FR2960575A1 - Building block for forming wall of house, has side face comprising projection extending over part of height of block so as to assemble building block by fitting projections and inner grooves and butting side faces - Google Patents

Abstract

The block (P) has a rectangular parallelepiped shaped concrete or mortar mass whose two large vertical faces (10, 10') are provided with multiple vertical grooves (12, 13) opened into vertical tubular galleries (15). A rectangular side face comprises an inner fitting groove (20) extending over a part of height (H) of the block. Another side face (16') comprises a complementary trapezoidal shaped projection (21) extending over a part of the height of the block so as to assemble the building block by fitting the projections and the inner grooves and butting the side faces.

Description

GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the field of building materials, and more particularly to the field of blocks. STATE OF THE ART

Concrete or mortar blocks are very commonly used for the realization of construction works, such as houses, buildings or any other building.

Many problems then arise vis-à-vis these blocks, which must both be easily manipulated for construction, and have interesting features including in terms of thermal insulation and phonic.

FR2731733 discloses a product providing a solution to these requirements, which is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 and that is still sought to improve The breeze block represented has a generally parallelepiped shape; the large opposite vertical faces 1 and 1 'of the block each have vertical grooves 2 and 2' extending over the entire height of the block, and each opening into a vertical tubular gallery 3 or 3 'located at a short distance behind the grooved face 1 or 1 '. Vertical tubular cells 4 are formed in the vertical median plane of the block, offset with respect to the galleries 2 and 2 'along the length of the block. The block thus formed has a reduced weight, and also facilitates the passage of cables through these grooves and tubular galleries. At each end, the block has a median vertical groove 5 and 5 'which share the end face 6 or 6' in two parts: 6A and 6B, 6'A and 6'B, vertical and parallel, but arranged one set back from the other, the offsets being identical, but in opposite direction to the two ends 6 and 6 'of the block. Breaking primers 15 make it possible, if necessary, to break the protruding part of the ends 6 and 6 'of the block. It can therefore be seen that this block has a complex structure, which in particular requires the production of fracture primers because of the unequal lengths at its ends, and will generate a large quantity of waste, particularly because of the ends which will necessarily have to be adjusted at the end. of work.

Figures 2 and 3 respectively show a front view and a bottom view of a wall made with blocks such as that shown in Figure 1.

The wall presented comprises three rows of blocks, the blocks of the same row being assembled in a conventional manner, with removal of a portion of the block when a longitudinal shortening is desired. The blocks of two successive rows are offset longitudinally, while keeping the vertical grooves aligned to obtain grooves extending over the entire height of the wall, marked in Figure 2 by the references I, II and III. It is observed that despite the five vertical grooves 2 and 2 'present on each of the large vertical faces 1 and 1' of the block, only three grooves I, II and III extending over the entire height of the wall are obtained. The other grooves are when they are aligned with breaking primers 7 or 7 ', or with a portion of the block 20 without grooves or incipient rupture, which breaks the continuity. The pattern obtained is therefore irregular, and does not make it possible to exploit all the vertical grooves 2 and 2 'of the blocks. Figure 3 also shows the need to adjust the blocks because of staggered ends; even in the presence of a frame having a flat surface, a cinder block at the end of the wall will necessarily have to be adjusted.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims at improving this product, and in particular proposes a block consisting of a mass of concrete or mortar having a general rectangular parallelepiped shape, the two large vertical faces of which are each pierced by a plurality of vertical grooves opening into tubular galleries. vertical channels which are formed in the mass of the block, said vertical grooves and tubular galleries running over essentially the entire height of the block, said block being characterized in that it is delimited on its sides by substantially planar and rectangular lateral faces, one of its lateral faces having at least one inner groove of interlocking extending over at least a portion of its height, its other lateral face having in turn at least one complementary shaped projection extending over at least a part of its height , two blocks of this type can be assembled by interlocking their projection (s) and inner groove (s) complementary nesting and abutment of their side faces According to a particular embodiment, the block may have at least one vertical groove and at least one tubular gallery opening on the The invention also proposes a wall made using such blocks, the wall consisting of at least one layer of dry butting blocks.

Such a block has advantages in terms of positioning when several blocks are assembled for the realization of a work, due to the internal grooves nesting and projections by allowing a more precise and easier positioning of the blocks in the state of the art. It is thus possible to achieve a dry positioning of the blocks, which leads to clean and regular achievements that do not require the use of a product to bind the blocks put end to end.

