FR2961235A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE INTEGRATED INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANELS, PARTICULARLY PHOTOVOLTAIC, ON THE ROOF OF A BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the integrated installation on the roof of a building of rigid solar panels (550), in particular photovoltaic, comprising: - first means (310, 210, 110) placed on the frame of the roof and able to fix the solar panels (550); - Second means (910), integrated with the first, and able to prevent the fall of personnel involved during the installation or maintenance of solar panels (550).

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method for the integrated laying of solar panels, in particular photovoltaic panels, on the roof of a building. More particularly, the invention aims to ensure the safety of personnel involved during operations of installation and subsequent maintenance of solar panels on the roof. The so-called solar panels include all types of panels connected to a distribution network and able to capture solar energy to redistribute it remotely via said distribution network. It is more particularly, but not exclusively, photovoltaic panels, able to redistribute energy in electrical form, or panels for heating a heat transfer fluid whose circulation in the network allows a thermal redistribution of this energy. The integrated installation of solar panels on the roof, corresponds to the installation of rigid modules, in particular photovoltaic, parallel to the initial slope of the roof, on all or part of the roof surface, said panels ensuring the enclosed and the roof of the building. place and place of the initial cover on the surface they cover. In accordance with the legislation of several European countries, particularly France, so-called integrated installation implies that the solar panels ensure the watertightness of the roof so that the disassembly of a panel causes the loss of this seal. The invention is more particularly intended for the installation of solar panels on the framework of an existing roof in place of a traditional cover initially laid. However, the invention is adaptable to the installation of a new roof. It is suitable for slopes ranging from 7% to 100%.

The integrated installation, on the roof, of an energy production facility based on solar panels uses particular skills that, according to the prior art, are divided between several trades such as roofer, carpenter, electrician or bricklayer when the modifications made to the frame require consequent rework. Compared with conventional roofing elements such as tiles, shingles or slates, solar modules are of different sizes, require the implementation of different sealing techniques, clapboard installation of these modules is generally unfavorable in terms of energy efficiency, transmit to the frame loads and solicitations substantially different from the load transmitted by the initial coverage and are subject to different technical constraints or modified compared to the traditional coverage. Finally, basic maintenance operations, such as cleaning panels, may be more frequent than for traditional coverage and above all use different qualified personnel such as an electrician or a plumber. According to the prior art, to meet these integrated laying constraints, the implementation devices often involve the replacement of all or part of the existing framework, the solar modules being fixed on a structure taking the place of the rafters. Installation sites then require significant resources. These installation devices are rarely suitable for laying on residential building structures of suburban type whose frame is made by farms without breakdown. The French patent application FR-A-2924729 describes such an integrated laying device where the rafters of the initial framework are replaced by profiles able to support the panels. The installation of such a device causes a time of discovery of the building important. The aim of the invention is to propose an advantageous device and method of installation compared to the prior art, for the integrated installation of solar panels on the roof without dismantling the existing framework, both on an industrial framework and on a truss structure, limiting the work done in height and the time of discovery of the building. The invention also aims to simplify assembly operations and subsequent maintenance operations by integrating the installation device elements for the safety of people on the roof during these operations. To this end the invention relates to a device for the integrated laying of rigid solar panels, including photovoltaic, on the roof of a building which device comprises: - first means placed on the roof structure and able to fix the solar panels ; second means, integrated with the first, and able to prevent the fall of personnel involved during the installation or maintenance of solar panels. The safety means being integrated in the installation device, these are available at the time of installation of the solar panels on the roof. The invention can be implemented according to the advantageous embodiments described below, which can be considered individually or in any technically operative combination. According to a first embodiment, the second means comprise a removable guard. Positioned at the bottom of the slope, it constitutes a collective protection preventing the fall of people and materials placed on the coverage area by solar panels and in the vicinity of this area during the installation phase. The guard is removable, it is then removed and can be replaced for maintenance operations that require it.

According to a second embodiment, the second means comprise anchors for personal protective equipment. By connecting their personal protective equipment to these anchors, personnel working on the roof can move safely over the entire roof.

Advantageously, the anchors are removably attached to the first means between the solar panels. Thus, if the anchors remain fixed, they are always available for any roofing intervention after installation, or alternatively they can be dismantled so as not to generate shadow on the solar modules, they are then easily reinstalled for intervention higher. According to a preferred embodiment the device comprises a corrugated sheet metal section, in interface with the frame and fixed thereto, said section extending in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the plane of the corrugation. This profile is a solid anchoring base and thin.

