FR2861092A1 - Straight or French combing machine for textile industry has oscillating carriage with strictly limited movement along fibre drawing line - Google Patents

Abstract

The combing machine consists of a cylindrical comb (7) with surface teeth or pins (8), a fixed comb (21), feed rollers (81a, 81b), a clamp (3) and an oscillating carriage (14) supporting lower (15) and upper (16) pulling cylinders. The carriage oscillates about its lower pivot (26), and the trajectory of its travel along the pulling line between a pulling sleeve (19) and the upper roller is strictly limited to under 60 mm, and is preferably 45 mm. The movement of detaching rollers (34b), measured at the level of the upper roller, is less than 35 mm and preferably 33 mm. In addition, the pressure on the upper pulling cylinder (16) is provided by an electromagnetic system on the carriage.

Description

1 DESCRIPTION

  The present invention relates to the field of the textile industry and relates to a new rectilinear combers.

  The current rectilinear combers, which implement a principle developed by the company SCHLUMBERGER since the middle of the 19th century, have today reached their maximum performance level, whether we consider their production capacities or the quality of combed ribbons . Indeed, the principle employed so far requires the use of a circular comb, of which only a portion of the periphery is furnished with needles or teeth. This type of circular comb, whose rotational speed is not uniformly constant to allow the different phases to follow one another normally, limits the speed of operation of the rectilinear combers. Furthermore, the lining used, which is necessarily progressive and limited in length, does not further improve the cleanliness of the combed ribbons.

  The present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks and consists of a new straight combing machine, the production of which is considerably increased and the quality of combed ribbons greatly improved. Experience shows that such a new combing machine can produce up to 25% more than a modern conventional rectilinear comb and that the cleanliness of combed tapes is improved by almost 50% in the majority of cases.

  The combing machine according to the invention also has numerous improvements which make it easier to use, in particular as regards the machine settings, most of which are mechatronic, such as, for example, the adjustment of the spacing, the ergonomics which is improved in particular in the disassembly of the circular comb, the cylindrical brush or the tear-off sleeve, the durability of the adjustments thanks, for example, to the removal of the adjustment of the driving brush or to the resistance to jamming the circular comb, or the consumption of spare parts, which is greatly reduced.

  The present invention more particularly relates to a rectilinear combing machine characterized in that the stroke of the carriage, which is the distance separating the two extreme positions of the carriage, measured at the level of the tear line located between the tear-off sleeve and the upper cylinder , is strictly less than 60 mm, so as to spare the veil of combed fibers. In addition, the pressurization of the upper tearing cylinder on the sleeve is performed by an electropneumatic device embedded on the carriage. Other features of the invention are described in the detailed description which follows. The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational representation of a combing machine according to the invention; Figure 2 is a detail view of the upper clamp jaw equipped with a circular comb cleaning device; Figure 3 is a representation of the two-stage kinematics of the combing machine; Figure 4 is a perspective view of a circular comb; Figures 5 and 6 are representations of the adjustment device of the sorting base of a combing machine; FIG. 7 represents the lifting device, with the pressurization of the upper tearing cylinder; Figure 8 is a perspective view of a fixed comb equipped with deflector plates, and Figure 9 is a perspective representation of a combing machine according to the invention.

  The combing cycle of modern rectilinear combers, which are derived from models dating back to the mid-19th century, is well known and can be broken down into two phases, the first of which is called combing of the fiber heads and the second of combing the tails. fiber.

  The combing phase of the fiber heads occurs when the clamp is closed, while the combing phase of the fiber tails occurs at the time of tearing, when the clamp is open.

  The combing phase of the fiber heads is traditionally performed by a segment of needles or teeth arranged on a part of the periphery of a rotary cylinder, commonly called a circular comb, while the combing phase of the fiber tails is carried out by a comb commonly called fixed or straight comb.

  In the case of the rectilinear combers subject of the patent application EPA-1 254 976 of November 6, 2002, the combing phase of the fiber heads is, in turn, carried out by a circular comb, which is a cylinder filled over its entire length. periphery of needles or teeth and whose rotational speed is continuous.

  FIG. 1 of the attached drawings shows such a rectilinear combing machine comprising a food comb 1 associated with a food grid 2, a clamp 3 formed by an upper jaw 4 cooperating with a lower jaw 5, a metal sheet between clamp 6, a circular comb 7, equipped with needles or teeth 8, whose rotation speed is continuous and which is mounted on a support shaft 9, whose position is fixed relative to the frame 10 of the machine, a cylindrical brush 11 furnished with bristles, a doffer 12 lined with metal tips, a flapper 13, a carriage 14 supporting tearing cylinders 15 and 16, a rod 17, a moving assembly 18, a tear-off sleeve 19, a tensioning cylinder 20 and a stationary fixed comb 21 an articulated lever 22.

  FIG. 1 of the attached drawings shows the straight combing machine according to the invention, in the combing phase of the fiber heads, this combing machine comprising a feeding device, a pulling device, a device for cleaning the fiber heads and a cleaning device for fiber tails.

  The feed device is constituted by the food comb 1, which is associated with a food grid 2, by a clamp 3 formed by an upper jaw 4 cooperating with a lower jaw 5 and by a sheet between clamp 6. The textile material is moved by the feeder thus formed to be brought into contact with the fiber head cleaning device, which performs the combing phase of said fiber heads.

  The textile material passes between the food comb 1 and the food grid 2, which are movable in such a way that they can be separated from one another and that they can be moved together, or in the direction of movement of the the textile material, in the opposite direction of the movement of the textile material. In this case, in a simplified manner and during a machine cycle, the comb 1 deviates from the grid 2, then the comb and the grid move back together, the comb is then brought closer to the grid and the comb needles pass through the grid. textile material. Then, this assembly thus formed advances in bringing with it the textile material, so as to present the fiber heads to the fiber head cleaning device and proceed to supply a new fiber fringe. On the new combers of the applicant the working width is increased which allows a production gain of the order of 12.5%.

  At this moment, the clamp 3 closes and the lower jaw 5, which is articulated to the frame 10 of the machine, is lowered so as to approach the cleaning device of the fiber heads. The upper jaw 4, which is also articulated to the frame of the machine, is lowered, in order to get closer to the lower jaw 5, until it comes into contact with it to pinch the fibers located between the two jaws 4 and 5 and to retain them, then the upper jaw 4 continues its movement towards the cleaning device of the fiber heads and carries with it the lower jaw 5. This movement of the lower jaw to the circular comb 7 is carried out gradually.

