FR2972471A1 - COATING A ROOF PAN WITH STANDARD LAMINATED OR BI-GLASS PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a covering (1) of a sloped roof panel comprising: a frame (2), this frame according to the slope of said roof; and a plurality of photovoltaic panels (4) arranged in vertical rows (19) along the slope of the roof and partially overlapping, the lower edge of an upper panel covering the upper edge of a lower panel in a row. The invention is characterized in that the upper edges (6) of the photovoltaic panels (4) are provided with seals (14), which extend said panels (4) substantially in the same plane while sealing the coating. . The invention applies in particular to laminated photovoltaic solar panels or standard bi-glass.

Description

COATING A ROOF PAN EQUIPPED WITH STANDARD LAMINATED OR BI-GLASS PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to roof coverings provided with standard laminated or bi-glass photovoltaic panels. It also relates to methods of mounting such coatings. The coatings referred to according to the present invention are sloped roof panel coverings comprising: a frame, this frame along the slope of said roof; a plurality of photovoltaic panels, said photovoltaic panels being arranged in vertical rows along the slope of the roof and partially overlapping, the lower edge of an upper panel covering the upper edge of a lower panel in a row; and hooks for fixing said photovoltaic panels to said frame.

PRIOR ART The use of solar energy results from a conversion of solar radiation, either in the form of thermal energy or in the form of electrical energy. In order to convert solar energy, individuals or professionals use panels provided for these conversions. These panels are positioned above a waterproof roof of building or constitute themselves a waterproof roof. In the case where the solar panels are themselves a waterproof roof, the panels are said to be integrated into the frame. In order to encourage the integration of solar panels into the building, there are regulations, including roofing regulations, as well as bonuses. In particular, there is a French regulation relating to the recovery of solar panels for all photovoltaic integration systems, which allocates a bonus of integration of solar panels to buildings. In this regulation, solar panels, for example photovoltaic systems, can not be placed above an existing roof, but on the contrary, they must be integrated into the roof at a planned location. Integration with the roof means that photovoltaic systems are flush with the roof covering.

Thus, for such roofs, sealing must be provided by the photovoltaic system. A photovoltaic system typically comprises several panels. Each panel forming a solid plate, sealing must therefore be particularly provided between two panels. Such a system according to the prior art is described in particular in document EP 1 362 967. This document describes a device comprising flat, plate-shaped construction elements. The sealing between two plates is provided, on the one hand, vertically and, on the other hand, horizontally. Vertically, this seal is provided by a covering of an upper plate above a lower plate. Horizontally, it is provided by a profile that has inserts shaped sawtooth. It results from the sawtooth shape of the inserts, a non-adaptability of the standard laminated panels. Only custom panels with an elongated top edge can fit. In addition, the vertical sealing by covering two plates is not ensured in all times or for all inclinations of the roof. For example, in the case of heavy rainfall and wind, it is possible that a drop of water rises under an upper plate involving the tightness of the coating. In addition, this recovery of a plate by another plate is regulated. This regulation imposes a recovery of about 15 cm, which implies a significant loss of effective area for each panel and thus an additional cost.

In other systems, such as that described in EP 1 703 037, the vertical seal is also ensured by a covering of two plates, while the horizontal sealing between two plates is provided by the particular shape of the lateral edges. of each plate. The special shape of the side edges of the plates creates a labyrinth seal. Such systems require the use of a single type of panels or, at least, panels with complementary side edges. As before, the vertical overlap of two plates implies an effective surface loss. In still other systems, such as that described in DE 2 2088 009 241 U1, the vertical sealing between two plates is provided on the one hand by a seal and on the other hand by the same type of recovery than previously. This seal also includes a reinforcing metal liner to be fixed to the frame and to retain the plates. Such systems tend to retain water and / or deposition of material. In addition, there is, for these systems, an effective surface loss due to the recovery of a plate by another and, as for the previous systems, the use of specific panels is imposed.

It should be noted that the French regulation defines for a photovoltaic system: the plan of the roof as being the plane tangent to the high points of the tiles; and the plan of the photovoltaic system being the plane tangent to the high points of the solar panels.

