FR2881916A1 - Shredder for use with tractor, has cutting tools, each comprising cutter blade including base sections that are placed side by side such that cutting sections of blades are mounted to diverge from each other to form angle - Google Patents

Abstract

The shredder has cutting tools, each comprising cutter blades (14, 15) including the respective base sections. The base sections are placed side by side such that cutting sections of the blades are mounted to diverge from each other to form an angle. The angle is formed such that the cutting tools have a Y shape in the longitudinal section. Each cutting tool has plates (20`, 21`) disposed between the blades.

Description

HORIZONTAL SHAFT MILL

  The present invention relates to a horizontal axis mill. It is a machine that allows the grinding of plants of all types, namely grass, branches, branches in the vineyards and orchards, fallows or meadows. It also allows the grinding of crop residues such as straw residues, corn or even sunflower. It is also commonly used for the maintenance of shoulders, roads or green spaces.

  It can be hitched to the front or rear of an agricultural tractor and can work in the axis of the tractor, or can also be deported to the right or left, and in some cases be inclined, especially for grinding embankments or canal banks.

  We already know a horizontal axis mill of this kind. It consists of a box, connected to the tractor for example by means of a coupling, and a rotor fixed in stages to the box to allow its rotation, and cutting tools are arranged on the periphery of the rotor . The grinding is done by a high speed rotation of the rotor, the moving tools cutting the material to grind and causing it to rotate inside the box. The material is then ejected at the back of the mill and settles on the ground. Several types of tools can be used for cutting. The most common are hammers, Y knives and a combination of Y knives and a palette. They are generally fixed between clevises welded on the rotor tube and held free in rotation by a screw and a nut. The hammer assembly makes it possible to increase the suction of the material inside the grinder chamber and to obtain a floor surface after fairly regular grinding. This operation however requires a great power of the tractor.

  Y mounting does not require such a high power, however, the ground surface after grinding is not of a regular appearance on the one hand and on the other hand the suction is low. Finally, the combination of Y-mounted knives and a pallet provides good suction, but the power required is very large.

  In addition, depending on the material to be cut, one obtains with these montages results that differ.

  The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a horizontal axis mill which does not require a large tractor power, and in particular only requires a power of the same order of magnitude as that required by assemblies in Y, but which nevertheless makes it possible to obtain a particularly smooth ground surface after grinding, without loosening on the ground of the locks in the direction of the tractor, but on the contrary an almost flat surface, as well as a finer grinding for the same suction power.

  According to a first aspect of the invention, the horizontal axis mill, comprising a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the mill body, with respect to a rotor axis, said horizontal axis, the rotor having a cylindrical envelope surface, in particular circular cylindrical surface , on which are rotatably mounted relative to a respective cutting tool axis, at least one cutting tool said Y, each cutting tool said Y having first and second bent plates, each bent plate having a portion and on the other side of the bend a base section and a section section, the two base sections of the first and second bent plates being mounted opposite each other, while the two section sections of the first and second plates The cubits are mounted so as to diverge from each other forming a first angle between them so that the tool, in section in a plane perpendicular to a base section and passing through the axis of the tool, com is Y-shaped, characterized in that each cutting tool has at least third and fourth plates disposed between the first and second bent plates.

  According to a second aspect of the invention, the horizontal axis mill, comprising a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the mill body, relative to a rotor axis, said horizontal axis, the rotor having a cylindrical envelope surface, in particular circular cylindrical surface , on which are mounted rotatably relative to a respective cutting tool axis, at least one cutting tool said Y, each cutting tool said Y having at least first and second bent plates, each bent plate having On either side of the elbow is a base section and a sectional section, with the base sections of the first and second elbow plates being mounted opposite each other, while the two sections of cutting the two first and second bent plates are mounted so as to diverge from one another forming between them a first angle so that the tool, in section in a plane perpendicular to the base sections and passing pa the axis of the tool comprises a Y-shape, characterized in that each cutting tool comprises third and fourth additional plates, between which are arranged the at least first and second bent plates.