Furthermore, the amount of waste produced during the adjustment of the block is reduced compared to the state of the art, in which the parallel surfaces offset along the length of the block generated large volumes of volumes during the adjustment. cinderblock. It also has a reduced mass, facilitating its handling and significantly reducing the laying weight per square meter.

This block has a reduced mass thus facilitating its use and in particular its grip, and a facilitated assembly by simplifying the application of mortar or glue for the assembly of several blocks, while maintaining the advantages in terms of passage of cables such than presented in the prior art.

In addition, such a block allows the realization of very regular works, to exploit all the vertical grooves.

PRESENTATION OF FIGURES

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and which should be read with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figures 1, 2 and 3 described above have a breeze block according to the state of the art.

Figures 4 to 7 show several views of a breeze block. Figures 4 and 5 show three-quarter views respectively showing the upper face and the lower face of a block. Figure 6 is a top view of this block. FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the block, along a sectional plane AA shown in FIG. 6. FIGS. 8 and 9 show an embodiment of a wall using blocks similar to that shown in FIGS. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Block B, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, has the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with two large vertical faces 10 and 10 ', two lateral faces 16 and 16', and an upper face 18 and a face In the figures, L is denoted by the length of this block P, by E its thickness, and by H its height.

The side faces 16 and 16 'of the block P comprise an inner groove fitting 20 extending over at least a portion of its height H and a projection 21 of complementary shape.

As shown in the figures, the projections 21 and interlocking grooves 20 have an isosceles trapezoidal shape whose large base is aligned with the side face 16 or 16 'of the block P on which they are arranged. Any other form suitable for interlocking internal grooves 20 and projections 21 may of course be used.

According to another embodiment not illustrated, the block P includes a projection 21 disposed on a first side face 16 or 16 'of the block P, and an inner nest groove 20 of substantially complementary shape to said projection 21 disposed on the second lateral face 16 'or 16 of the block P, the projection 21 and the housing 15 being typically arranged facing one another.

Other variants are possible; the lateral faces 16 and 16 'may have a plurality of projections 21 and / or internal interlocking grooves 20.

The projection (s) 21 and the interlocking internal groove (s) 20 may extend over the entire height H of the block P, or only on a part of it. this.

These internal nesting grooves 20 and projections 21 make it easier to position, and in particular the dry positioning of the blocks relative to each other when using several identical blocks for the realization of a work. The dimensions of the interlocking internal grooves 20 and protrusions 21 are preferably reduced, so as to keep the lateral faces 16 and 16 'of the substantially planar grating P. Thus, when it is necessary to adjust the side faces 16 and / or 16 'of the block P, typically when it is at one end of a wall, by cutting a projection 21 of one of the side faces 16 or 16 the waste resulting from this adjustment is reduced and the volume to be filled corresponding to the inner nesting groove 20 is reduced.

The large vertical faces 10 and 10 'also have vertical grooves 12 and 13, each of said grooves 12 and 13 opening into a tubular gallery 14 or 15 vertical formed in the mass of the block P and located a short distance behind the grooved face.

In a variant, the grooves narrowed from the large vertical face 10 or 10 'towards their outlet in the tubular gallery 14 or 15.

Two types of grooves 12 and 13 and tubular galleries 14 and 15 are distinguishable: the outlets and the one-eyed; the grooves and tubular galleries extending over the entire height H of the block P, and thus opening on both the upper face 18 and the lower face 19 of the channel 19, will be designated as: - open grooves 13 and open tubular galleries 15; block P, - blind grooves 12 and blind tubular galleries 14 the grooves and tubular galleries do not extend over the entire height H of the block P, and thus being 20 open on the lower face 19 of the block P but not opening on the upper face 18 of the P. block.

As illustrated in the figures, only two open grooves 13 and open tubular galleries 15 are present, the other grooves 12 and tubular galleries 14 being blind. These blind grooves 12 and blind tubular galleries 14 define a setting web 22, illustrated in FIG. 7, namely a reduced thickness between the blind end of the blind grooves 12 and the blind tubular galleries 14 and the upper face 18 of the P block. The open grooves 13 and the through tubular galleries 15 have two additional functions; they facilitate the gripping of the block P and also allow the passage of cables or pipes.

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view illustrating on the one hand a blind groove 12 and a blind tubular gallery 14 as well as the laying web 22 thus defined, and on the other hand a through groove 13 and an open tubular gallery 15.