  The rectilinear combier object of the invention is not provided with a sinking brush of the head of the fibers responsible for constraining the head of the fibers to penetrate between the needles or the teeth 8 of the circular comb 7, whereas the upper jaw 4 of the gripper 3 has a detour surface 23, shown in FIG. 2, which forces the head of the fibers to be oriented almost perpendicular to the tangent of the circular comb 7 and the upper jaw 4 of the gripper 3 is advantageously provided with a gripper device 24 of the head of the fibers. This device 24 has, in its lower part, a bearing surface 25 intended to cooperate with the head of the fibers and to force them to penetrate between the needles or the teeth 8 of the circular comb 7, said bearing surface 25 extending from the detour surface 23 over a distance of at least 5 mm.

  The combing phase of the fiber heads then begins and is carried out by the fiber head cleaning device, which is constituted by the circular comb 7, which may be in the form of a drum packed along its periphery with needles. or teeth, mounted on a support shaft 9, whose arrangement is fixed relative to the frame 10 of the machine. Such an embodiment corresponding for example to machines produced by the applicant. This cleaning device, shown in FIG. 1, further comprises a cylindrical brush 11 furnished with bristles, a doffer 12 furnished with metal tips and a flapper comb 13.

  During their rotation, the needles or the teeth 8 of the circular comb 7 penetrate the fiber heads presented by the clamp 3 and remove the short fibers and impurities. The cylindrical brush 11, whose bristles penetrate between the needles or the teeth 8 of the circular comb 7, rotates faster than said circular comb 7, but in the opposite direction, so as to remove short fibers and impurities transported by the needles or the teeth 8 of the circular comb 7 and so as to keep it clean.

  The doffer 12 rotates slower than the cylindrical brush 11 and in the opposite direction of said cylindrical brush 11 and its peaks are flush with the bristles of the latter and discharge said bristles of said cylindrical brush 11 short fibers and impurities carried by the brush.

  The flapper comb 13 of the fiber head cleaning device is a blade which is oscillated near the tips of the doffer 12, this blade being responsible for clearing the tips of the doffer 12 short fibers and impurities they carry. The short fibers and the impurities constitute the blush, which is recovered by gravity and / or by aspiration with a view to its evacuation.

  The textile material is then moved by the feed device to be brought into contact with the pulling device and with the fiber tails cleaning device, this device performing the phases of tearing and cleaning of the fiber tails.

  The pulling device is constituted by a pair of tearing cylinders 15 and 16, a tear-off sleeve 19 and a tension cylinder 20, and is completed by a carriage 14, a rod 17, and a moving element 18 ( figure 1).

  The carriage 14 is a lever, whose lower end is articulated by a bearing 26 on the frame 10 of the machine and whose upper end is articulated, via a bearing (not shown), to the movable element 18. The connecting rod 17 is a lever, whose lower end is articulated by means of a bearing 27 to the frame 10 of the machine and whose upper end is articulated, via a bearing 28, to the moving element 18. The mobile assembly 18 is constituted by two integral parts sliding on one another, not shown in the accompanying drawings, one of which supports the bearing of the upper joint of the carriage 14 and the other supports the high articulation 28 of the link 17.

  The mobile unit 18 also supports, near the curling box 32, a pair of cylinders called lower detacher cylinder 34a and upper 34b.

  The carriage 14 is animated by an oscillating movement around its low hinge 26, by means of a lever 29 connected to a reciprocating actuator constituted by a cam 30 cooperating with a roller 31. Thus, the carriage 14 can move between two extreme angular positions separated from one another by a distance commonly called the stroke of the carriage, this distance being measured between the two extreme positions of the tear line, situated between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the upper tearing cylinder 16. In one of its two extreme positions, the upper end of the carriage 14 is situated close to the feed device and, in the other extreme position, the mobile assembly 18 is close to a curling box 32. On traditional combers, the stroke of the carriage is of the order of 60 or 80 mm.

  The new combler, according to the invention, is characterized in that the stroke of the carriage, which is the distance between the two extreme positions of the carriage 14, measured between the two extreme positions of the tear line, located between the sleeve 19 and the upper tearing cylinder 16, is strictly less than 60 mm and preferably of the order of 45 mm. This micro stroke of the trolley has the advantage of sparing combed fibers and allows higher speeds.

  According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the stroke of the detaching rolls 34b, which is the distance separating the two extreme positions of the carriage, measured at the level of the axis of the upper detaching cylinder 34b, is less than 35 mm, and is, preferably 33 mm.

  In its upper part, the carriage 14 supports the lower tearing cylinder 15, which is positively rotated according to a so-called pilgrim movement law and which is surmounted by the upper tearing cylinder 16, the pulling sleeve 19 being pinched between the pulling cylinders 15 and 16.

  The moving element 18 supports, in its part close to the curling box 32, the tension cylinder 20 of the tear-off sleeve 19, which is kept under tension by moving apart from one another the two sliding parts of the In addition, the mobile equipment 18 supports, between the tension cylinder 20 and an outlet funnel 33, a pair of detaching cylinders 34a and 34b and, above the tear-off sleeve 19, a plate on sleeve 35 and an anti-beard cylinder 36.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the control kinematic of the lower tearing cylinder is of the two-stage type, in particular to facilitate the removal of this cylinder and the tear-off sleeve.

  For this purpose, the tearing cylinder 15 has at one of its ends, a notched pinion 37 (Figure 3) or a chain wheel, which is connected via a belt or chain 38 to a toothed pinion or a toothed wheel 39 mounted free to rotate on the low hinge axis 26 of the carriage 14. Another notched pinion or toothed wheel 40 is mounted on the same low hinge pin 26 and is integral with the pinion 39 The pinion 40 is rotated by a belt 41, itself moved by the differential device 42.

  This two-stage control kinematics of the rotation of the tearing cylinders 15 and 16 differs from the previous embodiments in that it allows easy and very rapid disassembly of the lower tearing cylinder 15 and the tear-off sleeve 19. the previous embodiments to a single stage, the belt 41 of the differential directly led the lower tearing cylinder 15, so that to deposit the cylinder or the sleeve it was necessary to previously deposit this belt, which was not very easy, being given that it was mounted under high voltage on the differential. Thanks to the invention the removal of the lower tearing cylinder and the tear-off sleeve is carried out very simply by depositing the belt 38 of the second stage, which connects only the pinions 39 and 37.

  The differential device 42 according to the invention consists in particular of a notched pinion or chain wheel 43 positively rotated by any known means, such as a cascade of gears, for example, but, preferably, by an engine electric 44 in the case of the straight combler object EP-A-1,254,976.