  By this arrangement, a particularly efficient grinding is obtained and in particular which does not leave wicks on the ground in the direction of the tractor, but on the contrary a surface after flat grinding, and without requiring a very important engine power.

  According to a preferred embodiment, the third and fourth plates are bent, defining each one on either side of the bend a base section and a section of cut, the two section sections forming between them a second angle.

  This double Y or combilam arrangement results in particularly fine grinding.

  Preferably, the base sections of the first and second bent plates are parallel.

  Preferably, the base section of the third bent plate is mounted parallel to the base section of the first bent plate, and the base section of the fourth bent plate is mounted parallel to the base section of the second bent plate.

  Preferably, the second angle is substantially equal to the first angle.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first, second, third and fourth plates have been fitted with interposing a spacer between the first and third plates and / or a spacer between the second and fourth plates and / or a spacer between the third and fourth plates and / or a spacer between the first and second plates.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the third and fourth additional bent plates are identical to the first and second bent plates.

  According to another particularly preferred embodiment, in the first aspect of the invention, the at least third and fourth additional bent plates have a different size from the first and second bent plates, and in particular their base section extends to bend the plate, in a direction normal to the rotor casing, over a greater height than the first and second bent plates.

  According to another particularly preferred embodiment, in the second aspect of the invention, the at least first and second bent plates have a different dimension of the third and fourth bent plates, and in particular their base section extends up to the elbow of the plate, in a direction normal to the rotor casing, over a greater height than the third and fourth bent plates.

  By thus providing different bent plates or knives, it is found that the material is also milled when it is close to the axis of the rotor so that the grinding is particularly effective.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Y-cutting tools are arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the rotor, two adjacent rows being offset relative to one another.

  Several preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the drawing in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mill according to the invention, whose cutting tools have not been installed; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a Y-mount cutter; Figure 3 is a front view of an embodiment of cutting tools of a mill according to the invention; Figure 4 is a front view of another embodiment of a cutting tool of a grinder according to the invention; FIG. 5 represents what is seen when the rotor 35 is viewed in a direction perpendicular to its axis, tangentially to the rotor casing, from a certain speed of rotation of the rotor, corresponding to a speed lower limit of rotation from which the eye can no longer distinguish between two cutting tools arranged offset from each other and one behind the other as he watches them turn, and the Figure 6 is a view equivalent to Figure 5 d in the case of 5 knives described in Figure 4.

  In Figure 1, there is shown a crusher consisting of a box 1 of a rigid material, which can be connected to the tractor via a hitch 2, which itself can optionally be provided with a device offset or tilt. The casing 1 is pushed or pulled by the tractor and rests on the ground thanks to wheels, a steel roller or simple wear pads 3.

  Inside the box, there is mounted a rotor 4, here cylindrical circular. This rotor consists of a tube made of a material with a high resistance, for example ena cier, at the ends of which are fixed on their axes q ui are each received in two bearings 7 fixed to the box, to thereby allow the free rotation of the rotor. On the rotor 4 are mounted cutting tools 8. In Figure 1 are only shown the fixing devices (clevises) pivoting cutting tools 8 on the rotor. The cutting tools 8 are shown for example in Figures 2 to 6. Figure 2 shows a mounting said Y which corresponds to a mounting of the prior art. A Y-cutting tool is constituted, in addition to the screw and nut fixing device 12 and 11 which allows the fixing of the cutting tool to the rotor by means of two supports or yokes 13, two knives 14 and 15 each formed of a bent plate, each knife 14, 15 consisting of a base section 16 and a cutting section 17 inclined with respect to the section 16 and separated from this section 16 at the bend 18. The two bent plates (or knives) 14 and 15 are rotatably mounted relative to an axis which corresponds to the axis of the screw 12, here also parallel to the axis of the rotor. The two cutting sections 14 and 15 are oriented in directions diverging from each other so that in longitudinal section, that is to say in section in a plane passing through the axis 12 and perpendicular to the In base sections 16, the cutting tool is Y-shaped. As seen in Figure 1, the cutting tools are mounted in rows extending along the axis of the rotor. Two adjacent rows 35 are offset relative to each other, that is to say that in a longitudinal plane, passing through one of the rows and by the axis of the rotor, the perpendicular projection of the cutting tools a neighboring row in this plane lies between two cutting tools in the row of the plane. In addition, the distance between two cutting rows is such that Y-cutting tools can rotate relative to their axis 12 without coming into contact with the cutting tools of the other rows.

