FR2945971A1 - METHOD FOR PADLING A SHEET ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR THE BODY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE - Google Patents
METHOD FOR PADLING A SHEET ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR THE BODY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2945971A1 FR2945971A1 FR0953479A FR0953479A FR2945971A1 FR 2945971 A1 FR2945971 A1 FR 2945971A1 FR 0953479 A FR0953479 A FR 0953479A FR 0953479 A FR0953479 A FR 0953479A FR 2945971 A1 FR2945971 A1 FR 2945971A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- shoulders
- stamping
- sheet
- boss
- motor vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
Abstract
Procédé pour emboutir sur une tôle deux surfaces (4, 5) limitées entre elles par deux épaulements (6, 7) s'étendant transversalement l'un par rapport à l'autre et se raccordant l'un avec l'autre, une première surface (4) de la tôle étant raccordée au bord supérieur de chacun des deux épaulements (6, 7) et une seconde surface (5) de la tôle étant raccordée au bord inférieur de chacun de ces deux épaulements, (6, 7) procédé dans lequel, on procède à un premier emboutissage, puis à un second emboutissage de calibrage pour réduire le rayon de courbure entre chacun des deux épaulements (6, 7) et la seconde surface (5) de la tôle, caractérisé en ce que lors du premier emboutissage, on emboutit sur la seconde surface (5) dans la zone de raccordement entre les deux épaulements (6, 7), un bossage (8) permettant de réduire localement la profondeur d'emboutissage.Method for stamping on a metal sheet two surfaces (4, 5) bounded by two shoulders (6, 7) extending transversely relative to one another and connecting with each other, a first surface (4) of the sheet being connected to the upper edge of each of the two shoulders (6, 7) and a second surface (5) of the sheet being connected to the lower edge of each of these two shoulders, (6, 7) in which, a first stamping is carried out, then a second stamping to reduce the radius of curvature between each of the two shoulders (6, 7) and the second surface (5) of the sheet, characterized in that during the first stamping is stamped on the second surface (5) in the connection area between the two shoulders (6, 7), a boss (8) for locally reducing the depth of stamping.
Description
PROCEDE D'EMBOUTISSAGE D'UN ELEMENT EN TOLE, NOTAMMENT DE LA CAISSE D'UN VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE La présente invention concerne un procédé pour emboutir sur une tôle deux surfaces limitées entre elles par deux épaulements s'étendant transversalement l'un par rapport à l'autre et se raccordant l'un avec l'autre. L'invention concerne également l'application du procédé selon l'invention à l'emboutissage d'un élément en tôle de la caisse d'un véhicule automobile et plus particulièrement, l'emboutissage de la zone inférieure du montant de baie d'un côté d'habitacle de la caisse d'un véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to a process for stamping on a sheet metal two surfaces which are bounded by two shoulders extending transversely with respect to one another. The invention relates to a method for pressing a sheet of metal. other and connecting with each other. The invention also relates to the application of the method according to the invention to the stamping of a sheet metal element of the body of a motor vehicle and more particularly, the stamping of the lower zone of the amount of bay of a cockpit side of the body of a motor vehicle.