  The differential 42 also comprises a flail 45, freely rotating, which supports at each end of its two arms 46a and 46b of the pinions 47a and 47b also free to rotate. According to the present invention, the beam 45 is animated by an oscillation movement via a lever 48, which is moved by any known means, such as, for example, a crank-rod device 49, which the axis of rotation coincides with that of the cam shaft 30 of the carriage 14. The toothed belt or chain 41 meshes with the pinions or wheels 40, 43 and 47a and 47b, so that the inner face of the belt 41 meshes with the pinions 40, 47a and 47b, while the outer face of the belt 41 meshes with the pinion 43.

  During the fiber tearing phase, the upper end of the carriage 14 is located near the feed device and the pulling rolls 15 and 16, associated with the pulling sleeve 19, pinch the end of the fiber heads. presented by the feeding device. For this purpose, the clamp 3 is open and the sheet between clamp 6 is advanced in the direction of movement of the fibers, so as to constrain the end of the fiber heads to be between the tearing cylinders 15 and 16. These are rotated so as to extract the fiber heads from the food comb 1 and the carriage 14 is moved to move away from the clamp 3.

  The combing of the fiber tails using the fiber tails cleaning device will be carried out simultaneously with this displacement of said fibers. For this purpose, the device for cleaning the fiber tails has a fixed comb 21 integral with an articulated lever 22. The fixed comb 21 is approached from the fiber heads, so that the needles of the fixed comb 21, passing through the material, remove the impurities during movement of the material by the pulling device. The impurities thus retained are recovered by gravity and / or by suction by the circular comb 7 and a pneumatic sensor 33 (not shown).

  In the case of the combing machines of EP-A-1 254 976, the circular comb 7 preferably performs about one full revolution of rotation, during the combing phase of the fiber heads, and more than one complete revolution of rotation by machine cycle. As a variant, the circular comb 7 performs more or less than one complete revolution during the combing phase of the fiber heads and more than one complete revolution of rotation per machine cycle.

  In a complete cycle of 360 degrees of rotation of the machine is designated by the combing phase of the fiber heads and by the combing angle of the heads associated with the phase a. This angle corresponds to the fraction of the cycle of the machine during which the fiber heads are combed.

  Commonly on a traditional rectilinear combing machine, the combing angle of the heads is of the order of 130 degrees machine.

  The active arc of comb lining corresponding to the length of the lining of needles or teeth, which will be used during the combing phase of the fiber heads, is defined by b and the angle associated with the active arc of comb trim.

  On a conventional straight combing machine, this comb lining angle is of the order of 160 to 220 degrees. The circular comb performing exactly one revolution per cycle of the machine, the angular speed of rotation of the comb is increased and then decreased.

  When the circular comb 7 performs exactly one full revolution of rotation during the combing phase of the fiber heads, the comb lining active arc is equal to the comb circumference and the comb lining angle is 360 degrees. The period of rotation of the circular comb with respect to the cycle of the machine will be called p. In addition, the speed of rotation of the comb is here constant.

  When the circular comb 7 performs more than one revolution during the combing phase of the fiber heads, then p <a. The active arc of the comb lining is greater than the circumference of the comb and the rotational angular velocity of the comb is constant.

  Alternatively the angular velocity of the comb 7 can be increased and decreased.

  In the case where the angular velocity of the circular comb 7 is constant, N is the number of revolutions made by the circular comb per machine cycle. So we have: N =

P

  With: 360 degree machine / cycle machine; p machine / comb and N comb / machine cycle.

  The origin of the active arc of the comb lining is defined as the angular position expressed in degrees occupied by the circular comb at the moment when the first line of needles or teeth engages in the heads of the fibers at the beginning of the combing phase of the fiber heads.

  According to the invention, the origin of the active arc of comb lining of two consecutive cycles of the machine is out of phase by a value k1 expressed in degrees of the circular comb corresponding to the ratio: 360 * 360 kl = p L ' angle k 1 increases in the direction of rotation of the comb. Thus, considering two consecutive cycles of the machine, it is never the same line or bar of needles or teeth which, by engaging in the fiber heads protruding from the clamp, will determine the origin of the active arc of comb trim that will be used during the combing phase of the heads.

  The relative origin of the active comb lining arc will be called the value K 1 'such that K 1' = K1 [ENT (N) * 360], and where ENT (N) represents the integer value of the number N. In the when the circular comb 7 performs a complete revolution during the combing phase of the fiber heads and about 2.77 turns per machine cycle, then p = a = 130.1 machine degrees / comb and N = 2.77 comb / machine cycle.

  The origin of the active arc of comb lining of two consecutive cycles of the machine is out of phase with each cycle of kl = 996.2 degrees, that is to say relative to the comb itself of a value kl '= - 276.2 degrees, obtained by the following operation: (996.2 (2 * 360).

  In this case, when the machine performs a cycle, the circular comb will rotate 996.2 degrees or about 2.77 turns, and the cylindrical brush will clean 996.2 degrees of the circular comb, which is to say that the circular comb will be cleaned about 2, 77 times per cycle of the machine.

  On a conventional rectilinear combing machine equipped with a circular comb with a segment filled with needles of increasing density, occupying only a part of the periphery of the cylinder, it is found that the origin of the active arc of comb lining, the length the arc of the comb lining and the period of rotation of the comb are always the same at each cycle of the machine.

  The impurities removed by the packed segment, namely, too short fibers and defects, such as pimples and vegetable waste that are retained by the needles or the teeth of the trimmed segment, are systematically located and preferably, on the one hand, near the origin of the active arc of the comb lining, because it is the first needles that carry out most of the cleaning and, on the other hand, towards the end of the active arc of comb lining where the impurities often get stuck between the thinnest needles and the tighter ones.

  Thus, the cylindrical brush, which is responsible for cleaning the trimmed segment, must be able to remove from the needles, on the one hand, a large accumulation of impurities localized near the origin of the active arc of trim comb and, secondly, impurities stuck between the fine and tight needles located towards the end of the active arc of comb lining.

  For this the speed of rotation of the cylindrical brush is greater than that of the circular comb and the bristles of the brush must interpenetrate deeply the needles of the circular comb, resulting in rapid wear of said cylindrical brush and needles of the trimmed segment.

  Indeed, on a conventional rectilinear combing machine, the interpenetration of the bristles of the brush with the needles of the trimmed segment is high because the trimmed segment is cleaned only once per machine cycle, since it passes only once per cycle in front of the bristles of the cylindrical brush.

  In addition, the needles of the garnished segment also wear quickly in contact with the textile material, because it is always the same needles that are loaded with the highest load cleaning of the fiber heads.

  The present invention overcomes these disadvantages.

