FR2891285A1 - METHOD OF ABSORPTION OF SHOCK AGAINST A SAFETY BARRIER FOR CIRCULATION PATHWAY AND SAFETY BARRIER FOR IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention aims to prevent any risk of overturning vehicles while limiting the violence of shocks.For this purpose, the invention relates to a safety barrier comprising a support "indeformable" (10), a slide (20) equipped with at least one horizontal rail (21), and means for holding (22) the slide (20) on the "indeformable" support (10). The slideway is connected to the "indeformable" support by means of holding means in the rest position in which the holding means retain the offset bar of the support, the holding means comprising at least one deformable portion (24) calibrated to yield in case of shock so that the slide shifts in the operating position where the rail tends to approach the support while shifting upwardly, and at least a "deformable" portion (23, 28) so that the rail hangs against the support in the high position.

Description

METHOD OF ABSORPTING SHOCK AGAINST A BARRIER

  SAFETY FOR TRAFFIC AND SECURITY BARRIER

IMPLEMENTATION.

  The invention relates to a method for improving the energy absorption of a vehicle impact against a taxiway safety barrier, and to a safety barrier comprising at least one stabilizing rail for implementation of the method.

  Many traffic lanes are equipped with safety barriers or separators designed to limit the damage caused by a damaged vehicle, absorbing the shock and / or avoiding the crossing of the vehicle to a lane in the opposite direction or to an obstacle.

  If the safety barriers can absorb shock by their controlled deformation, they are not, in general, strong enough to prevent a truck from crossing them.

  This is why the routes used by many trucks are generally equipped not with a deformable safety barrier, but rigid separator most often made of concrete to stop the race of a truck. The separator usually has a so-called New Jersey profile which proves particularly unfavorable for light vehicles because, in the event of percussion, it causes a first violent impact, favoring a speed of departure (or "exit") of the very light barrier. important, as well as a large deflection angle, which is in itself extremely serious since it poses the risk of collisions with other vehicles or with other obstacles and can project the vehicle into the side ditch opposite the barrier of security, or against a wall or whatever.

  In addition, this profile has two concave flanks, slightly converging, rising towards the top, rising above a base, and each flank acts for a light vehicle as a springboard because of a very close relationship. unfavorable between the average diameter of the wheels of passenger vehicles and the height of the base, and because of the adherent couple concrete-rubber because it is the tires that are first in contact with the wall.

  Thus, during a collision against the separator, the wheels on the separator side mount on the base and are guided upward while the wheels on the side of the roadway always remain in contact with the ground.

  The vehicle is thus projected upwards because of the vertical component introduced by the sidewall, and the destabilized vehicle can turn during its "exit" trajectory of the barrier.

  Patent EP 0 604 277 describes a safety device intended to solve this problem of turning over damaged vehicles.

  This device consists of a horizontal rail adapted to have a vertical resistance to a shock directed from below upwards and to present a deformability for a side impact.

  As a result, the rail in accordance with this document absorbs some of the energy of a side impact but resists strongly to prevent any upward movement.

  In one embodiment, the lateral deformability causes a sliding deformability sliding relative to the support, the lower end of the bar being free of movement. This has the effect of giving the deformable assembly (the rail) a preferred rigidity, to withstand shocks having an ascending component and, conversely, a preferred deformability downwards intended to promote the folding of vehicles and to to thwart their elevation.

  Although in practice such a device has given good results in the prevention of barrels, the Applicant has noticed that this device causes violent shocks inside the vehicles since the upward movement is thwarted by the smooth which has a antagonistic movement: the percussion speed between the vehicle and the rail remains the sum of the vehicle's upward speed and the descending speed of the rail.

  The object of the present invention is to prevent any risk of vehicle rollover while limiting the violence of shocks, to improve the safety of the people in the passenger compartment and to avoid the uncontrolled return of the vehicle on the road that can cause other shocks (hereinafter on-accident).

  To do this, the invention proposes to provide a barrier rail capable of absorbing a portion of the vertical component of a shock 5 while ultimately opposing the elevation and overturning of a vehicle accident.