La figure 1 représente une vue en plan partielle d'un côté d'habitacle de la caisse d'un véhicule automobile. Sur cette figure, la zone 1 entourée par des pointillés est la zone inférieure du montant de baie 2 du pare-brise du côté d'habitacle 3. La figure 2 est une vue en coupe à échelle agrandie suivant le plan II-II de la figure 1. La zone 1 de la figure 1 est une zone emboutie sur une tôle qui présente deux surfaces 4, 5 limitées entre elles par deux épaulements 6 et 7. L'un 6 de ces deux épaulements est représenté sur la figure 2. Une première surface 4 est raccordée au bord supérieur de chacun des deux 20 épaulements 6, 7 et la seconde surface 5 est raccordée en bord inférieur de chacun des deux épaulements 6, 7. Pour emboutir la zone 1, comme d'ailleurs, le reste du côté d'habitacle 3, de façon connue, on procède à un premier emboutissage lors duquel les épaulements 6, 7 sont raccordés à la surface 5 par un rayon de courbure R (voir 25 figure 2) relativement important. On procède ensuite à un second emboutissage dit de calibrage lors duquel le rayon de courbure précité est réduit, comme représenté en pointillés sur la figure 2. Lors de ce second emboutissage, la zone de raccordement entre les deux 30 épaulements 6, 7 et la surface 5 de la tôle est étirée de telle sorte que la tôle risque de se déchirer. Ce risque de déchirure de la tôle existe surtout dans la zone dans laquelle les deux épaulements 6, 7 se raccordent l'un à l'autre. Figure 1 shows a partial plan view of a cockpit side of the body of a motor vehicle. In this figure, the area 1 surrounded by dotted lines is the lower zone of the amount of bay 2 of the windshield of the cockpit side 3. Figure 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale along the plane II-II of the 1. Zone 1 of FIG. 1 is a zone stamped on a sheet which has two surfaces 4, 5 limited to one another by two shoulders 6 and 7. One of these two shoulders is shown in FIG. first surface 4 is connected to the upper edge of each of the two shoulders 6, 7 and the second surface 5 is connected to the lower edge of each of the two shoulders 6, 7. To stamp the zone 1, as indeed, the rest of the cockpit side 3, in a known manner, a first stamping is carried out in which the shoulders 6, 7 are connected to the surface 5 by a relatively large radius of curvature R (see FIG. 2). A second so-called calibration press is then carried out during which the aforesaid radius of curvature is reduced, as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2. During this second stamping, the zone of connection between the two shoulders 6, 7 and the surface 5 of the sheet is stretched so that the sheet may tear. This risk of tearing of the sheet exists especially in the area in which the two shoulders 6, 7 are connected to one another.
Le but de la présente invention est d'apporter une solution simple au problème ci-dessus. Ce but est atteint, selon l'invention, grâce à un procédé pour emboutir sur une tôle deux surfaces limitées entre elles par deux épaulements s'étendant transversalement l'un par rapport à l'autre et se raccordant l'un avec l'autre, une première surface de la tôle étant raccordée au bord supérieur de chacun des deux épaulements et une seconde surface de la tôle étant raccordée au bord inférieur de chacun de ces deux épaulements, procédé dans lequel, on procède à un premier emboutissage, puis à un second emboutissage de calibrage pour réduire le rayon de courbure entre chacun des deux épaulements et la seconde surface de la tôle, caractérisé en ce que lors du premier emboutissage, on emboutit sur la seconde surface dans la zone de raccordement entre les deux épaulements un bossage permettant de réduire localement la profondeur d'emboutissage. II a été constaté que le bossage ci-dessus permettait d'éviter la déchirure de la tôle lors de la seconde opération d'emboutissage. Ce bossage présente de préférence, une surface arrondie en saillie sur la seconde surface de la tôle. De préférence également, ledit bossage déborde de part et d'autre du plan bissecteur du dièdre formé par les deux épaulements. The object of the present invention is to provide a simple solution to the problem above. This object is achieved, according to the invention, by means of a method for stamping on a sheet two surfaces bounded by two shoulders extending transversely with respect to one another and connecting with each other , a first surface of the sheet being connected to the upper edge of each of the two shoulders and a second surface of the sheet being connected to the lower edge of each of these two shoulders, in which method, a first stamping is carried out, then a second calibration embossing to reduce the radius of curvature between each of the two shoulders and the second surface of the sheet, characterized in that during the first stamping, a boss is pressed on the second surface in the connection zone between the two shoulders; to locally reduce the depth of stamping. It was found that the boss above prevented the tearing of the sheet during the second stamping operation. This boss preferably has a rounded surface projecting on the second surface of the sheet. Also preferably, said boss overflows on either side of the bisecting plane of the dihedron formed by the two shoulders.