Its flexibility allows it to adapt to slight transverse flatness defects of the roof renovation when laying on rafters. Moreover, the corrugation of the profile ensures good ventilation of both the frame and the underside of the solar panels. According to an advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a fastener adapted to be fixed on a wave portion projecting from the corrugated metal profile and extending in its longitudinal direction, the section of said fastener comprising for its fixing two wings forming a tangent profile to that of the protruding wave portion. This fastener intervenes as anchoring interface for solar panels and personal protective equipment while limiting the height of the stack placed on the frame.

Advantageously, the section of the fastener comprises a sole plate forming a laying plane extending in a plane parallel to a plane tangent to the top of the wave portion projecting from the corrugated sheet metal profile. This console sole creates a laying plan for transverse support profiles of the solar panels. Thus, the combination of fasteners and transverse support profiles makes it possible to recreate a flat laying surface capable of receiving the solar panels even if the original framework on which the device is placed has flatness defects. Advantageously, the device comprises a profile of substantially U-shaped section adapted to be placed between two fasteners aligned in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Thus, in addition to serving as a transverse support for the solar panels and create in combination with the fasteners a flat reference surface for the installation of these panels, this profile is able to ensure a draining function of the flowing water between two panels juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction. Thanks to this drainage function, it is not necessary to install corrugated metal profiles on the whole of the structural surface receiving the solar panels, which makes it possible to limit the mass added by the device to the framework and also allows to promote the ventilation of solar panels, especially when it comes to photovoltaic panels whose performance deteriorates with the increase in temperature. According to a preferred embodiment, the U-shaped profile comprises means capable of immobilizing it in translation and in rotation in a direction normal to the laying plane when it is secured to the fastener. Thus, this profile, in addition to its support and drainage functions, can be used for fixing solar panels. Advantageously, the device comprises means adapted to fix on the fastener, anchors for personal protective equipment. By using the same elements for supporting and fixing the solar panels as well as for anchoring personal protective equipment, the device that is the subject of the invention limits the number of parts required for installation, which facilitates the installation and reduces costs.

The invention also relates to a method of installing solar panels on a roof using a device according to the invention, said method comprising a step of drilling holes in the corrugated metal profiles for fastening the fasteners with the aid of a drilling template including a frame. This frame makes it possible to create a plane reference, guaranteeing a correct fit of the profiles on the support device object of the invention. According to a particular embodiment of this method, the frame extends between at least two corrugated sheet sections. According to a variant of this method, whatever its embodiment, the drilling step is performed while the corrugated metal profiles are fixed on the roof. This variant is advantageous in the case of a renovation installation where the flatness of the frame itself is insufficient for it can serve as a reference for the support of solar panels. The invention will now be more specifically described in the context of preferred embodiments, in no way limiting, and FIGS. 1 to 14, in which: FIG. 1 represents exemplary embodiments of the fasteners used by the device which is the subject of the invention . For industrial structure installations in section (Figure 1A), for use on installation on trusses (Figure 1 B) and in perspective (Figure 1 C); FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment, in section, of a transverse support profile; - Figure 3 illustrates in perspective an embodiment of a corrugated sheet metal profile or tray with fasteners installed on said profile; - Figures 4 and 5 show an example of installation of solar panels on the roof using the device of the invention, according to a front view and in partial section (Figure 4) and in plan view (Figure 5); Figure 6 shows in section A-A (see Figure 5) an embodiment of the clamping of the solar panels on the transverse support profiles; Figure 7 shows in perspective a clip for temporarily fixing the solar panels on the fasteners; - Figure 8 is a perspective representation of two embodiments of flanges for fixing solar panels; Figures 9 and 10 show in section in orthogonal planes an embodiment of fixing anchors for personal protective equipment on the fasteners; 11 shows, in profile and in section, an embodiment of the device object of the invention for installing a removable guardrail end of a roof; FIG. 12 shows, in section and from the front, wave reinforcing profiles of a corrugated sheet metal tank, in particular for fastening a railing at the end of the roof; FIG. 13 illustrates in section D-D (see FIG. 14) and from the front a drilling template for the bins for the installation of the fasteners; and FIG. 14 is a top view of an embodiment of a drilling template for installing the fasteners on the corrugated metal trays. Figures 1 to 3, the device for the installation of solar panels on the roof is based on three main components which are standardized and allow, with a limited number of references, the installation both on roofs of industrial buildings, for example on breakdowns metal with or without 30 rafters, only on roofs of suburban houses, whose framework can notably be made up of light trusses triangulated without breakdowns.