The reduced number of emergent grooves 13 and tubular passageways 15 makes it possible to have the upper face 18 of the parapar P substantially flat, and thus facilitate the assembly of several superimposed layers of cinder block, typically using cement glue or adhesive mortar, with respect to an upper face which would be pierced by numerous openings. Indeed, in the case of breeze blocks with only through galleries, the cement or mortar used to assemble the breeze blocks was inserted into the cavities and thus obstruct them, resulting in a waste of cement and the additional time needed to open the cavities where appropriate. The installation web 22 makes it possible to meet these drawbacks by proposing an upper surface 18 of the block P with a greatly reduced number of bores, so as to facilitate the laying of mortar, or any other suitable connection means.

This flat upper face 18 obtained during manufacture by creating the laying web 22 confers a choice for the connecting element to be used to assemble the blocks, typically adhesive mortar or cement glue. Glue mortar is a mortar ready to wet, composed of sands, special cements and various additives.

In addition, it is easy to pierce the laying web 22 of the block P at the level of blind tubular galleries 14 and / or blind grooves 12, so as to make them open if necessary, for example for the passage of pipes, cables or ducts in the blocks. The laying web 22 typically has a relatively small thickness relative to the height H of the block P, so that it can be easily pierced when necessary, while generating a small amount of waste.

The grooves 12 and 13 and the tubular galleries 14 and 15 formed in the mass of the block P, can significantly reduce the mass, typically going from a mass of the order of 29 kg for a conventional block to a mass less than 22kg for a block P as shown in Figures 4 to 7, which facilitates handling.

Furthermore, the combination of the block P as presented having a reduced mass and the use of a mortar glue instead of a mortar allows a considerable gain in terms of the laying weight per square meter, which is the order 1 0 of the half weight of laying of conventional blocks bound by mortar.

The grooves 12 and 13 and tubular galleries 14 and 15 also allow to give the block P advantageous properties in terms of sound insulation.

In the embodiment shown, the block P additionally comprises a cutting primer 24 adapted to allow the separation of the block P in two half blocks.

This cutting primer 24 typically takes the form of a triangular notch 20 formed on the lower face 19 of the block P, substantially perpendicular to the large vertical faces 10 and 10 'and 3, and substantially in the middle of the length L of the block P, allowing then to obtain two half-blocks of substantially equal dimensions. Having this cutting primer on the inner face 19 of the block P allows to keep the upper face 18 flat, to facilitate the assembly and installation of glue, cement or mortar.

In the embodiment shown in the figures, the block P includes chamfers 26 made at its four vertical edges, so as to avoid sharp edges, and thus facilitate gripping. According to a specific embodiment, the block P has the following dimensions: a length L of 498 mm, a thickness E of 148 mm, a height H of 248 mm with a tolerance of the order of ± 0, 30 mm, the chamfers 26 typically have a dimension of 4 * 4 mm, the tubular galleries 14 and 15 have a diameter of 40 mm, the grooves 12 and 13 have a thickness of between 6 and 10 mm, the web 22 is 4 mm thick, the protrusions 21 have an isosceles trapezium shape, having a height of 6 mm, a large base of 23 mm and a small base of 11 mm, the internal grooves of interlocking. have an isosceles trapezoid shape having a height of 8 mm, a large base of 26 mm and a small base of 10 mm, the grooves 12 and 13 are arranged at a distance of 41.5 mm from the side faces 16 and 16 ' block P, and the distance between two consecutive grooves is equal to 83 mm, - each of the vertical tubular galleries 14 and 15 is in the extension of the associated vertical groove.

In a more general manner, the block P has a length L of between 400 and 600 mm, a height H of between 200 and 300 mm with particular embodiments having a height H of 200 or 250 mm, and a thickness E included. between 120 and 200 mm, typically of the order of 150 mm. The inner nesting grooves 20 and projections 21 have a height typically of between 5 and 10 mm.

In this specific case, the vertical grooves 12 or 13 and tubular galleries 14 or 25 are therefore regularly arranged, six vertical grooves 12 or 13 opening on each of the large vertical faces 10 and 10 'each of said vertical grooves 12 or 13 having a groove vertically 12 or 13 arranged facing the large vertical face 10 or 10 'opposite for a total of twelve vertical grooves and twelve tubular galleries, the central axes of two tubular galleries 14 or 15 30 disposed opposite being separated by a distance of 85 mm. In this particular embodiment, the emergent grooves 13 and tubular galleries 15 outlet are on each side of the block P, distributed along the length L of the block P, and each face a blind groove 12 and a tubular blind gallery 14.

The number of tubular galleries and grooves open and / or blind can of course vary; the block P typically comprises at least one through groove 13 and a through tubular gallery 15, and may comprise a variable number of blind grooves 12 and blind tubular galleries 14, or not to understand.