Avantageusement, ledit bossage est raccordé à chacun desdits épaulements par une zone surélevée par rapport à la zone de raccordement entre la seconde surface de la tôle et chacun desdits épaulements. Selon une version préférée de l'invention, ledit bossage englobe un volume de matière en tôle qui compense sensiblement le volume de matière en tôle qui est étiré du fait de la réduction du rayon de courbure réalisée lors du second emboutissage de calibrage. Le procédé selon l'invention peut s'appliquer à l'emboutissage d'un élément en tôle de la caisse d'un véhicule automobile et en particulier à l'emboutissage de la zone inférieure du montant de baie d'un côté d'habitacle de la caisse d'un véhicule automobile. D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore tout au long de la description ci-après. Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples, non limitatifs : - la figure 3 est une vue en perspective montrant le bossage réalisé selon l'invention, lors du premier emboutissage de la tôle, - la figure 4 est une vue en perspective à plus grande échelle du bossage montré sur la figure 2. Advantageously, said boss is connected to each of said shoulders by an area raised relative to the connection area between the second surface of the sheet and each of said shoulders. According to a preferred version of the invention, said boss includes a volume of sheet material which substantially compensates for the volume of sheet material which is stretched due to the reduction of the radius of curvature achieved during the second sizing. The method according to the invention can be applied to the stamping of a sheet metal element of the body of a motor vehicle and in particular to the stamping of the lower zone of the amount of bay on one side of the passenger compartment of the body of a motor vehicle. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent throughout the description below. In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting example: FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the projection made according to the invention, during the first stamping of the sheet, FIG. larger scale of the boss shown in Figure 2.
La figure 3 montre sous une échelle agrandie la zone emboutie 1 de la figure 1. La tôle emboutie présente comme sur la figure 1, deux surfaces 4, 5 limitées entre elles par deux épaulements 6, 7 s'étendant transversalement l'un par rapport à l'autre et se raccordant l'un avec l'autre. FIG. 3 shows, under an enlarged scale, the stamped zone 1 of FIG. 1. The stamped plate has, as in FIG. 1, two surfaces 4, 5 limited by two shoulders 6, 7 extending transversely relative to one another. to each other and connecting with each other.
Une première surface 4 de la tôle est raccordée au bord supérieur de chacun des deux épaulements 6, 7 et une seconde surface 5 de la tôle est raccordée au bord inférieur de chacun de ces deux épaulements, 6, 7. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à procéder à un premier emboutissage, puis à un second emboutissage de calibrage pour réduire le rayon de courbure entre chacun des deux épaulements 6, 7 et la seconde surface 5 de la tôle. Conformément à l'invention, lors du premier emboutissage, on emboutit sur la seconde surface 5, dans la zone de raccordement entre les deux épaulements 6, 7, un bossage 8 permettant de réduire localement la profondeur d'emboutissage. A first surface 4 of the sheet is connected to the upper edge of each of the two shoulders 6, 7 and a second surface 5 of the sheet is connected to the lower edge of each of these two shoulders, 6, 7. The method according to the invention is to perform a first stamping, then a second stamping to reduce the radius of curvature between each of the two shoulders 6, 7 and the second surface 5 of the sheet. According to the invention, during the first stamping, is stamped on the second surface 5, in the connection area between the two shoulders 6, 7, a boss 8 for locally reducing the depth of stamping.