These two planes are substantially coplanar. This is how we define a height of exceeding the plane of the photovoltaic system relative to the plane of the roof, this criterion depends more on the type of coverage.

Conventionally, in the prior art, roof covering systems, in particular by photovoltaic solar panels, are expensive and difficult to interchange from one manufacturer to another. In addition, they involve a long implementation, on the one hand, for the positioning of the coating and, on the other hand, to ensure the tightness of the covering of all or part of a roof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, a problem to be solved by the invention is to ensure the tightness of the coverings integrated into a roof, and that vis-à-vis the roof, especially for standard and cheaper laminated or bi-glass photovoltaic solar panels, while respecting the regulations in force while increasing the effective surface area of each panel. Considering the problem posed above, the solution of the invention is, according to a first aspect, a coating of a sloping roof section comprising: a frame, this frame according to the slope of said roof; and a plurality of photovoltaic panels, said photovoltaic panels being arranged in vertical rows along the slope of the roof and partially overlapping, the lower edge of an upper panel covering the upper edge of a lower panel in a row, characterized in that that the upper edges of the photovoltaic panels are provided with seals, which extend said panels substantially in the same plane by sealing the coating. According to a second aspect, the solution of the invention is a method of mounting such a coating characterized in that it comprises steps according to which: a rigid frame is provided; gutters are fixed to the frame; the hooks are fixed to the frame between the gutters; gaskets are positioned at the upper edges of the photovoltaic panels; and slide the lower edges of the panels in the upper part of the hooks. Thanks to the invention, the roof of the roof is sealed by photovoltaic solar panels, by the seal positioned on the upper edge of a lower photovoltaic solar panel and by the covering of the upper edge of a roof. lower photovoltaic solar panel by the lower edge of an upper panel. The photovoltaic panel is waterproof due to its manufacture. The seal prevents water from seeping under a higher construction element while ensuring compliance with applicable regulations. The universality of the seal to all types of laminated or bi-glass panels, also reduces the time of implementation of such coatings and increases the ease of positioning. Advantageously, the coating further comprises hooks for fixing said photovoltaic panels to said frame, the hooks have a generally S-shaped shape and are fixed to the frame by their lower part, the lower edges of the photovoltaic panels are retained by the part upper hooks generally shaped S-shaped slide, and the upper edges of the photovoltaic panels provided with the seal, are housed in the lower part of the generally shaped hooks substantially S; the seals extend the photovoltaic panels along the entire length of their upper edges; the seals pinch the upper edges of the photovoltaic panels; - The seals have baffles to prevent upwelling; the seals are not in physical contact with the entire width of the panels which overhang them so as to allow air to pass through in order to ventilate the photovoltaic solar panels; - Gutters of water recovery frame the vertical rows of photovoltaic panels; the gutters have raised edges and that these raised edges are provided with compressible joints on which the photovoltaic panels rest; the compressible joints are retained pinched in the raised edges of the gutters; the seals and / or the compressible seals are made of EPDM material; the water accumulated in the baffles is discharged into the gutters; the photovoltaic panels are positioned in said coating in landscape mode; - The photovoltaic panels are positioned in said coating, in portrait mode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention will be better understood on reading the nonlimiting description which follows, written with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roof covering according to the invention; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a hook according to the invention; Figure 3 is a perspective view of a seal positioned on a photovoltaic solar panel according to the invention; Figure 4 is a perspective view of the joint covering by an upper panel according to the invention; and Figure 5 is a detail view in perspective of a water recovery gutter between two photovoltaic solar panels according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An overlap of a roof panel 1 according to the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises in particular: a frame 2 substantially inclined with respect to the horizontal, fixing hooks 3 photovoltaic solar panels 4, which have lower edges 5 and upper edges 6, and gutters 7 for water recovery. Preferably, the covering of the roofing pan covers the entire roof. It may be noted that the inclination of the frame 2 with respect to the horizontal is here the line of greatest slope of the plane of the roof and therefore of the frame. The lines of greatest slope of a surface are the orthogonal trajectories of the level lines of this surface. This slope takes values between 5 ° and 60 °, in general. The frame 2 is for example a flight or a batten. Photovoltaic solar panels 4 are typically standard laminated or bi-glass photovoltaic panels, as can be found in a large number of