  Indeed, the origin of the active arc of comb lining being regularly shifted at each cycle of the machine are never twice the same needles or teeth of the circular comb which engage in the heads of the fibers at beginning of the combing phase of the heads. The length of the active arc of the comb lining is adjustable and proportional to the diameter of the comb and the period of rotation of the comb. The period of rotation of the comb is chosen so that the circular comb performs more than one revolution of rotation per cycle of the machine. Thus the active arc of the comb lining will be cleaned more than once per cycle of the machine.

  The cleaning work of the circular comb by the cylindrical brush is facilitated and the wear of the bristles of the brush is reduced because the interpenetration of the bristles of the brush with the needles of the circular comb may be lower.

  At the same time, the wear of the needles or teeth of the circular comb is also reduced.

  The circular comb is better cleaned and therefore remains effective longer. The result is that the combed tape is of better quality, that the mechanical elements, such as the circular comb needles and the cylindrical brush, have an increased life and that the cleaning operations of the circular comb, replacement of the brush cylindrical or circular comb needles are less common.

  The performance of the combing machine and the workload of the personnel are thus improved.

  The rotation period of the circular comb. p is preferably of the order of 130 degrees. In fact, the value of the rotation period of the circular comb will be chosen among all the real numbers k2 such that:

P

  k2 => 4 PGCD (p, 360) where the GCD (p, 360) is the greatest common divisor of the values p 15 and 360 expressed in degrees.

  Thus, for example, if the rotation period of the circular comb is 130 degrees, k2 will be 13 and if it is 131 degrees, k2 will be 131.

  The variable k2 represents the number of machine cycles at the end of which the same line of needles or barrette of needles of the circular comb will engage in the heads of fibers protruding from the clamp.

  Thus, when the rotation period of the circular comb is 130 degrees, then the same needle line will be used every 13 cycles of the machine.

  Preferably, a rotation period of the circular comb will be chosen such that the variable k2 is as large as possible so that the same needle line is used as little as possible and the wear of the circular comb needles is as regular as possible.

  Also preferably, one will choose a rotation period of the circular comb such as the variable N, which corresponds to the number of turns that the circular comb performs during a machine cycle is the largest possible.

  In addition, preferably, a relative origin of the comb lining arc will be chosen such that the variable K1 'is between 10 and 350 degrees. Also preferably, values of K1 'will be preferred rather close to 350 degrees and away from 10 degrees.

  According to the invention, other examples where the circular comb performs a fraction of a turn or much more than one turn during the combing phase of the fiber heads are given below: Origin Period Origin PGCD Number Number of rotation of the absolute of relative kl '(p, 360) cycles rounds of comb the arc in degrees k2 comb per circular p combing cycle in degrees kl in machine N degrees 50.0 2592.0 72.0 10.0 5 7 , 70.0 1851.4 51.4 10.0 7 5.14 80.0 1620.0 180.0 40.0 2 4.50 100.0 1296.0 216.0 20.0 5 3.60 110.0 1178.2 98.2 10.0 11 3.27 120.0 1080.0 0.0 120.0 1 3.00 128.8 1006.2 286.2 0.8 161 2.80 129 0 1004.7 284.7 3.0 43 2.79 129.1 1003.9 283.9 0.1 1291 2.79 129.6 1000.0 280.0 14.4 9 2.78 129.7 999 , 2 279.2 0.1 1297 2.78 129.9 997.7 277.7 0.3 433 2.77 130.0 996.9 276.9 10.0 13 2.77 130.1 996.2 276.2 0.1 1301 2.77 130.5 993.1 273.1 4.5 29 2.76 180.0 720.0 0.0 180.0 1 2.00 190.0 682.1 322, 1 10.0 19 1.89 200.0 648.0 288.0 40.0 5 1.80 300.0 432.0 72.0 60.0 5 1.20 305.0 424.9 64.9 5.0 61 1.18 320.0 405.0 45.0 40.0 8 1.12 340.0 381.2 21.2 20.0 17 1, 06 350.0 370.3 10.3 10.0 35 1.03 360.0 360.0 0.0 360.0 1 1.00 370.0 350.3 350.3 10.0 37 0.97 400 , 00 324.0 324.0 40.0 10 0.90 - 14 - When the value p is greater than a degrees, then the circular comb performs less than one rotation turn during the combing phase of the fiber heads and conversely, when the value p is less than a degrees then the circular comb performs more than one turn during the combing phase of the fiber heads.

  The circular comb can be garnished indifferently needles or teeth, the size and density of which are chosen according to the textile material to be worked and the combing or repainting operation to be performed. Thus, in some embodiments, the circular comb is constituted by a drum, on which are placed the needles or the teeth. The circular comb may also be constituted by several arcuate portions each provided with teeth or needles. The teeth or needles may be of identical or different characteristics, but are arranged in a repetitive sequence.

  The teeth or needles of the circular comb are generally made by winding, at a winding angle of between 55 and 125 with respect to the axis of the circular comb of one or more toothed wires, with contiguous turns of identical or different characteristics. and whose sequences are repeated periodically.

  In such a case, the circular comb is preferably made by winding at least one toothed wire with contiguous turns around a cylinder, in the manner of a carding drum. When winding more than one toothed wire around a cylinder, each toothed wire may have different characteristics such as, for example, the density, that is to say the distance separating two consecutive peaks, or the thickness wire, or the shape of the teeth.

  For this type of lining composed of toothed wire wound around a cylinder, care is taken to avoid, during the manufacture of the comb, the formation of images, that is to say local peripheral zones of the lining where the teeth would be arranged in regular lines with respect to other areas where the teeth would be arranged randomly.

  The circular comb may also be made by stacking sheets cut in the form of circular rings, whose outer periphery is provided with identical teeth or different characteristics in a repetitive sequence and whose inner periphery is provided with holding means for centering. , driving in rotation and fixing said crowns. In such a case of packing obtained by stacking cut sheets, it is possible to choose to stack sections of circular rings against each other.

  In addition, the teeth or needles of the circular comb may have an identical density over the entire periphery of said circular comb or different densities, for example by arrangement along contiguous lines of needles or teeth of different densities.

  The diameter of the circular comb is smaller than that commonly used. Its handling is facilitated because its size and weight are reduced. In addition, its small size allows, all other things being equal, to provide more space between the pneumatic sensor and the circular comb.

  The circular comb is trimmed on its entire periphery, as opposed to conventional combs equipped with a trimmed segment and an unfilled segment, it is perfectly balanced dynamically. Its rotational speed is preferably uniformly constant, resulting in a better overall balancing of the combing machine.

  FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings shows, by way of example, a circular comb 7 of a straight combing machine, according to the invention, which consists of a drum 50 having at least at one of its ends, on the one hand , a centering means having an at least partially cylindrical bearing surface 51 and, on the other hand, a fastening means 52, such as, for example, a hole. The detailed description of such a comb is given in the French patent application of the applicant registered under the number 03 10708.

  Preferably, the cylindrical surface 51 has a diameter of between 45 mm and 90 mm and the fixing means 52 is constituted by three threaded holes. The outer diameter of the drum 50 is between 80 mm and 100 mm in its median part and its length is between 500 mm and 800 mm.

  Preferably, the cylindrical bearing surface 51 has a diameter of 62 mm, the outer diameter of the drum 50 is 94 mm in its middle part, its length is 540 mm and the drum 50 is made of cast steel.

  At one end of the drum 50 is fixed a flange 53, which cooperates with a support half-shaft 54, said flange 53 has a bearing 55 at least partially cylindrical for cooperating with the bearing 51 of the drum 50 and a means The flange 53 comprises a splined bore 58 for cooperating with the splines 59 of the half-shaft 54 for supporting the circular comb. The grooves have a width of 7 mm and are between an outside diameter of 42 mm and an inside diameter of 36 mm. The fixing means 57 of the flange 53 on the drum 50 is preferably a hole through which a screw is inserted, the threading of which cooperates with the tapping 52 of the drum 50.

  The half-shaft 54 is rotatably cantilevered in the left frame of the machine by means of two tapered roller bearings and rotated by a notched pinion. The drum 50 is centered and locked in rotation on the half-shaft 54.

  On the other side of the drum 50, the right flange 60 is centered and fixed in a manner similar to that of the left flange. The right flange 60 comprises a half-shaft 61, locked in translation and mounted in rotation, by means of a bearing, on a removable bearing relative to the right frame of the machine. The right frame of the machine has an opening of sufficient size to allow extraction of the complete circular comb.

  Thus the circular comb is perfectly centered and locked in translation relative to the machine frames. In order to deposit the circular comb, the support bearing of the right flange 60 is disassembled and at the same time the entire circular comb assembly consisting of the right flange, the drum and the left flange is withdrawn. The half-shaft 54 remains in position in the left frame of the machine. When the circular comb is removed, it then becomes easy to separate the drum flanges and replace it with a drum equipped with new or possibly different gaskets.

  To reassemble the circular comb, we put the new assembly thus formed through the opening of the right frame of the machine and we take advantage that the half-shaft 54 is long enough to put the left flange on and slide along its axis until the flutes 58 of the flange 53 coincide with the grooves 59 of the half-shaft 54.

  The cylindrical brush 11 is, like the circular comb 7, removable axially through a hole in the right frame of the combing machine.

  FIG. 2 represents a device for cleaning the circular comb 7, which comprises a comb 4a lined with teeth or needles, secured to a flexible support 4b. When placing the support 4b on the body of the upper jaw 4 of the clamp 3, then the teeth or needles of the comb 4a are flush with the teeth or needles 8 of the circular comb 7, so that when one rotates the circular comb 7 in the opposite direction of its normal operation, the comb 4a removes from the teeth 8 of the comb 7 fibers and impurities that could be housed therein. In this way it becomes possible to periodically clean the lining of the circular comb 7 without having to deposit said circular comb. Moreover, thanks to this cleaning device it is avoided any deterioration of the lining of the circular comb 7, which could come, for example, from the use of a metal blade knife. As a variant, the comb 4a is replaced by a brush whose bristles are flush with or interpenetrate the teeth 8 of the circular comb 7.

  The mechanical gap (E) is the distance separating the end of the lower jaw 5 from the clamp 3 of the fiber nipping line situated between the upper tearing cylinder 16 and the pulling sleeve 19 when the carriage 14 supporting the The pulling cylinders 15 and 16 are in the extreme position close to the clamp 3. The sorting base, that is to say the length of the longest fibers that can be found in the brush, is always less than the value of the gap (E). In this case, when the spacing is set to 34 mm, for example, then we can expect to obtain a sorting base of about 28 mm. This means that fibers longer than 28 mm in the blush should not be found.

  On traditional combers, to change the sorting base and obtain an optimal qualitative result, this change in the spacing sometimes consists in vertically moving the point of articulation of the carriage supporting the pullers 15 and 16, so that the line of pinching of the fibers, located between the upper and lower 15 tearing cylinders 16 is placed in the same plane as that generated by the sheet between clamp 6, which presents the fiber heads to the pullers. This adjustment of the height of the carriage is no longer to be performed on the new combers of the object type of EP-A-1 254 976.

  The following adjustment consists in modifying the origin of the amplitude of the oscillation movement of the carriage 14, so as to approach it or move it away from the clamp 3. The fixed comb 21 is then moved, in order to position it at closer to the pullers 15 and 16 in the extreme position of the carriage 14. In addition, in order to perfect the adjustment of the spacing, it is also necessary to correct the extreme position exiting the sheet between clamp 6 with respect to the fixed comb 21 and ensure that there is no risk of collision between the different moving parts with respect to each other.

  All of these mechanical adjustments of the spacing are to be made generally with each change of batch of material and on each of the combers composing the assortment of combing or repainting.

  The device for adjusting the sorting base at constant spacing of the new straight combers is a means represented in FIG. 5 of the appended drawings and is described in the French patent application to the applicant (SCHLUMBERGER), registered under the number 03. 08496, making it possible to set back a predetermined and adjustable value of the fiber heads before the closing of the clamp 3. This means is preferably constituted by a cam 62 of particular profile cooperating with a roller 63, which realizes the retreat of a value predetermined and adjustable of the grid 2 and the food comb 1 lowered before closing the clamp 3, via a lever transmission (64a, 64b, 64c, 64d ...).

  A plurality of interchangeable cams (62a, 62b, 62c) having the same profile characteristic, but with different amplitudes, may be used depending on the desired recoil value.

  In addition, when several cams of the same characteristic, but different profiles are provided on the same axis, can be added a displacement device for using each cam individually. FIG. 6 is a representation of this displacement device for which, for example, it is possible to juxtapose 5 cams (62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e), the first of which would make a recoil of 0 mm, the second a retreat of 1 mm, the third a retreat of 2 mm, the fourth a retreat of 3 mm and the fifth a retreat of 4 mm. The adjustment device of the sorting base of a combing machine is preferably constituted by these cams (62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e), cooperating with a roller 63, which by means of a lever transmission (64a , 64b, 64c, 64d ...), performs the retreat of the grid 2 and the food comb 1 lowered before closing the clamp 3.