  More specifically, the subject of the invention is a method for improving the energy absorption of a vehicle impact against a traffic lane safety barrier comprising, in the operational position, a support of an indeformable nature having a peak, a slideway equipped with at least one horizontal beam element, and means for holding the slideway on the dimensionally stable support, said method consisting in absorbing at least part of the upward vertical component energy of an impact by tilting of the slideway of a so-called rest position, in which the holding means keep the beam offset from the support relative to a vertical plane, towards a so-called operating position, in which the rail tends to approach the support in a horizontal plane while going up to the top of the support, then hangs against the support in the up position to oppose a reversal of the vehicle.

  According to more particular embodiments, the method further comprises the step of communicating at least a portion of the upward energy of the impact to the means for holding by transmitting this energy to at least one deformable portion of these holding means.

  The subject of the invention is also a safety barrier intended to be arranged along traffic lanes, comprising, in operational position, a support of an indeformable nature having an apex, a slideway equipped with at least one horizontal rail, and means for maintaining the slideway on the dimensionally stable support, in which the beam is connected to the support that can not be deformed by holding means in the rest position, in which the holding means keep the beam offset from the support relative to in a vertical plane, the holding means comprising at least one deformable portion calibrated to yield in case of shock so that the slide in the rest position shifts in the operating position, wherein the rail tends to move closer to the support in a horizontal plane while going up towards the top of the support, and at least a non-deformable part so that the rail hangs against the support in posit high ion to oppose a reversal of the vehicle.

  According to particular embodiments: the holding means comprise a spreading arm formed of a non-deformable part of fixing in support in cooperation with a fixing means in support, of at least one connecting part to the smooth, by means of attachment to the rail, and at least one deformable portion which is deformed in case of impact so that the arm approaches the support in a horizontal plane while going up to the top of the support , then hangs against the support in the up position to oppose a reversal of the vehicle; E the smooth consists of a profile having a front face, an upper face and a lower face; The upper and lower faces are connected by an indeformable coupling means for transmitting at least a portion of the upward energy of a shock on the lower face to the upper face; The indeformable coupling means is a through bolt; The coupling means of the upper and lower faces further allows the attachment of an adjacent horizontal stringer element; The holding means further comprise an indeformable part forming a locking stop in the high position; The slide includes an additional energy absorbing device having a calibrated resistance to deformation; E calibrated resistance to deformation is increasing; At least one deformable portion of the holding means has a preferred deformation zone; The undeformable support is chosen from the group comprising concrete separators, stone walls, concrete walls, bridge piers, indeformable metal structures and non-deformable wooden structures; É the rails consist of elements taken from the group of profiled metal parts, logs of wood, composite materials, elements made up of a log combination of wood / metal core.

  Other characteristics of the invention will be set forth in the following detailed description with reference to the appended figures which represent, respectively: FIG. 1, a sectional view of a barrier according to the invention in the rest position ; - Figure 2, a sectional view of the barrier of Figure 1 in the use position after a shock; FIG. 3, an exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 showing the longitudinal assembly of the slideway on the dimensionally stable support; FIG. 4a, a sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention; - Figure 4b, a sectional view of the second embodiment of Figure 4a in use position after a shock; FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention in the rest position; - Figure 7, a sectional view of the barrier of Figure 6 in the use position after a shock; - Figure 8, a sectional view of a variant of the embodiment of Figure 6 having a preferred deformation zone 30 induced by the shape of the holding means; - Figure 9, a sectional view of the barrier of Figure 8 in the use position after a shock; - Figure 10, a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention; - Figure 11, a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the invention having a deformable housing; FIG. 12, a sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the invention having an additional energy absorbing device, and FIGS. 13 and 14, perspective views of various embodiments of the arms. retractors.

  In the following description, the term "deformation" or "deformable" is used in the sense of plastic deformation, that is to say a definitive deformation which has almost no resilience, as opposed to elastic deformation.

  On the other hand, the indeformable nature of an element is understood as substantially less deformable than the so-called deformable elements D. It is the difference in deformability that is important.

  Some systems of the state of the art grouped under the general term of wheel-blower have elastic rubber parts which yield during an impact and return to their original shape by returning the vehicle by rebound towards the road without absorbing the least energy since the one that compressed the parts during the shock is returned to the vehicle when these parts return to their original shape.

