FR2856886A1 - Structure e.g. greenhouse, for cultivation of plant, has parallel trusses, each presenting rod for rigidifying arched unit, where adjacent rod cross each other to form crosspiece on which crossbeam rests - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure has a set of parallel truss (1), each presenting an arched unit (11) and a rod (12) for rigidifying the unit (11). The adjacent rods cross each other and form a crosspiece (13) on which a crossbeam (3) rests. Each truss is supported at its ends by vertical poles (5) constituted of a male part and a female part (52). The male and female parts slide on each other for permitting to adjust height of the pole.

Description

STRUCTURE OF THE GREEN TYPE WITH SPACER DEPORTEE

  The present invention relates to a structure of the greenhouse type, more particularly to a greenhouse type structure comprising a plurality of parallel trusses for supporting a flexible cover, each truss having a bent element and stiffening rods of the bent element, the trusses being interconnected by at least one spacer disposed beneath the bent member.

  This type of structure is more particularly intended for the production of greenhouses for the cultivation of so-called greenhouses chapels, both single-chapel type and multi-chapels. Greenhouses of this type have been described in patent FR 8915009.

  The framework of greenhouses chapels consists of farms, composed of bent elements stiffened by a set of rods generally supported by a horizontal beam, and covered with a film or plastic wrap forming a flexible cover, these farms being supported by poles anchored in the ground.

  The farms are arranged in rows to form one or more chapels.

  A so-called ridge spacer connects the various farms, to maintain them transversely but also to allow to stretch the soft cover. This ridge spacer is positioned under the top of the curved elements in order to be able to stretch the flexible cover and press against this spacer using halyards.

  The shape obtained, once the cover is stretched and in contact with both the spacer and the bent elements, allows a flow of water in gutters arranged at each side edge of the chapels and avoids excessive movement of the cover under the action of the wind.

  The hangers, spacers, stiffening rods and beams are generally tubular of circular section.

  The ridge spacer is deported under the top of the curved elements and is supported by an I-shaped connection consisting of a vertical tube portion whose ends are welded to two horizontal and perpendicular to each other, in which s 'nest the ends of the tubular elements forming a hanger and the ends of spacers. The upper horizontal tube portion forms the ridge of a bent member, and the lower horizontal tube portion connects two ridge spacers end to end.

  This embodiment has a certain number of drawbacks: E the manufacture of this connection requires specific equipment and several expensive machining, É the welds made weaken this connection which, especially in times of high winds, can break under the effect forces applied on the cover, É The bent element can not be made in one piece, É: the fixing of the spacers on the fitting is long and tedious, É the adjustment of the distance between the spacer and the element Arch is impossible and this type of structure is difficult to mount in uneven terrain with significant differences in elevation.

  Moreover, the current foot structures are generally anchored in the ground by permanent devices thanks in particular to concrete beds.

  This method of anchoring also has a certain number of disadvantages. It involves the realization of as many excavations in the ground as poles, which is a long, expensive and tedious operation, it requires a perfect leveling of the ground and is not adapted to the mode of culture in full field, E it requires a so-called time of laying, for the catch of the concrete, É the connection of the posts in the ground is of the type embedding, the stresses with the level of Anchoring is therefore important especially in times of high winds, É concrete mass casting damages the ground on which the greenhouse is assembled after dismantling it, and É it is single-use, not very flexible and makes difficult the reuse of land for another farm.

  Finally, the current conventional structures comprise posts of fixed height, which has a number of disadvantages E the height adjustment of each post must be carried out before its anchoring in the ground, and this anchoring is permanent and can not be easily modified after mounting the greenhouse.

  The purpose of the present invention is to facilitate assembly while ensuring good mechanical strength in difficult climatic conditions, particularly in high wind, rough terrain and field crop mode.

  The invention therefore relates to a structure of the greenhouse type comprising a plurality of parallel trusses for supporting a flexible cover, each truss having a bent element and stiffening rods of said bent element, said trusses being interconnected by at least one spacer arranged under the bent element.

  The invention achieves its object by the fact that at least two adjacent stiffening rods cross and form a cross on which is fixed said spacer.

  Very advantageously these two adjacent stiffening rods are fixed on either side of the top of the bent element at distinct points and intersect under said crown. In a conventional farm, the ends of two adjacent stiffening rods join to form an inverted V whose apex is fixed on the bent element at a single point. The brace obtained according to the invention then serves as support for the spacer.

  The installation of the spacer is, thanks to the invention, simply and efficiently, without the use of a connector. The length of the spacer is independent of the spacing of the trusses, and the curved element can be made in one piece.