  When one fictitiously unfolds the envelope of the rotor to form a plane, and that one looks in a direction parallel to the plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rotor, one sees (this corresponds to a view identical to those of FIGS. 5 or 6) the Y-cutters of different rows which intermingle each other.

  In Figures 5 and 6, the cutting tools 30, 40, 50, 60 and 30 ', 40', 50 ', 60' of four different rows intermingle.

  The four rows of the four cutting tools of Figures 5 and 6, are not necessarily four rows arranged next to each other. For example, there may be in fact six rows on the rotor, formed by Y-shaped cutting tools arranged in a helix, on the basis of the rows of yokes shown in FIG. 1. Thus, in FIGS. 5 and 6, FIG. cutting tool 30 or 30 'corresponds to the third row, the cutting tool 40 or 40' in the sixth row, the cutting tool 50 or 50 'in the second row and the cutting tool 60 or 60' in the fifth row. Continuing to the right of Figures 5 and 6, there is then a cutting tool (not shown) of the first row, then a cutting tool (not shown) of the fourth row and again a cutting tool (no represented) of the third row and so on.

  From a certain speed of rotation of the rotor (for example 20 revolutions per minute (rpm)), which corresponds to the limit of resolution of the eye, when one looks perpendicular to the axis of the rotor and tangentially to its envelope, we see a single line of cutting tools corresponding to what is shown in Figures 5 and 6.

  As seen in Figs. 5 and 6, a knife oriented in a row direction intertwines (imaginarily) with a knife oriented in the opposite direction of the cutting tools of another row.

  In reality the two rows are at a distance from each other so that the knives do not touch each other. However, as this is a moving view, it seems like the knives are cutting.

  In Figure 6, the same view as in Figure 5 is shown, but in the case of the knives of Figure 4, that is with auxiliary knives of length (measured perpendicular to the axis of rotor) of the baseplate larger than that of the main knives.

  As can be seen in FIG. 5 or FIG. 3, two auxiliary plates or knives 20, 21 of identical shape to the plates or knives 14, 15 are provided for each cutting tool, being mounted in pairs, this is that is to say that one of the auxiliary knives is mounted parallel to one of the knives 14 or 15 and the other auxiliary knife 21 is mounted parallel to the other knives 14, 15.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 or 6, provision can be made between two parallel knives, that is to say an auxiliary knife and a main knife, a spacer 22. However, the fact of providing this spacer is not mandatory. Similarly, one can provide different spacer widths in the same knife or a knife to another. In addition, it is also possible to provide a spacer between the auxiliary knives.

  In FIG. 3, the auxiliary knives have a dimension identical to the main knives 14, 15. According to another particularly preferred embodiment, represented in FIG. 4, the auxiliary knives 20 ', 21' have different dimensions from the main knives 14 In particular, the length of the base plate of the auxiliary knives 20 ', 21' is greater than the length (measured perpendicular to the rotor) of the base plate of the main knives 14, 15.

  The angle (first angle) formed between the two cutting sections of the main plates 14, 15 is between 0 (where the two plates are not bent) and 170. The angle (second angle) formed between the two cutting sections of the auxiliary plates 20, 20 ', 21, 21' is between 0 (where the two plates are not bent) and 170. In the figures, the two angles are equal, which makes it possible to obtain a particularly efficient grinding.

  However, they may also be different, especially the second angle may be smaller than the first angle. In use of the rotor, its rotational speed can be of the order of 1700 rpm to 2800 at 3000 rpm, for a translational speed of the tractor, in cutting mode, of the order of some km / h for example 4 km / h.