  In other words, this device is intended to repel vehicles to the driving lane, even at the cost of the very serious danger of projecting the vehicle to a lane where other vehicles circulate.

  Conversely, according to the method of the invention, the upward energy absorption phase not only reduces the violence of the shock against the barrier by accompanying the movement, but also reduces the risk of accident by decreasing the speed of return on the taxiway and decreasing the length of the stop of the vehicle.

  More specifically, the method consists in communicating at least a portion of the upward energy of the shock to the transmission holding means to at least one deformable portion of these holding means, so that the slide from the rest position to the operating position and that, in this position, the holding means allow the rail to approach the support in a horizontal plane, while going up to the top of the support, and then to lock against the support. high position to oppose a reversal of the vehicle.

  Figures 1 to 12 illustrate a safety barrier for carrying out the method according to the invention.

  The safety barrier shown in FIG. 1 comprises a deformable support 10 of the concrete separator type and a slide 20 fixed to the separator by a bolt 30. This bolt 30 is not of the same type as those used on the safety barriers mounted on known vertical metal supports. On the latter, bolts are fuse type that is to say, they are calibrated to yield under a shock to release the slide of the vertical supports. On the contrary, in the present invention, the bolts 30 are calibrated so as not to give way under impact in order to maintain anchoring of the slide on the separator 10.

  The separator 10 shown is simple, that is, it has a steep side 11 and a New Jersey profile side 12.

  A single separator is used on the shoulder, that is to say in operational position the steep side 1 is opposite the traffic lane and the profiled side 12 is facing the taxiway V. Of course, this embodiment of slide as the following described below can be fixed indifferently on single separators used in the shoulder or double separators having two sides 12- used in the central reservation.

  The slideway 20 comprises a rail 21 connected to the side 12 of the separator 10 by a spreader arm 22 secured to the support by the bolt 30. The arm 22 and the bolt 30 form a means for holding the rail 21 on the separator 10.

  The spreader arm 22 is provided with a non-deformable part 23 for attachment to the support 10 and a deformable part 24 able to twist in case of impact.

  This spreader arm 22 further comprises a fastening portion 25 to the rail 21. In this embodiment, the fastening portion 25 to the rail 21 has an inverted C profile which allows a double attachment on the upper face 26 and lower 27 of the stringer 21.

  The attachment means of the arm 22 on the rail 21 is here a through bolt 28 which passes inside lights (not visible) located opposite the upper faces 26 and 27 of the bottom smooth 21 and the 15 branches of the C inverted of the fixing part 25.

  In this conformation, the spacer arm 22 maintains the arm 21 offset from the support 10 relative to a vertical plane.

  When a vehicle hits the barrier (Figure 2), the shock has a vertical component and a horizontal component. The present invention makes it possible to absorb at least a portion of the energy of these two components and still prevents the vehicle from turning over.

  More specifically, the deformable portion 24 is provided to yield by folding so that the slide 21 approaches the support horizontally while shifting upwardly towards the top 13 of the support 10. Thanks to the dimensionally stable part in the support 23, the arm 21 performs a pivoting movement at an angle α relative to the initial inclination i, and locks against the support in an operating position higher than the rest position. This blocking allows the slide 20 to oppose the overturning of the vehicle. The fact that the blocking occurs only after an upward movement of the slide allows it to absorb at least a portion of the vertical component of the shock.

  This has the effect of accompanying at least partly the upward movement of the vehicle while finally blocking it. The shock felt inside the vehicle is relatively softer, both in the ascending phase of the shock and in the downward phase where the vehicle is brought back on the taxiway V. By absorbing a part of the ascending shock, the return on the taxiway is less brutal which prevents the vehicle from bouncing 5 and causes an over-crash by striking other vehicles.

  The non-deformable through bolt 30 also participates in blocking the slideway 20 while maintaining a defined spacing of the faces 26 and 27 of the rail. As a result, the arm has a certain dimensionally stable geometry, even if the shock causes the deformation, for example, of the front face of the arm 21.