Figure 3, a corrugated sheet (310), or tray type BACACIER ® is used in interface with the frame. Two types of profiles, made of galvanized or corrosion-resistant steel, characterized by different wavelengths (0), can be used. The wavelength refers to the amplitude of the undulations of the highest protruding portions (301) measured in the wave plane (320) of the profile. Typically a profile of lower wavelength, said to be small wave, is used for installations on the frame of a suburban type dwelling. Advantageously, profiles of thickness between 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm for wavelengths between 18 mm and 33 mm depending on the type of frame are used. These profiles are installed on the frame, so that the corrugation plane (320) is substantially perpendicular to the direction (P) of the slope. In addition to providing a sealing function, the corrugated metal profile provides an essential mechanical function by draining all the forces that the installation is subjected to the framework. It allows to drain these forces on a large support surface, ensuring that they are taken up by many structural elements and reproducing a loading system comparable to that of the initial cover. Its relative flexibility with respect to the normal stressing moments of the corrugation plane allows it to be installed and to drain the forces towards the framework even when it presents flatness defects. Advantageously, the bins used comprise a vapor barrier coating on their inner face which, once the bins are placed, is turned towards the inside of the room covered by the device which is the subject of the invention. By their undulation they allow a good ventilation of both the frame and the underside of the panels. Figure 1, fasteners (110, 120) provide a fixing interface between the tray (310) and the solar panel cover and with different safety devices. Two types of fasteners allow to meet almost all needs, a standard fastener (110) and a reduced height fastener (120) adapted for use on a small-wave tray, used in particular for installations on frameworks without failure. These fasteners (110, 120) are cut in extruded profiles, preferably made of an aluminum alloy, type AA6060, resistant to corrosion. 1A and 1B, according to an exemplary embodiment, the fastener comprises, in section, an inner sole (111, 121) from which start two first wings (112, 122) extending in the plane of the section in one direction. forming an acute angle (a) with the inner sole (111, 121), so that the opening between these two wings forms a profile tangential to the highest projecting portions (301) of the tray (310). Figure 1C these wings (112, 122) allow to fix the fastener (110, 120) on the tray 10 by riveting, through holes (115) provided for this purpose. Watertight rivets, preferably in stainless steel, are used for this purpose. Returning to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the fastener (110, 120) also comprises, in its section, at least one console sole (113, 123) extending in a plane parallel to the inner sole (111), and which defines a first laying plane (1131, 1231). This laying plane cooperates with a stiffener (1132, 1232) projecting from the plane of installation of the soleplate (113, 123), for the positioning of a support profile of the solar panels. The upper part of the fastener (110, 120) is substantially U-shaped in which U is formed by the insole (111, 121) and two upper wings (116, 117 and 126, 127) which also define a return to their summit a second laying plane (1160, 1260) parallel and remote from the first laying plane (1131, 1231) defined by the soles console. These wings (116, 117, 126, 127) also comprise at the end of the return a fallen edge (114, 124) which delimits a cylindrical passage (1141, 1241) extending along the length of the fastener, suitable for 25 receive a self-tapping screw. Figure 2, the installation device comprises a support and drainage profile (210). This profile comprises a sole (211) defining a lower laying plane (2110). This laying plan is intended to rest on the first laying plane (1131) defined by the soles console fasteners (110, 120). The sole (211) of this profile comprises two rails (212) protruding from the laying plane and forming a mortise in which can be threaded a side wing of the fastener (110, 120). Two outer wings (213, 214) extend in the section of the section and materialize, by a return to their apex, an upper laying plane (2130) parallel and remote to the plane of installation of the sole (2110), so when the support profile (210) is threaded onto a bracket sole (113, 123) of a fastener (110, 120), the said upper laying plane (2130) is substantially coplanar with the second laying plane ( 1160, 1260) materialized by the top of the return of the upper wings (116, 1117, 126, 127) of the fastener. Advantageously two inner wings (215, 216) extend in section from the sole (210) of the support profile (210) between its outer wings (213, 214) and define a mortise. These characteristics allow the support profile (210) to fulfill two technical functions in the device of the invention: the return of the outer wings (213, 214), the rails (215), and the inner wings (216, 217) cooperate to ensure the support and fixing solar panels, and the channel defined by the sole (211) and the outer wings (213, 214) to drain the water flows occurring between the solar panels.