Ce bossage 8 présente une surface arrondie en saillie sur la seconde surface 5 de la tôle. De plus, ce bossage 8 déborde de part et d'autre du plan bissecteur P du dièdre formé par les deux épaulements 6 et 7. Par ailleurs, ce bossage 8 est raccordé à chacun des épaulements 6, 7 par 25 une zone surélevée 9 par rapport à la zone de raccordement 6a, 7a entre la seconde surface 5 de la tôle et chacun des épaulements 6, 7. On voit également sur les figures 3 et 4 que le bossage 8 présente la forme générale d'un haricot dont le contour présente une courbe 8a dont la concavité est dirigée vers la zone de raccordement entre les deux épaulements 6, 7 et une 30 courbe 8b dont la convexité est dirigée vers l'extérieur des épaulements 6, 7. La figure 4 représente deux lignes L1 et L2 correspondant chacune avec l'intersection entre la surface extérieure de la tôle et le plan bissecteur P défini plus haut. This boss 8 has a rounded surface projecting on the second surface 5 of the sheet. In addition, this boss 8 overflows on both sides of the bisector plane P of the dihedron formed by the two shoulders 6 and 7. Moreover, this boss 8 is connected to each of the shoulders 6, 7 by an elevated zone 9 by relative to the connection zone 6a, 7a between the second surface 5 of the sheet and each of the shoulders 6, 7. It can also be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 that the boss 8 has the general shape of a bean whose outline presents a curve 8a whose concavity is directed towards the connection zone between the two shoulders 6, 7 and a curve 8b whose convexity is directed outwardly from the shoulders 6, 7. FIG. 4 represents two corresponding lines L1 and L2 each with the intersection between the outer surface of the sheet and the bisecting plane P defined above.
La ligne L1 représentée en pointillés est celle obtenue lors du premier emboutissage. Cette ligne L1 montre du fait de la présence du bossage 8 que dans la zone de raccordement entre les deux épaulements 6, 7, la profondeur de l'emboutissage est plus faible que dans les zones adjacentes 6a, 7a. La ligne L2 montre qu'après le second emboutissage, le bossage 8 a disparu, la profondeur d'emboutissage est dans la zone de raccordement entre les deux épaulements 6, 7 égale à la profondeur d'emboutissage dans les zones adjacentes 6a, 7a. Line L1 shown in dashed lines is that obtained during the first stamping. This line L1 shows because of the presence of the boss 8 that in the connection area between the two shoulders 6, 7, the depth of the stamping is lower than in the adjacent areas 6a, 7a. Line L2 shows that after the second stamping, the boss 8 has disappeared, the drawing depth is in the connection area between the two shoulders 6, 7 equal to the drawing depth in the adjacent areas 6a, 7a.
Par ailleurs, le rayon de courbure entre les épaulements 6, 7 et la surface 5 a été réduit. On constate que lors du second emboutissage dit de calibrage aucune fissure, ni déchirure, ni autre défaut de la tôle n'apparaît, malgré l'étirage de la tôle dû à la réduction du rayon de courbure. Moreover, the radius of curvature between the shoulders 6, 7 and the surface 5 has been reduced. It is found that during the second embossing said calibration no crack, tear or other defect of the sheet does not appear, despite the stretching of the sheet due to the reduction of the radius of curvature.
