain water (8) comprising, extending between the fixed end (3) and the receiving portion (50) at least one cunette and / or at least one housing (80) for receiving a grating (81) or a grating. Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid portion (5) comprises, on the one hand, a receiving portion (50), extending from the hollow portion (6) ) and in the direction of the fixed end (3), and having an upper face (51) for receiving a floor (P) and, on the other hand, means for evacuating rainwater (8) at least in part consisting of an inclination, with respect to the horizontal and towards the free end (2) and / or the fixed end (3), of the surface of the upper face (51) of the receiving part ( 50) and / or the surface of an upper face (55) of a block (54), which comprises the solid part (5), and which extends between two ribs (53), that comprises the solid part (5), and which comprise the receiving part (50). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow portion (6) extends to the free end (2), this over a portion of the length of the tray (4). ), complementary to the length of the solid portion (5). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow portion (6) comprises at least one bottom (60) and at least two ribs (61), on the one hand, extending projecting from such a bottom (60), this between the solid portion (5) and the free end (2) and, on the other hand, having a receiving portion (62) having a top face (63) ) for receiving a floor (P). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cavity (7) or cavities (7) of the hollow portion (6) are defined at least by the bottom (60) or by one of the funds (60), by the two ribs (61) or by two ribs (61), as well as the solid portion (5) and / or an end wall (64), which the hollow portion (6) comprises, and which extends from the free end ( 2) and towards the solid portion (5). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow portion (6) comprises means for discharging rainwater (9) comprising at least one cunette (90) that comprise the bottom (60) or the funds (60) of this hollow portion (6). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow portion (6) comprises means for discharging rain water (9) at least partly constituted by an inclination, with respect to the horizontal and in direction of the free end (2) and / or the fixed end (3), the bottom surface (60) or the bottoms (60) of the hollow portion (6). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow portion (6) comprises means for discharging rain water (9) comprising at least one orifice (91) passing through at least one of the ribs (61) and / or at least one end wall (64), which includes the hollow portion (6), and which extends from the free end (2) and towards the solid portion (5). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid portion (5) has an upper face (51) extending in a plane and the hollow portion (6) has an upper face. (63) extending in a plane at least parallel to the plane, or even coincides with the plane, wherein extends from the upper face (51) of the solid portion (5). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises armatures (10) each comprising, on the one hand, an outer armature portion extending (100) to outside the plate (4), from the fixed end (3), and in a direction opposite to the free end (2) and, on the other hand, a internal portion (101) extending at least within the solid portion (5) of the tray (4). Prefabricated balcony (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the armatures (10) are made of a material that reduces the heat transfer and / or a material resistant to corrosion. Prefabricated balcony (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises thermal insulation means (11), on the one hand, equipping the solid portion (5) of the plate (4), and extending from this solid portion (5) and in a direction opposite to that of the free end (2).

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