Figure 3, the fasteners (110, 120) are fixed to the tanks (310) preferably by riveting. This fixing operation can be carried out on the ground or in the workshop prior to the installation of the bins on the roof. The fasteners (1110, 120) are then advantageously used for handling and lifting the bins (310) on site.

Figures 4 and 5, according to an example of installation on a framework comprising rafters (520), the bins (310) are fixed by self-drilling screws with sealing washer on wooden battens (510), regularly spaced , themselves fixed on the rafters (520). The bins (310) are not laid so as to cover the entire solar panel coverage area and uncovered areas remain between them. This arrangement limits the overload provided by the solar panel coverage on the frame but also confers the sealing function to the solar panels in the area thus covered, so that the disassembly of a panel causes the loss of watertightness of the cover . The support profiles (210) are placed between the fasteners perpendicular to the slope (P), the upper laying planes (2110, 1160) of the support profiles and fasteners materialize a laying plane for the solar panels (550) at the surface of the roof. The solar panels (550) are Zo juxtaposed in portrait or landscape mode so that the juxtaposition interfaces (531, 532) are located above a tray (310) or above a support profile ( 210). Thus the water infiltrating between these interfaces is either drained by the tanks (310) or flows in the channel of the support profiles (210) to the tanks which then drain to the sewer. To this end, the sole (211) of the support profiles (210) comprises bores (218) in its ends to allow the flow of water drained by these profiles to the bins. Figure 6, fixing the solar panels (550) on the support profile (210) is achieved by means of a flange (601) which is fed into a profile. This flange, substantially U-shaped, is pierced in the middle by a bore allowing the passage of a screw (620), which screw allows the clamping of the flange by screwing into a captive nut (603) stopped in translation in the mortise formed by the inner wings (215, 216) of the support profile (210). Figure 8, the wings of the flange fit between two solar panels (550) immobilizing them in a direction parallel to the slope. They comprise at their summit an external return (602) able to immobilize the panels in a direction normal to the roof. Advantageously, these returns (602) are chamfered to limit their drop shadow on the solar panels. To fix the solar panels on the shore, a half-flange (601 ') is used.

Returning to FIG. 6, before being fixed by the flanges (601, 601 '), the panels are held during installation by a staple (611) which is manufactured by folding a sheet preferably aluminum alloy. . This clip is fixed by self-tapping screws (612) screwed into the cylindrical passages (1141, 1241) of the fasteners (110, 120) as shown schematically in Figure 7. The clip (611) is inserted in the interior of the frame (552) supporting the energy modules (551) of the solar panels and maintains them in translation in a direction parallel to the slope and in a direction normal to the roof. It is no longer visible once the solar panel is installed and thus acts as a self-timer, the panel can be removed only by translating it parallel to the slope so as to disengage said clip. The operator unaware of the existence of it will therefore be greatly embarrassed for such disassembly. Advantageously, the staples have an electrical function for a photovoltaic cover, where they ensure the continuity of the earth potential between the protective conductors connected under the heads of the self-tapping screws (612). Figures 9 and 10, the anchors (910) for personal protective equipment involved in fixing the solar panels (550). These anchors (910) are fixed at the fasteners (110, 120) by a fastener (920) consisting of a steel plate welded to a U-shaped steel section (921). This profile is inserted into the upper part of the fastener (110, 120) between the upper wings (116, 117, 126, 127). It is held in position by a needle screw (922) which is screwed into the threaded hole (118) made in one of the upper wings of the fastener. The tray (310) is reinforced by a reinforcing steel profile (930) threaded into the inner face of the protruding wave portion on which is fixed the fastener (110, 120). Screws inserted into the holes (115, 125) of the first wings (112, 122) of the fastener, instead of the fastening rivets, are screwed into tapped holes made opposite each other in the reinforcing profile (930). Figure 11, the railing includes uprights (960) and rails (961). It is removably installed by sliding the uprights (960) in sleeves (953), which are fixed by welding on a stiffening section (950), the assembly being reinforced by two gussets (951, 952).