  This displacement device allows the displacement of the roller 63 relative to the cams (62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e), or cams relative to the roller. The roller 63 can be moved manually relative to the cams 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e by any conventional means, taking care, of course, to lock the roller on its support shaft.

  Thus, the operator can, without the assistance of a trimming mechanic, very quickly and ergonomically, modify the value of the sorting base by choosing the value of the desired theoretical spacing. For example, for a set of batches of material A, B, C, the mechanical spacing of the combing machine is set to 38 mm. Depending on the sorting basis desired, a theoretical spacing of 38 minus 4 mm can be chosen, that is to say 34 mm for the wool batch A, minus 2 mm, ie ie 36 mm for batch B, and 38 minus zero, that is 38 mm for batch C. The modification of the mechanical gap will be controlled from the control panel of the combing machine. It will begin by controlling the stop of the combing machine to a precise angular position. We will then control the movement of the roller, in order to position it in front of the desired cam. Then we can restart the combing machine.

  The device for moving the roller 63 is preferably constituted by a slider 65, which can move linearly on at least one guide 66, such as a dovetail or, preferably, on two parallel guides 66 and 67. The slider 65 is indexed and maintained in longitudinal position relative to the guides 66 and 67 by a locking device of the slide. This indexing device is preferably composed of a ball placed in a circular hole and loaded by a compression spring to be pressed against a guide 66 or 67. On one of the two guides 66 or 67 are arranged fingerprints 68 , in which the ball of the locking device of the slide can be inserted in order to block the movement of the slide on the guides.

  Thus the slider is immobilized on the guides 66 or 67 and maintains the roller 63 vis-à-vis a cam (62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e). In a first variant embodiment, the slide 65 can be moved manually on the guides 66 and 67 by exerting on the slide a longitudinal force of energy sufficient to force the ball of the locking device to leave the cavity, to penetrate into the hole arranged inside the slider and allow movement of the slider on the guides 66 and 67. In a preferred embodiment, an actuator 69, such as an electric jack 69, can, in a precise angular position of the combing machine, in which all the cams (62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e) have, relative to the roller 63, the same amplitude, move the slide 65 so as to position the roller 63 vis-à-vis a cam (62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e). Preferably, the electric jack 69 moves the slider 65 only in one direction of travel, for example from the cam 62a to the cam 62g, and another actuator 70, such as a pneumatic cylinder 70, is responsible for moving the slide in the opposite direction, from the cam 62g to the cam 62a, so as to place the roller 63 vis-à-vis the cam 62a. The displacement of the slider is controlled by means of a terminal communicating with a PLC or a microprocessor, which controls the actuators 69 and 70. Thus, for example when the roller 63 is opposite the cam 62b and that the machine operator wishes to move to position 62d, then the combing machine moves to the cam change angular position, then the actuator 70 moves the roller to the initial position 62a and then the actuator 69 moves the slide of the cam 62a to the cam 62d, passing successively from the cam 62a to the b, c and finally to the 62d. If the operator then wishes to return the roller to position 62b, then the pneumatic cylinder 70 will move the slide again to position 62a, then the electric cylinder 69 will move the roller from position 62a to position 62b, at which the ball of the device lock will be inserted into the corresponding footprint to hold the slider in position.

  On the new combers of the type mentioned above (SCHLUMBERGER), it thus becomes possible to modify very simply and very quickly the sorting base, that is to say the value of the theoretical spacing of a rectilinear comb, without have to modify the adjustment of the mechanical distance of the combing machine. Within a range of adjustment, it is no longer necessary to change the origin of the amplitude of the carriage, the depth of the fixed comb or the sheet between clamp.

  The invention also makes it possible to reduce the blusher rate for a given mechanical gap, or to increase the feed load, that is to say the production of the machine, while having the same blusher rate. , that is, the same sorting base.

  The production of such a combing machine may therefore be greater, which will reduce proportionally the cost of combing, or repainting, and increase the competitiveness of user companies.

  The tear-off device is described with reference to FIG. 7 of the attached drawings and comprises, as described in application WO-A-03/038165 in the name of the applicant, a tear-off sleeve 19 characterized in that the outer face 71 of this sleeve 19 has grooves 72 intended to cooperate with the splines of the upper tearing cylinder 16, so that there can be no sliding of the upper tearing cylinder on the sleeve in the manner of a pair of gear.

  The teeth of the grooves 72 of the outer face of the sleeve may have a curved section, circular, for example, and be spaced from a module identical to that of the upper tearing cylinder.

  Thanks to the invention, the tear-off sleeve 19 is much less taut than the smooth sleeve used previously and does not need to be regularly stretched. The sleeve positively drives the upper tearing cylinder 16.

  The pressure exerted by the upper tearing cylinder 16 on the sleeve 19 is greatly reduced since it serves only to bring it into contact with the sleeve to ensure its drive and the extraction of the fibers and no longer to deform the sleeve to ensure his training.

  The efficiency of the pulling of the fiber heads is improved because they are better clamped between the upper tearing cylinder and the sleeve, thanks to the effect of docking that creates the outer structure of the sleeve with the shape of the upper tearing cylinder .

  Such a sleeve, which is no longer too strongly stressed in compression (because the pressure exerted by the upper tearing cylinder is reduced) and bending (because it no longer needs to be deformed to mesh), has a much longer operating time than a conventional smooth sleeve. Its replacement frequency is reduced which has the effect of improving the performance and production of the combing machine, reducing the consumption of spare parts and reducing the number of replacement interventions.

  FIG. 8 shows the body of the fixed comb 21 on which, in order to further improve the appearance of the combed tapes, said fixed comb bodies or the fixed combs 21 themselves, can be equipped with deflector plates 73a and 73b disposed at Thus, thanks to these deflector plates 73a and 73b, the selvedges of the combed fiber web, which is located between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the sheet-on-sleeve 35, have a smooth and homogeneous.

  The pressurization of the upper tearing cylinder 16 on the sleeve 19 is performed by an electropneumatic device embedded on the carriage 14 and described in FIG. 7.

  This device comprises a pneumatic cylinder 74, which is placed on the carriage 14 near the low joint 26 of said carriage and which moves the levers 75a, 75b and 75c, which interact with each other in the form of a toggle joint. between the hinge points 76 and 77 integral with the same carriage 14. By means of this toggle joint, the levers 75a, 75b and 75c can occupy two extreme positions, one of which, shown in solid line in FIG. pressurizing the tearing cylinder 16 on the tear-off sleeve 19, and the other, shown in broken lines, makes it possible to release the upper tearing cylinder 16 in order, in particular, to remove it or to replace the sleeve 19. The pressure exerted on the pulling sleeve is applied by the spring 78 which allows, in operation, and according to the quality of the material to be worked, a slight spacing of the upper tearing cylinder 16 with respect to the sleeve of arrac hage 19. The spring 78 also exerts a constant pressure, regardless of the angular position of the carriage 14 relative to the frame 10 of the machine. Pressurizing and relieving the pressure of the upper tearing cylinder is remotely controlled by a button accessible to the operator of the machine.