manufacturers. Such laminated photovoltaic solar panels or standard bi-glass are typically of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape with a substantially rectangular upper surface 4.0. This upper surface 4.0 has a side called length 4.01 and a side called width 4.02. These two sides are such that the length 4.01 is substantially longer than the width 4.02 (Figure 3). The photovoltaic solar panels 4 are typically arranged so that they overlap one above the other by raising said slope of said frame 2 as flat tiles or slates. The hooks 3 are substantially S-shaped. Such a hook 3 is illustrated in FIG. 2 and comprises in particular: a lower end 8, a lower arm 9, an upper arm 10, and an upper end 11. The hook 3 is typically made of stainless material and can be coated with a plasticized paint. The end 8 is in particular intended to be fixed to the frame 2. This attachment to the frame 2 can be made by drilling the end 8 using for example at least one screw, or a means of fixing the this end 8 on the frame 2. The attachment of the end 8 to the frame 2 is performed so that the upper part of the hook, that is to say the end 11, is positioned in the direction of the top of the roof. That is why, the end 11 and the upper arm 10 of the hook 3 can receive the lower edge 5 of the photovoltaic solar panel 4. In practice, the panel is slid along the upper surface 12 of the upper arm 10 so that the hook 3 surrounds the lower edge 6 of the photovoltaic solar panel 4. An advantage of the end 11 therefore lies particularly in the blocking in translation in the direction of the slope of the lower edge 5 of the photovoltaic solar panel 4. The space between the upper surface 12 of the lower arm 9 and the lower surface 13 of the upper arm 10 is typically between 5 mm and 25 mm. This is the reason why it is possible to slide in this space the upper edge 6 of the photovoltaic solar panel. In addition, the photovoltaic solar panel 4 is slidably supported on the surface 12. The dimensions of the hook 3, that is to say length, width and height, are generally between 2 cm and 35 cm. For example, the length of the hook is of the order of 30 cm, its width of the order of 4 cm, and the height is of the order of 3 cm. An advantage of the hook 3 lies, on the one hand, in the possibility of positioning and reception of two photovoltaic solar panels and, on the other hand, in compliance with the laws in force as regards the recovery of photovoltaic solar panels for recoveries of Roofs 1. It is precisely in correlation with the shape of this hook 3, with the regulations in force and in order to increase the effective area of each photovoltaic solar panel, that a seal 14 has been developed. This seal 14 is typically fixed over the entire length of the upper edge 6 of each photovoltaic solar panel 4 in an extension substantially coplanar with the plane of the photovoltaic solar panel 4 to which it is attached. This seal 14, in particular represented in FIG. 3, comprises: an attachment part 15, an elongate part 16, a deflector 17, and an upper edge 18. The seal 14 is preferably made of EPDM material to namely ethylene propylene diene monomer. Advantages of choosing the EPDM material include its resistance to heat, weather and aging. The seal may also be rubber, chloric elastomer, fluoroelastomer and / or silicone. The photovoltaic solar panels 4 are intended to be marketed for high exposure especially to the sun but also to the weather. The choice of the material ensures a particularly marketable asset. The fixing portion 15 of the seal 14 is typically provided with a groove 15.1 in order to fix, by pinching, the seal 14 on any photovoltaic solar panel 4, in particular laminated or bi-glass. The elongated portion 16 is typically of a length of between 2 cm and 25 cm. This length allows in particular to meet the regulation relating to the recovery of 15 cm of solar panels for any photovoltaic integration system while decreasing the effective surface loss precisely due to regulations. The deflector 17 has been developed with the aim of solving the problem of horizontal non-sealing vis-à-vis, for example, a droplet being introduced under the plate by surface tension, in particular by heavy precipitation and strong winds. The seals are not in physical contact with the entire width of the panels which overhang them so as to let air to ventilate the photovoltaic solar panels. This does not, however, prohibit the seal has pins or other organs that maintain the seal at a given distance from the panel that covers it. Under ideal conditions of sun exposure photovoltaic solar panels, the deflector 17 lets air pass between solar photovoltaic panels. This creates an additional effect of ventilation, and thus cooling of solar photovoltaic panels to improve their performance. In addition, it avoids any condensation effect under photovoltaic solar panels. The combination of the hook 3 and the seal 14 is particularly visible in Figure 4, which particularly illustrates the overlap of a lower panel 4.1 by an upper panel 4.2. The seal 14 is fixed on the photovoltaic solar panel 4.1. The seal 14 is typically positioned along the entire length of the upper edge 6 of the photovoltaic solar panel 4.1. The photovoltaic solar panel is positioned on the lower arm 9 of the hook 3. The panel 4.2 is positioned on the upper arm 10 of the hook 3. Due to the presence of the seal on the upper edge 6 of the photovoltaic solar panel 4.1, it may be noted the covering in accordance with the regulations of the roofs is respected while increasing the effective surface of the photovoltaic solar panel.