  In the embodiment shown, an end 29 of the rail 21 and the fixing portion 25 is free, so that the resistance to tilting is opposed, in a first step, only by the deformable portion 24 of the spreader arm 22.

  When this end 29 comes into contact with the support 10, it can participate in the resistance to tilt by deforming as shown in Figure 2. For this purpose a shape adapted to this deformation can be given at this end.

  The perspective view of FIG. 3 illustrates the particular interest of using a through bolt 29a, 29b as a means of indeformable coupling D. In fact, this means of coupling the faces 26a-27a and 26b27b of the elements of the stringer 21a and 21b allows the assembly and the adjacent attachment of these two elements. By varying the dimensions and tolerances, two adjacent elements 21a and 21b may not be fixed in alignment with one another and thus allow the installation of a barrier according to the invention along segments of Curved traffic lane, while ensuring the continuity of the smooth and the safety of the vehicles.

  Figure 4a illustrates a simpler embodiment of the invention in which the slideway 40 comprises a rail 41 and a spacer arm 42 associated with each other by a single attachment point.

  As before, the arm 42 comprises a deformable fixing portion 43 fixed to the support 10 by a bolt 30 of the same type as in the embodiment of FIG.

  A deformable portion 44 is in the extension of the portion 43 and precedes an attachment portion 45 to the heald 41.

  The upper faces 46 and lower 47 of the heald 41 are connected by an indeformable coupling bolt 48. A space e is formed between the free end 46a of the upper face 46 of the heald 41.

  During an impact (FIG. 4b), the deformable portion 44 deforms by absorbing at least a portion of the energy of the shock, which causes the arm 41 to move towards the support and to at least partially bridge the space e, while shifting towards the top of the support. When the arm 41 has pivoted and that it comes into contact with the support, it locks to oppose the overturning of the vehicle.

  Depending on the characteristics of the end 46a of the arm and / or its shape, this end 46a can deform against the support 10 and absorb some of the energy of the shock until the indeformable bolt 48 is locks against folded end 46a or support 10.

  Although this is not shown in Figure 4b, the part of the rail located between the bolt and the lane can also partially deform and absorb shock energy.

  When pivoting the beam, the bolt 48 transmits the rising energy of the impact on the lower face to the upper face.

  FIG. 5 represents a variant 50 of the embodiment of the slide 40 of FIGS. 4a and 4b which differ from it on the one hand in that the holding means 52 on the support 10 is an integral part of the rail 51 and constitutes a lower end thereof, and secondly, by the absence of space e between the free end 56a of the rail 51.

  During an impact, the deformable portion 54 of the holding means 52 and the end 56a deform so that the arm pivots and approaches the support 10, while shifting upwardly towards the top of the support 10.

  Then the rail locks when the dimensionally stable bolt 58 comes into contact with the folded end 56a or the support 10.

  The slide embodiment 60 of Figures 6 and 7 comprises a smooth 61 and a spacer arm 62 in the form of two C facing one another.

  The branches of the two Cs are coupled by an indeformable through bolt 68.

  The base of the C-arm constitutes a non-deformable fastening part 63 of the arm 62 on the support 10. The spreader arm 62 comprises two deformable parts 64a and 64b respectively joining the base 63 to the two wings 65a and 65b of the arm 62.

  The wings 65a and 65b constitute the attachment portions of the arm on the rail 61. This attachment is effected by a through bolt 5 that is dimensionally stable 68.

  In this configuration, the slide is in the rest position because the arm 62 keeps the arm 61 spaced apart from the support 10 relative to the vertical plane j by a distance eZ.

  Figure 7 shows the barrier of Figure 6 after a shock in which both parts 64a and 64b have deformed by absorbing a portion of the energy.

  The arm 61 has approached the support 10 in a horizontal plane so that the spacing distance e3 is almost zero.

  In FIGS. 6 and 7, the attachment bolt 30 of the arm 62 on the support 10 is situated substantially in the center of the dimensionally stable base 63.

  However, given the violence of some shocks, this base can still slightly distort. If the bolt is located too far away from the deformable portion 64a, the slide may pivot too high, thus preventing it from locking against the support 10 which would allow the overturning of the vehicle.