Ce résultat s'explique par la présence du bossage 8 réalisé lors du premier emboutissage qui forme une réserve de matière qui compense le volume de matière qui est étiré du fait de la réduction du rayon de courbure réalisée lors du second emboutissage. L'étendue du bossage 8 est fonction de la réserve de matière que l'on doit constituer pour éviter l'apparition de fissure ou de déchirure. Celle-ci dépend de la profondeur de l'emboutissage et de la réduction du rayon de courbure réalisée lors du second emboutissage. Bien entendu, l'invention peut s'appliquer à l'emboutissage de tout autre élément en tôle que celui présenté à titre d'exemple dans la présente description.25 This result is explained by the presence of the boss 8 made during the first stamping which forms a reserve of material that compensates for the volume of material that is stretched due to the reduction of the radius of curvature achieved during the second stamping. The extent of the boss 8 is a function of the reserve of material that must be constituted to prevent the appearance of crack or tear. This depends on the depth of the stamping and the reduction of the radius of curvature achieved during the second stamping. Of course, the invention can be applied to the stamping of any other sheet metal element than that presented by way of example in the present description.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0953479A FR2945971B1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | METHOD FOR PADLING A SHEET ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR THE BODY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
PCT/FR2010/050714 WO2010136683A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-04-13 | Method for punching a sheet metal element, in particular the frame of an automobile |
EP10723668A EP2435197A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-04-13 | Method for punching a sheet metal element, in particular the frame of an automobile |
CN201080022759.XA CN102448634B (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-04-13 | Method for punching a sheet metal element |
RU2011153316/02A RU2534650C2 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-04-13 | Stamping of element from metal sheet, particularly, of car frame |
BRPI1007748-0A BRPI1007748B1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-04-13 | STAMPING METHOD OF AN ELEMENT OF METAL PLATE, APPLICATION OF THE SAME, IN PARTICULAR, IN THE BODY OF AN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0953479A FR2945971B1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | METHOD FOR PADLING A SHEET ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR THE BODY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2945971A1 true FR2945971A1 (en) | 2010-12-03 |
FR2945971B1 FR2945971B1 (en) | 2011-05-13 |
Family
ID=41718575
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR0953479A Active FR2945971B1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | METHOD FOR PADLING A SHEET ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR THE BODY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2435197A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102448634B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI1007748B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2945971B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2534650C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010136683A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103480755A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-01-01 | 苏州工业园区高登威科技有限公司 | Repeated stamping and fixing method of workpiece |
FR3031322B1 (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2017-01-13 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | SHAPING A BOTTOM EDGE WITH COUNTER-TILE REFLEX |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19835998A1 (en) * | 1998-08-08 | 2000-02-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Sealing channel for a door or tailgate opening or method for its production |
EP1375682A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-01-02 | Neturen Co., Ltd. | Flanged parts producing method, and heat treating device and heat treating method |
FR2849059A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-25 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Localized heat treatment of pressed metal components comprises induction heating to austenite temperature and brutal cooling, e.g. for motor vehicle components |
EP1818115A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-15 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Method for manufacturing a structural or chassis element for motor vehicles and structural or chassis element |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU1484407A1 (en) * | 1987-06-10 | 1989-06-07 | Волжское объединение по производству легковых автомобилей | Die for drawing parts of intricate shape in plane intricate view |
SU1731357A1 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1992-05-07 | Волжское объединение по производству легковых автомобилей "АвтоВАЗ" | Method of braking sheet workpiece flange |
DE102007018705A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell system |
CN101337251A (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-07 | 西德科东昌汽车座椅技术有限公司 | Stamping manufacture method of sedan seat backrest headrest-plate |
-
2009
- 2009-05-27 FR FR0953479A patent/FR2945971B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-04-13 WO PCT/FR2010/050714 patent/WO2010136683A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-13 CN CN201080022759.XA patent/CN102448634B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-04-13 BR BRPI1007748-0A patent/BRPI1007748B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-04-13 EP EP10723668A patent/EP2435197A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-13 RU RU2011153316/02A patent/RU2534650C2/en active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19835998A1 (en) * | 1998-08-08 | 2000-02-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Sealing channel for a door or tailgate opening or method for its production |
EP1375682A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-01-02 | Neturen Co., Ltd. | Flanged parts producing method, and heat treating device and heat treating method |
FR2849059A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-25 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Localized heat treatment of pressed metal components comprises induction heating to austenite temperature and brutal cooling, e.g. for motor vehicle components |
EP1818115A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-15 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Method for manufacturing a structural or chassis element for motor vehicles and structural or chassis element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI1007748A2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
BRPI1007748B1 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
CN102448634B (en) | 2014-08-20 |
CN102448634A (en) | 2012-05-09 |
WO2010136683A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
EP2435197A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
RU2011153316A (en) | 2013-07-10 |
FR2945971B1 (en) | 2011-05-13 |
RU2534650C2 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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