An advantage of the present invention therefore lies in the fact that the gasket 14 seals the cover covering by raising the slope of the roof panel. Due to the clean seal of a photovoltaic solar panel 4 and because of the tightness of the covering, it is necessary to evacuate in particular the water that flows on the roof panel 1. This is the reason for which the gutter 7 of water recovery is positioned, on the one hand, at least along part of the length of a vertical row 19 of said panels and, on the other hand, between the plane of the photovoltaic system and that of the frame 2. In Figures 1 and 5, two rows 19.1 and 19.2 photovoltaic solar panels are illustrated.

Advantageously, this water recovery gutter 7 is continuous, positioned all along the vertical row 19. In FIG. 5 is illustrated the gutter 7 for the recovery of water between two photovoltaic solar panels 4 according to a preferential mode of the invention. The gutter 7 water recovery is for example fiberglass reinforced polyester material and / or composite wood material. An advantage of composite wood is that it is made from recycled materials and recyclable. This meets a regulation of the recycling of photovoltaic roofs. Another advantage of such non-metallic gutters is non-corrosion. A simple additional effect is the need not to electrically connect the gutters to the ground, which is a special time saver during installation. The channel 7 comprises: a substantially rectangular plate 20, that is to say that it is substantially flat and that it typically has four sides, the opposite sides are substantially parallel and of substantially the same length is also defined a length 20.01 and a width 20.02, a fastening means 21 of a compressible seal 22 on the plate 20, a longitudinal strip 23, substantially perpendicular to the rectangular plate 20 positioned along the greatest length of the plate 20, and a longitudinal fin 24, substantially perpendicular to the rectangular plate 20. The dimensions of the plate 20 are typically, on the one hand, a length 20.01 able to evacuate the water along the photovoltaic solar panels 4 of the row 19, and secondly , the width 20.02 between 10 cm and 30 cm. The length 20.01 is particularly adapted to the roof pan. The fixing means 21 typically comprises longitudinal grooves 21.1 and 21.2 in which the seal 22 can be fixed. However, any functionally equivalent fastening means can be taken into account. For example, the seal 22 could be provided with two longitudinal grooves to be fixed on a fin.

The fastening means 21 is positioned on the plate 20 so that the compressible seal 22 is found between the gutter 7 and the photovoltaic panels 4. The seal 22 is typically a seal made of cellular EPDM or EPDM material or rubber. Particularly illustrated in Figure 5, the seal 22 comprises a substantially cylindrical head 22.1 and hollow cellular EDPM or rubber. An advantage of the choice of the head 22.1 of the seal 22 lies in the compressibility characteristic under the weight of photovoltaic solar panels. Thus, a consequence lies in the continuity of the contact between the lower surface of the photovoltaic solar panels 4. This therefore makes it possible to solve the problem of horizontal non-sealing with respect to a droplet that is introduced, for example, in a substantially horizontal manner under photovoltaic solar panel by surface tension. The longitudinal strip 23 allows the alignment of laminated photovoltaic solar panels or bi-glass. The longitudinal fin 24 allows the recovery of water in the case of a fortuitous infiltration between the compressible seal 22 and the solar photovoltaic panels 4 laminated or bi-glass.