  To avoid this, it is preferable to place the fixing bolt between the center of the base 63 and the deformable portion 64a (see FIG. 8). Alternatively, it is possible to add a bolt between the central bolt 30 and the deformable portion 64a.

  The alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 has a slideway 80 comprising a rail 81 attached to a holding arm 82.

  The arm 82 has two deformable portions 84a and 84b the latter having a preferred deformation zone aimed firstly to facilitate the deformation, and secondly to guide this deformation upwardly and towards the support.

  This makes it possible to control the deformation of the slide.

  In addition, the smooth 81 also has a portion 81a absorbing the vertical energy of the shock.

  As previously the non-deformable portion of the arm 82 comprising the indeformable fastening base 83 and the dimensionally stable bolt 88, allows the locking of the arm in the up position in order to oppose the overturning of the vehicle.

  The embodiment of slideway 100 of FIG. 10 has a spacer arm 102 (see FIG. 13) having a non-deformable fixing portion 103 on the support 10, a deformable portion 104 allowing the beam to tilt in the use position and a part 105 for attachment to the arm 101.

  This fixing part comprises three successive loops 105a, 105b and 105c traversed from one side by an indeformable bolt 108.

  The operation of this embodiment during an impact is similar to that of the embodiments described above, but it allows additional energy absorption.

  More specifically, during tilting, the loop 105b comes into contact with the support 10 and / or the attachment portion 103 and is deformed by absorbing part of the upward and lateral energy of the impact.

  The loops 105a and 105c may, for their part, deform by absorbing part of the lateral energy of the shock after deformation of the arm.

  In a variant not shown, the portion 105 has only two loops -formant a S-profile 105a and 105b.

  The embodiment of FIG. 11 illustrates a slide 110 comprising a rail 111 and a spreader arm 112 holding the rail away from the support 10 in the rest position.

  The arm 112 comprises a fixing portion 113 to the support 112, a deformable portion 114 and a fixing portion 115 to the arm 111. This attachment is provided by a through bolt 118.

  The arm 112 further comprises a dimensionally stable casing 119. During the impact, the deformable portion 114 of the arm 112 allows pivoting upwards and towards the support of the arm 111 fixed to the attachment portion 115. The faces 116 and 117 Smooth 111 covers the casing 119 and the through bolt 118 locks against the casing 119. This thus forms a locking stop in the operating position thus preventing any reversal.

  This embodiment has the advantage of a light smooth since the locking stop is previously placed against the support and is not cantilevered on the spreader arm 112.

  The slide 120 of FIG. 12 is identical to that illustrated in FIG.

  It further comprises an additional energy absorbing device 130 having a calibrated resistance to deformation. This resistance can be continuous or increasing depending on the shape given to this device.

  In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 12, this additional absorption device is placed to present a deformation in the direction of the resultant shock. This resultant is oblique because it includes a vertical component and a horizontal component.

  In order to control the deformation, the device 130 preferably consists of a corrugated deformable element.

  FIG. 14 shows a variant of the spreader arm 140 having a fixing part 141 with a deformable support, two deformable parts 142a and 142b, and an attachment part 143 to the rail. The fastening portion 143 consists of two V-legs 143a and 143b.

  In the use position, the legs 143a and 143b form loops similar to the loops 105a and 105b of the arm 102 of Figures 10 and 13 and 20 provide the same function.

  According to other characteristics of the invention: the support of indeformable nature is chosen from the group comprising concrete separators, stone walls, concrete walls, bridge piers, non-deformable metal structures and structures wooden 25 dimensionally stable, etc .; É the smooth consist of elements taken from the group of profiled metal parts, logs of wood, composite materials, elements made of a combination log wood / metal core or other;

Claims (14)