12, the stiffening section (950) is slid between the inner faces of a wave projecting from the tank (310) and fixed by appropriate means (not shown) both to the tank (310) and / or to the carrier elements (500) of the frame. Different sections of stiffener profile (910, 910 ') can be used depending on the tray profile (310) or the nature of the load-bearing members of the framework. Advantageously, the assembly comprising the sheath (953), the stiffening section (950) and the gussets (951, 952) can be used to support a gutter (not shown). Figures 13 and 14, the installation of the device advantageously implements a drilling template (990) for the pre-drilling of the mounting holes of the fasteners (110, 120). The jig (990) includes a rigid frame (991), which supports drill masks (992) which include drill guns (994) located as the bores (115, 125) of the fasteners (110, 120). Supports (993) support the frame (991) at the locations of the bins (310) which are not intended to receive fasteners. Preferably, the fasteners are installed on the bins (310) prior to laying them on the frame.

The template is then used on the floor or in the workshop. In certain circumstances, especially when the flatness of the framework is not sufficient to adequately support the solar panels, it is advantageous to use the template (990) while the bins (310) are fixed to the frame. The frame (990) then provides a planar reference thus reducing the timing and alignment times. The above description clearly illustrates that by its different features and advantages, the present invention achieves the objectives it intended. In particular, it makes it possible to: perform a maximum of assembly operations on the ground or in the workshop; 15 through the use of templates (990) to precisely set up the solar panels; - to reinforce the security of installation and subsequent interventions; to reduce the number of parts required for installation for several types of industrial or suburban roofs; 20 - to maintain good ventilation of the panels, thanks to the corrugated sheet bins which also do not cover the entire installation area, ventilation pledge of a good performance of solar panels, obtained without concession on the tightness .

Claims (14)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device for the integrated installation on the roof of a building of rigid solar panels (550), in particular photovoltaic, characterized in that it comprises: - first means (310, 210, 110, 120), placed on the frame (520) s of the roof and able to fix the solar panels (550); - second means (910, 950, 951, 952, 953, 960) integrated with the first, and able to prevent the fall of personnel involved during the installation or maintenance of solar panels (550). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second means Zo comprises a body grade (960, 961) removable. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second means comprise anchors (910) for personal protective equipment. 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the anchors (910) are removably attached to the first means (110, 120) between the solar panels (550). 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a corrugated sheet metal profile (310) interfaced with the frame and fixed thereto, said section extending in a longitudinal direction, perpendicular to its plane 20 ripple (320). 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a fastener (110) adapted to be fixed on a wave portion (301) projecting from the corrugated sheet metal profile (310) and extending in its direction. longitudinal, the section of said fastener (110, 120) comprising for its attachment two wings (112, 122) forming a profile tangent to that of the protruding wave portion (301). 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the section of the fastener (110, 120) comprises a sole plate (113, 123) forming a laying plane extending in a plane parallel to a plane tangent to the the top of the projecting wave portion (301) of the corrugated sheet section (310). 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a section (210) of substantially U-shaped section adapted to be placed between two fasteners (110, 120) aligned in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction . s 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the U-shaped profile (210) comprises means (212) adapted to immobilize in translation and rotation in a direction normal to the laying plane when it is secured to the fastener (110, 120). 10. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises Zo means (920, 921, 922, 932) adapted to fix on the fastener (110, 120), anchors (910) for protective equipment individual. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the fastening means comprise a reinforcing profile (932) whose section is of complementary profile to that of the wave portion (301) projecting from the corrugated sheet metal section 15. (310) and adapted to be inserted into said wave portion on the face of the sheet opposite to the fastening face of the fastener. 12. A method of installing solar panels (550) on a roof using a device according to claim 6 characterized in that it comprises a step of drilling on the corrugated metal profiles (310) holes for fixing the fasteners (110, 120) using a drilling template (990) including a frame (991). 13. The method of claim 12 characterized in that the frame (991) extends between at least two corrugated sheet metal profiles (310). 14. A method according to claim 12 or 13 characterized in that the drilling step is performed while the corrugated metal profiles (310) are fixed on the roof.