Other variants are of course possible; Vertical tubular through or blind cells may for example be formed in the mass of the block P, without necessarily being associated with grooves. Such vertical tubular cells may for example be arranged along the length of the block P, in a vertical median plane of the block P, and are typically offset longitudinally with respect to the tubular galleries 14 and 15.

Figures 8 and 9 show an example of wall construction made with blocks similar to the parpenage P presented in the previous figures. These two figures show two different views of the same wall made with blocks as shown in Figures 4 to 7; FIG. 8 defining a view B which is the point of view of FIG. 9.

These figures have two perpendicular wall sections 110 and 120, a layer of blocks every two layers of the first wall section 110 being here nested in the second wall section 120 thus making it possible to connect the first wall section 110 to the second section of wall wall 120; the layers of blocks not being nested being in their turn disposed substantially in contact with the second wall section 120.

Figure 9 illustrates the blocks of the first wall section 110 nested in the second wall section 120; it is clear from this figure that the specific form of the block P and in particular the shape and dimensions of the projections and internal grooves nesting on the side faces can significantly reduce the adjustments to be made compared to the blocks according to the state art. Indeed, only the protrusions form excrescences in the second wall section 120, and they can be easily removed by generating a greatly reduced amount of waste compared to the blocks according to the state of the art.

In addition, the gap between the two walls 110 and 120 at the layers of blocks not being nested is very small, because of the reduced dimensions of the grooves and the housing ends. These ends being substantially planar it is possible to position them near the large vertical faces of the blocks of the two walls 110 and 120 arranged perpendicularly. This gap between the blocks is typically filled by a laying mortar.

In the wall shown in Figures 8 and 9, the grooves of the layers of bunks bunks are aligned; thus, if one wishes to pass there for example pipes, cables etc ..., it suffices to pierce the blind ends of the blind grooves and blind tubular galleries (by piercing the sails of pose) to obtain a tubular gallery and an associated groove extending over the entire height of the wall.

It can be seen from these figures that the wall obtained is very regular; all the grooves of the different layers of blocks are aligned with each other, unlike the wall shown in Figure 3 made with blocks according to the state of the art, which allowed the use of a reduced number of grooves.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS1. Block (P) consisting of a mass of concrete or mortar having a general rectangular parallelepiped shape, the two large vertical faces (10, 10 ') are each pierced by a plurality of vertical grooves (12, 13) opening into tubular galleries (14, 15) which are formed in the mass of the block, said vertical grooves (12, 13) and tubular galleries (14, 15) running over substantially the entire height (H) of the block, said block (P) being characterized in that it is delimited on its sides by substantially planar and rectangular lateral faces (16, 16 '), one of its lateral faces (16 or 16') having at least one inner fitting groove (20). extending over at least a part of its height (H), its other side face (16 'or 16) presenting for its part at least one projection (21) of complementary shape extending over at least a part of its height (H ), two blocks of this type can thus be being assembled by interlocking their projection (s) (21) and internal groove (s) interlocking (s) (20) complementary and abutment of their side faces (16, 16 '). 2. Block (P) according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the side faces (16, 16 ') comprises an inner groove nesting (20) and a projection (21) of complementary shape, the inner groove of interlocking (20) and the projection (21) of a side face (16 or 16 ') of the block (P) being respectively disposed facing the projection (21) and the inner groove of interlocking (20) of the other side face (16 or 16 ') of the block (P). 3. block (P) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said groove (s) inner (s) nesting (20) and projection (s) (21) extend over the entire height (H ) of the block (P). 4. Block (P) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said groove (s) inner (s) nesting (20) and projection (s) (21) have trapezoidal shapes. . Block (P) according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that: - the block (P) has a length of 400 to 500 mm, a height of 200 to 300 mm, a thickness of 120 to 200 mm, the inner groove (s) of interlocking (20) and projections (21) have a height of between 5 and 10 mm. 6. Block (P) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one vertical groove (12) and at least one tubular gallery (14) opening on the lower face (19) of the block (P ), and non-emergent on the 10 0 upper face (18) of the block (P). 7. Block (P) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two vertical grooves (13) and two tubular galleries (15) extending over the entire height (H) of the block (P), said vertical grooves (13) each opening on a large vertical face (10, 10`) distinct, and being distributed over the length (L) of the block (P). 8. Block (P) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises five vertical grooves (12) opening on each of the large vertical faces (10, 10 '). 9. Block (P) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a cutting primer (24) substantially perpendicular to the large vertical faces (10, 10 '). 10. Wall made by assembling blocks (P) according to one of claims 1 to 9 arranged in layers of bunks bunks, the blocks (P) of the same layer being butted dry. 25