  A method for improving the energy absorption of a vehicle impact against a traffic lane safety barrier comprising, in operative position, a deformable support (10) having an apex (13), a slider ( 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) equipped with at least one horizontal beam element (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111), and holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112) of the slide (20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) on the dimensionally stable support (10), characterized in that it consists in absorbing at least a part upward vertical component energy of a shock by tilting the slide (20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) of a so-called rest position, in which the holding means retain the arm ( 21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111) offset from the support relative to a vertical plane (j) towards a so-called operating position, in which the rail (21, 41, 51, 61, 81 , 101, 111) tends to approaching the support (10) in a horizontal plane while going up to the top (13) of the support, then hangs against the support (10) in the up position to oppose a reversal of the vehicle.   The absorption method of claim 1, further comprising the step of communicating at least a portion of the upward energy of the impact to the holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112). by transmitting to at least one deformable part (24, 44, 54, 64, 84, 104, 114) of these holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112).   3. A safety barrier intended to be arranged along traffic lanes, comprising, in the operational position, a support of an indeformable nature (10) having an apex (13), a slideway (20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) equipped with at least one horizontal rail (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111), and holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112) of the slide (20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) on the dimensionally stable support (10), characterized in that the slide (20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) is connected to the non-deformable support (10) by holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112) in the rest position in which the holding means retain the rail (21, 41, 51, 61, 81 101, 111) offset from the support relative to a vertical plane 6), the holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112) comprising at least one deformable part (24, 44, 54 , 64, 84, 104, 114) calibrated to yield in the event of impact so that the slide (20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 110) in the rest position moves in the operating position in which the arm (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111) tends to approach the support in a horizontal plane while shifting upwardly towards the top (13) of the support, and at least one non-deformable part (23, 28, 43, 48, 53, 58, 63, 68, 83, 88, 103 , 108, 113, 119) so that the rail (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111) is locked against the support (10) in the up position to oppose a reversal of the vehicle.   4. Safety barrier according to claim 3, wherein the holding means (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112) comprise a spacer arm (22, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 112). formed of a non-deformable part (23, 43, 53, 63, 83, 103, 113) for attachment to the support (10) in cooperation with a fastening means (30) to support (10), at least one connecting portion (25, 45, 55, 65, 85, 105, 115) to the beam (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111) by a fastening means (28, 48, 58) , 68, 88, 108, 118a, 118b) to the beam (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111), and at least one deformable portion (24, 44, 54, 64, 84, 104 , 114) which deforms in the event of impact so that the beam (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111) approaches the support in a horizontal plane while ascending towards the apex (13) of the support (10), then hangs against the support in the up position to oppose a reversal of the vehicle.   5. Safety barrier according to claim 3, wherein the rail (21, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 111) consists of a profile having a front face, an upper face (26, 46, 56). , 66, 86, 106, 116) and a lower face (27, 47, 57, 67, 87, 107, 117).   The safety barrier according to claim 5, wherein the upper (26, 46, 56, 66, 86, 106, 116) and lower (27, 47, 57, 67, 87, 107, 117) faces are connected by indeformable coupling means (28, 48, 58, 68, 88, 108) for transmitting at least a portion of the upward energy of a shock against the lower face (27, 47, 57, 67, 87, 107, 117) towards the upper face (26, 46, 56, 66, 86, 106, 116).   7. Safety barrier according to claim 6, wherein the dimensionally stable coupling means (28, 48, 58, 68, 88, 108) is a through bolt.   The safety barrier according to claim 6, wherein the coupling means (28, 48, 58, 68, 88, 108) of the upper (26, 46, 56, 66, 86, 106, 116) and lower ( 27, 47, 57, 67, 87, 107, 117) further allows the attachment of an adjacent horizontal beam member (21a-21b).   9. Safety barrier according to claim 3, wherein the holding means (112) further comprises a dimensionally stable portion (119) forming a locking stop in the high position.   The safety barrier of claim 3, wherein the slideway includes an additional energy absorbing device (130) having a calibrated resistance to deformation.   11. Safety barrier according to claim 10, wherein the calibrated resistance to deformation is increasing.   12. Safety barrier according to any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein at least one deformable portion (84b) of the holding means (82) has a preferred deformation zone.   13. Safety barrier according to any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein the non-deformable support (10) is selected from the group consisting of concrete separators, stone walls, concrete walls, bridge piers , indeformable metal structures and indeformable wooden structures.   14. Safety barrier according to any one of claims 3 to 13, wherein the rails consist of elements taken from the group of profiled metal parts, logs of wood, composite materials, elements consisting of a Log combination wooden / metal core.