  The present invention also relates to a rectilinear combing machine comprising electric motors, electric motor control devices, sensors, actuators, at least one programmable central unit and at least one man-machine interface for controlling the machine, characterized in that the motor control devices, the sensors and the actuators are connected to the programmable central unit by a local network internal to the machine, such as a "field bus" and in that the human interface Machine control machine allows to consult and modify the machine's running parameters.

  Among the advantages which derive directly from the present invention, mention may be made of the possibility of consulting the operating parameters of the textile machine and of controlling it remotely, either by a wired connection or by radio link, and possibly by means of pre-established recipes, for example, to remotely modify its operating parameters or in order to determine the reasons for a failure and to intervene to remove it. It is also possible to download to a computer external to the machine, all the operating parameters of the textile machine, so as to be able to use them with the aid of a data processing software, for the purpose, for example, creating new recipes or performing statistical calculations. The detailed description of this invention is given in European Patent Application No. 03 360 090.9 in the name of the Applicant.

  The operating parameters of the textile machine, such as the value of the machine settings, can indeed be stored in a recipe that depends on the batch of material to be worked. Thus, when the same batch, or a similar batch of material must be combed several times and at different times, it is possible to recall the adjustment recipe corresponding to this batch of material and in this case, the combing machine will automatically adjust the corresponding parameters. to this recipe, such as the sorting base (gap) value, feeding length, overlap, and output voltage between the puller sleeve and the rollers of the curling box. Other additional operating parameters can obviously be taken into account, such as, for example, the general speed of the machine, the type of comb lining, the number of doubling, the food load, the value of the spacing, etc. Thanks to the invention it is also possible to remotely download updates of algorithms and software versions.

  The interest of the invention becomes evident when a complete line of textile machines including cardes, carding heads, gills and several combers are to be adjusted individually, especially when they are in battery of twelve machines, for example, and that it becomes possible to adjust them all simultaneously and remotely.

  When several combers are placed in battery, it is also possible to adjust for each of them different adjustment values to optimize the walking and textile quality combed ribbons.

  Additional advantages will be highlighted in the following description.

  The human-machine interface makes it possible to consult and modify the value of the feeding length which is expressed in mm / combing cycle continuously without having to stop the machine. For this purpose, an electric motor 79, possibly equipped with a reducer

  mechanical speed, whose speed is freely adjustable regardless of the speed of operation of the machine, but which is slaved to the speed of the main motor 80 of the machine, rotates the lower food cylinders 81a and 81b superior of the machine; combing machine and the call rollers 82 of the rack. For this purpose the upper feed roll 81b is rotated by the lower feed roll 81a by means of a pair of toothed gears. The electric motor 79, which rotates the lower feed cylinder 81a, is driven by the control device, which may be, for example, a frequency converter, itself connected, using the internal network internal to the machine with the programmable central unit, which can be a PLC or a computer.

  Thus, it becomes possible to adjust very accurately and during operation of the machine, using a human-machine interface, such as a control panel, an exact supply value, so as to adjust at best the production and quality parameters of the combing machine.

  The setting of the feed value, which is expressed in mm / cycle, is obtained by manipulating the control panel, either by directly displaying the desired power value, or by pressing the + or - buttons intended respectively for increase and decrease this feed value.

  According to a particular characteristic, the rectilinear combing machine object of the invention is characterized in that an additional control button P makes it possible to temporarily reduce the feed value. Thus, thanks to the invention, it also becomes possible to improve the working conditions when threading the combing machine. Actually, by actuating the additional control button P located on the machine, it is possible to voluntarily and temporarily reduce the feed value, or even to stop feeding, so as to reduce the feed load and to taper the fiber fringe at comb. This tilting operation of the bangs is currently performed manually by the operator, which manually blocks the rotation of the upper feed roll the time required for tilting the bangs.

  According to another particular characteristic, the rectilinear combier object of the invention is characterized in that an incoming mass irregularity sensor temporarily reduces the supply value. Thus, during the piecing of ribbons, a sensor detects the presence of a point irregularity of the incoming mass, which may be in the form of, for example, an overload of the food load and reduces automatically. and temporarily the feeding value, so as to facilitate the passage of the material and to avoid any walking incident.

  Alternatively, the rotational speed of the feed rolls 81a and 81b can be periodically accelerated and then slowed down within a cycle, and the feed rolls can be either moving or stopped. Thus, for example, the food rolls 81a and 81b are rotated while the food comb 1 and the food grid 2 move the textile material towards the clamp 3, and are stopped during the combing phase of the fiber heads. . The rotational speed of the food rolls 81a and 81b is freely programmable.

  In addition, to facilitate the service of the machine, the upper feed roll 81b is pressurized against the lower feed roll 81a by means of an electropneumatic device, such as a jack actuated by a control knob which enables, in operation machine, to maintain the upper cylinder in pressure against the lower cylinder, and, at the time of threading, to keep it raised, in order to facilitate the passage of the ribbons of fibers to comb between the lower and upper cylinder.

  In tearing phase, the fringe of the fibers extracted from the food comb, after being combed by the circular comb 7 and the fixed comb 21, is deposited on the tear-off sleeve 19, so as to be superimposed on the fiber fringe extracted in the previous cycle, but offset from it. The value of this offset is commonly called the overlay value. This value of the recovery conditions the title in grams per meter of the combed tape, its cohesion and its regularity. In order to achieve this recovery, the movement of the pulling sleeve and pulling cylinders is called the pilgrim step because, after having made a forward movement, they will perform a recoil movement, whose amplitude is less than that of the move in advance. This movement is conferred by the differential device 42 described above. The value of the offset or overlap depends directly on the speed of rotation of the notched pinion or chain wheel 43, which is mounted on the axis of the low joint 26 of the carriage 14 and which is driven, on the conventional combers, positively. in rotation by a cascade of gears (not shown), which can change the transmission ratio gear change. The adjustment of the recovery value is currently discontinuous and can only take discrete values. In addition, the change of the recovery value must be made at a standstill, successively on each of the machines that make up the battery of combers.