Claims (13)

  1. Horizontal axis mill comprising a rotor (4) rotatably mounted relative to the mill body, with respect to a rotor axis, said horizontal axis, the rotor having a cylindrical envelope surface, in particular a circular cylindrical surface, on which are mounted rotatable relative to a respective cutting tool axis, at least one Y cutting tool (11, 12, 13, 14, 15), each Y cutting tool having first and second plates (14, 15), each bent plate having on both sides of the bend (18) a base section (16) and a section (17) of section, the two base sections of the first and second bent plates being mounted opposite each other, while the two cutting sections of the first and second bent plates (14, 15) are mounted so as to diverge from each other forming a first angle between them; than the tool, in section in a plane perpendicular to the basic sections and passing through r the axis of the tool, comprises a Y-shape, characterized in that each cutting tool comprises at least third and fourth plates (20, 21, 20 ', 21') disposed between the first and second plates ( 14, 15).   2. Horizontal axis mill, comprising a rotor (4) rotatably mounted relative to the mill body, relative to a rotor axis, said horizontal axis, the rotor having a cylindrical envelope surface, in particular circular cylindrical, on 1 aquelle are rotatably mounted relative to a respective cutting tool axis, at least one cutting tool said Y, each cutting tool said Y having at least first and second bent plates, each bent plate having of part and of another of the bend a base section and a section section, the two base sections of the first and second bent plates being mounted opposite each other, while the two section sections of the first and second bent plates are mounted so as to diverge from each other forming a first angle therebetween so that the tool, in section in a plane perpendicular to the base sections and passing through the axis of the tool, comprises a Y shape, features corseted in that each cutting tool includes third and fourth additional plates, which are arranged between the at least first and second bent plates.   3. Mill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the third and fourth plates (20, 21, 20 ', 21') are bent, each defining on each side of the bend a base section and a cutting section, the two cutting sections forming between them a second angle.   4. Mill according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base sections (16) of the first and second bent plates are parallel.   5. Mill according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the base section of the third plate (20) bent is mounted parallel to the section (16) base of the first plate (14) bent, and the base section of the fourth bent plate (21) is mounted parallel to the base section of the second bent plate.   6. Mill according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the second angle is substantially equal to the first angle.   7. Mill according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 6 when dependent on claim 1, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth plates (14, 15, 20, 21) are mounted with interposition d a spacer (22) between the first and third plates and / or a spacer between the second and fourth plates and / or a spacer between the third and fourth plates.   8. Mill according to one of claims 2 or 3 to 6 when dependent on claim 2, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth plates are mounted with the interposition of a spacer between the first and second plates. third plates and / or a spacer between the second and fourth plates and / or a spacer between the first and second plates.   9. Mill according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the third and fourth plates (20, 21) bent are identical to the first and second plates (14, 15) bent.   10. Mill according to one of claims 3 to 8 when they depend on claim 1, characterized in that the at least third and fourth plates (20 ', 21') bent have a different dimension of the first and second plates (14, 15) bent, and in particular their base section extends to the bend of the plate, in a direction normal to the rotor casing, over a greater height than the first and second bent plates.   11. Mill according to one of claims 3 to 8 when dependent on claim 2, characterized in that the at least first and second bent plates have a different size of the third and fourth bent plates, and in particular their base section. extends to the bend of the plate, in a direction normal to the rotor casing (4), over a greater height than the third and fourth bent plates.   12. Crusher according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the Y-cutting tools are arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the rotor (4), two adjacent rows being offset with respect to the other.   Crusher according to claim 12, characterized in that when the rotor (4) is viewed in a direction perpendicular to its axis, tangentially to the rotor casing, from a certain rotational speed of the rotor, corresponding to a lower limit speed of rotation from which the eye can no longer distinguish between two cutting tools arranged offset from one another and one behind the other when he looks at them turn, we see the Y cutters of different rows that intermingle each other.