The mounting of a coating 1 as described above can be achieved as follows: there is a rigid frame 2; the gutters are fixed on the frame 2; the hooks are fixed, in particular according to different predetermined level lines of the plane of the frame, on the frame 2 between the gutters; the joints 14 are positioned on the upper edges 6 of the photovoltaic solar panels 4; and the solar photovoltaic panels 4 are slid onto the hooks 3. For the positioning of the photovoltaic solar panels 4 on the hooks 3, the upper edge 6 with its seal 14 is firstly slid over the upper surface 12 of the lower arm 9 until that the lower edge 5 of the panel 4 can rest on the upper arm 10 without touching the end 11. It is not necessary that the upper edge 18 of the seal 14 of a photovoltaic solar panel 4 touches the hooks 3, when mounting the photovoltaic solar panel 30. Thus photovoltaic solar panels 4 of each row 19 overlap each other like scales.

Next, the electrical connection of the photovoltaic solar panels 4 is carried out overhead. Such a mounting of the covering 1 must be carried out in correlation with the regulations, thus: in the case of a partial roof covering, that "the photovoltaic system is installed in the plane of said roof", when the plan of the photovoltaic system does not exceed the roof plan by more than: - 60 mm, from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011; - 20 mm, from January 1, 2012. The increased tolerance of the overrun for the year 2011 is intended to give manufacturers the necessary time 15 to eventually develop their product. For such a coating assembly 1 can be positioned photovoltaic solar panels 4 in landscape mode or portrait mode. The landscape mode means that the length 4.01 of a photovoltaic solar panel 4 is oriented substantially parallel to the horizontal. The portrait mode means that the width 4.02 of a photovoltaic solar panel 4 is oriented substantially parallel to the horizontal. 25

Claims (14)

REVENDICATIONS1. Coating (1) a sloped roofing section comprising: a frame (2), said frame following the slope of said roof; and a plurality of photovoltaic panels (4), said photovoltaic panels (4) being arranged in vertical rows (19) along the slope of the roof and partially overlapping, the lower edge of an upper panel covering the upper edge of a lower panel in a row, characterized in that the upper edges (6) of the photovoltaic panels (4) are provided with seals (14), which extend said panels (4) substantially in the same plane ensuring the sealing of the coating. 2. Coating (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises hooks (3) for fixing said photovoltaic panels (4) 20 said frame (2), in that the hooks (3) have a generally in the shape of S and are fixed to the frame (2) by their lower part, in that the lower edges (5) of the photovoltaic panels (4) are retained by the upper part of the generally S-shaped hooks (3). forming a slide, and in that the upper edges (6) of the photovoltaic panels (4) provided with the seals (14) are housed in the lower part of the hooks of generally S-shaped shape. 3. Coating (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the seals (14) extend the photovoltaic panels (4) over the entire length of their upper edges (6). 4. Coating (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seals (14) pinch the upper edges (6) of the photovoltaic panels (4). 5. Covering (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seals (14) comprise sealing baffles (17) to prevent upwelling. 6. Coating (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the seals (14) sealing are not in physical contact with the entire width of the panels which overhang so as to let air to perform the breakdown of photovoltaic solar panels. 7. Covering (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that gutters (7) of water recovery frame the vertical rows (19) of photovoltaic panels (4). 8. Coating (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the gutters (7) have raised edges and that these raised edges are provided with seals (22) compressible on which the photovoltaic panels (4). 9. Coating (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the seals (22) compressible are retained pinched in the raised edges of the gutters (7) .35 10. Coating (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seals (14) sealing and / or seals (22) compressible are made of EPDM material. 11. Coating (1) according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the water accumulated in the baffles (17) is discharged into the gutters (7). 10 12. Coating (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic panels (4) are positioned in said coating in landscape mode. 15 13. Coating (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the photovoltaic panels (4) are positioned in said coating, in portrait mode. 20 14. A method of mounting a coating (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises steps according to which: a rigid frame (2) is provided; gutters (7) are attached to the frame (2); The hooks (3) are fixed to the frame (2) between the gutters (7); positioning seals (14) at the upper edges of the photovoltaic panels (4); and sliding the lower edges (5) of the panels (4) 30 in the upper part of the hooks (3).