  According to another particular characteristic, the human-machine interface makes it possible to consult and modify the value of the covering in a continuous manner, without necessarily having to stop the machine. For this purpose, on the combers object of EP-A-1 254 976, in the name of the applicant, an electric motor 44, whose speed is freely adjustable independently of the running speed of the machine, but is subject to speed of the main motor 80 of the machine, rotates the differential 42 via the notched pinion or the chain wheel 43. The electric motor 44 is driven by the control device, which may be, for example, a dimmer of frequency, itself connected using the local network internal to the machine to the programmable central unit, which can be a PLC or a computer.

  Thus, it becomes possible to adjust very precisely and during operation of the machine, using a control panel, the value of the cover, so as to adjust the cohesion and regularity of the combed tape and to adjust precisely his title.

  The combed textile material fringes superimposed on each other and offset relative to each other are displaced by the tear-off sleeve 19, which makes a so-called pilgrim movement towards the curling box 32 Indeed, after leaving the pulling cylinders 15 and 16, the textile material passes successively between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the anti-beard cylinder 36, then between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the sheet on sleeve 35, then between the detaching rolls 34a and 34b, before engaging in the exit funnel 33, and between the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32. The tear-off sleeve 19, the anti-beard cylinder 36, the plate on sleeve 35 and the detaching rollers 34a and 34b are integral with the moving element 18, which is animated by an oscillation movement relative to the frame of the machine, while the position of the axes of rotation of the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32 are fixed by r provided to the frame 10 of the machine and that the rotational speed of the rollers 83a and 83b is constant. As a result, the textile material located between the tear-off sleeve and the rollers of the curling box is periodically moved between two extreme positions. In one of these extreme positions, the textile material follows a short path between the tear-off sleeve and the rollers of the curling box, and in the other extreme position, the textile material follows a long path. It is advisable to adjust the tension of the textile material accurately between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32, so that when the textile material follows its short trajectory, it is not necessary. too tight, in order to avoid false stretching and cuts, and so that, when it follows its long trajectory, it is not too relaxed, because in this case it would come up against the surrounding mechanical parts, which would lead to a destruction of the quality of the textile material.

  This is the reason why on the traditional combers, the output tension of the combed tape, between the pulling sleeve and the input of the curling box is currently adjustable via a pulley speed variator. , which is remotely actuated by means of a cardan and chain mechanical transmission, this adjustment must be made very precisely during the operation of the machine, the operator being situated near the exit in order to observe the effect of its adjustment on the combed tape. This mechanical device is of complex and expensive construction and the set value of the output voltage of the combed tape is currently constant within a combing cycle.

  Moreover, on the combers according to EP-A-1 254 976, the human machine interface makes it possible to consult and modify the value of the output tension of the combed tape located between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32, continuously without necessarily having to stop the machine. The output tension of the combed tape is conditioned by the speed ratio between the rollers of the curling box and the tear-off sleeve. For this purpose, an electric motor 84, whose speed is freely adjustable independently of the running speed of the machine, but is slaved to the speed of the motor 44, itself slaved to the speed of the main motor 80 of the machine, leads in the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32 are rotated. In the same way as for the other motors, the electric motor 84 is driven by the control device, which may be, for example, a frequency converter, itself connected using the local network internal to the machine to the programmable central unit, which can be a PLC or a computer.

  Thus, it becomes possible to adjust very precisely and during operation of the machine, using a control panel, the output tension of the combed tape between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the rollers 83 a and 83b of the curling box 32.

  The present invention also allows the output tension of the strip combed between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32 to be variable within the same combing cycle, and more particularly that the output tension of the strip combed between the tear-off sleeve 19 and the rollers 83a and 83b of the curling box 32 is reduced when the moving element 18 is moved away from the curling box 32 and increased when the moving element is near the curling box.

  Between these two extreme values of tension, one will gradually change the tension in order to minimize the cohesion of the ribbon. In this way, it avoids any risk of cutting the combed tape and the textile quality is optimized.

  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, especially from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements, without departing from the field of protection of the invention.

Claims (11)

-29-CLAIMS   1. A rectilinear combing machine comprising a circular comb (7) furnished with teeth or needles (8), a fixed comb (21), an upper food cylinder (81b) cooperating with a lower food cylinder (8la), a pliers (3) ) comprising, in particular, an upper jaw (4), a carriage (14) animated by an oscillating movement about its lower hinge (26), said carriage (14) supporting lower (15) and upper ( 16), a connecting rod (17), a moving element (18), a pulling sleeve (19) and detaching rollers (34a and 34b), characterized in that the travel of the carriage, which is the distance separating the two end positions of the carriage (14), measured at the tear line between the tear-off sleeve (19) and the upper roll (16), is strictly less than 60 mm.   2. rectilinear combing machine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the stroke of the carriage is 45 mm.   3. Combing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stroke of the detaching rolls (34b), which is the distance separating the two extreme positions of the carriage, measured at the level of the axis of the upper detaching cylinder (34b), is less than 35 mm.   4. rectilinear combing machine, according to claim 3, characterized in that the stroke of the detaching rolls (34b) is 33 mm.   5. rectilinear combing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressurization of the upper tearing cylinder (16) on the sleeve (19) is performed by an electropneumatic device embedded on the carriage (14).   6. rectilinear combing machine, according to claim 5, characterized in that the electropneumatic device comprises a pneumatic cylinder (74), which is placed on the carriage (14) close to the low joint (26) of said carriage and which moves levers (75a, 75b and 75c), which interact with each other in the form of a toggle joint between hinge points (76 and 77) integral with the same carriage (14).   The rectilinear comb as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the upper feed roll (8 lb) is pressurized against the lower feed roll (81a) by means of an electropneumatic device.   The rectilinear combo according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper feed cylinder (8 lb) is rotated by the lower feed cylinder (81a) by means of a pair of toothed gears.   9. rectilinear combing machine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing machine is equipped with a device for cleaning the circular comb (7), which comprises a comb (4a) lined with teeth or needles, integral with a flexible support (4b) which is placed on the body of the upper jaw (4) of the clamp (3), so that the teeth or needles of the comb (4a) are flush with the teeth or needles (8) of the circular comb (7), and such that when the circular comb (7) is rotated in the opposite direction of its normal operation, the comb (4a) removes from the teeth (8) the comb (7). ) the fibers and impurities that could lodge there.   10. Straight combler, according to claim 9, characterized in that the comb (4a) of the cleaning device of the circular comb (7) is replaced by a brush.   11. rectilinear combing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed comb body or the fixed comb (21) itself, is equipped with deflector plates (73a and 73b) disposed at the ends of the sharpened bands of the fixed comb (21). .