  In addition, in case of high wind, the transverse force exerted on the spacer is then taken up by the two stiffening rods, which ensures the strength and stability of the assembly. Finally, before fixing the spacer on the spider, it is simply placed on the cross, which advantageously simplifies the mounting of the structure.

  In a preferred embodiment, the spacer rests on the brace and is fixed on said brace by a jumper-type element.

  This type of element is inexpensive and ensures a reliable maintenance of the spacer that is placed in position under the action of its own weight.

  In an advantageous embodiment, the bent element has a shape of the ogive type.

  This means that the bent element does not have a projecting angle so as not to hurt the soft cover. The curved element may also be in the shape of an arc. It can be made in one piece or by an assembly of several tubes put end to. end. The invention also covers the embodiments in which the trusses comprise several faces.

  According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, each of the trusses is supported by at least one vertical pole consisting of two parts, a male part and a female part, capable of sliding one inside the other in order to allow easy adjustment of the height of said post, the lower part being equipped with mooring means on the ground and the upper part being fixed to said farm.

  Vertical poles consist of two parts. A first part, equipped with mooring means, is first anchored in the ground and protrudes from the latter. The second part, attached to one end of the bent element then slides on the protruding portion of the ground, thus allowing adjustment of the desired height.

  The alignment of these posts thus constitutes the walls of the structure.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, said docking means comprise a screw anchor providing a ball-type connection between the ground and the vertical beam.

  The term "screw anchor" means that the mooring means consist of a portion of helical disc welded on an axis, the rotation of this axis with the aid of a suitable tool having the effect of driving into the ground of the mooring means.

  By ball-type connection is meant that the vertical posts have a certain limited degree of freedom along each of the 3 axes of orthogonal rotation and translation, thus ensuring the structure with a semi-rigid anchorage, that is to say with a some relative movement, and therefore some flexibility, during high winds and / or depending on the nature of the soil. Indeed, in these climatic conditions, the structure is subjected to a large number of constraints that will deform it and in particular at its ground anchor. This relative movement thus makes it possible to avoid the fatigue of the material which constitutes it and its breakage.

  In addition, these mooring means preserve the ground on which is mounted the greenhouse and their implementation is simple and instant, ie without exposure time. They are also reusable after disassembly of the structure.

  Finally the height of the posts of the described structure is adjustable, before, during and after assembly.

  According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the structure comprises means for adjusting the height of said vertical posts during and / or after the assembly of the trusses and vertical posts.

  This means that once the desired height obtained, temporary locking means allow to maintain the two parts of the posts during the rest of the assembly. This height can then be corrected later if necessary, permanent locking means by ensuring the final blocking once the assembled structure and all adjustments made.

  These final locking means may for example be obtained by placing bolts inside holes pierced face to face in the two parts of the vertical columns.

  In a preferred embodiment, a horizontal beam is disposed between the two ends of the bent element and fixed thereto, the stiffening rods are then mounted between the bent element and the horizontal beam. The positioning of the lower ends of the stiffening rods on the beam allows the adjustment of the position of the cross so that the spacer is at a height h of the top of said farm such that h - = - XH, H representing the distance between two consecutive farms, and X such that 5 5 X 5 20.

  The displacement of the lower ends of the rods on the beam is preferably by sliding the rod fixing means, simultaneously or independently.

  The simultaneous displacement of the two rods, ie their approximation or their symmetrical distance, allows a vertical adjustment of the position of the spider, the displacement of one of the two rods, independently of the other, allows a transverse adjustment .

  This gives an easy adjustment of the position of the spacer at an advantageous height h relative to the top of the farm, preferably such that h = 1 H, with H representing the distance between two consecutive farms, and X such that 5 5 X 5 20.

  In an advantageous embodiment, the trusses are a chapel type assembly at least partially covered by a flexible cover stretched by at least one halyard plating said cover against the spacer.

  This means that the cover, usually a plastic film, is first laid, then attached to the structure. It is then necessary to stretch it to prevent it from beating and being damaged during high winds.

  The cover is then stretched transversely on the trusses and then longitudinally using halyards, more particularly the film is subtended transversely and longitudinally extended. The cover can be pressed against the spacer, however, this contact is not required. Indeed, in the case where the spacer is sufficiently far from the top of the farm, a satisfactory coverage voltage is obtained before this contact. The spacer remains necessary to stiffen the structure, and the cover allows a good flow of rainwater. On the other hand, in case of additional climatic loads such as snow, it is preferable that the cover rests on the spacer in order to avoid ridge accumulation.

  According to a preferred embodiment, the structure comprises at least two juxtaposed chapels and channels are attached between two chapels juxtaposed at the end of the curved elements.

  This juxtaposition ensures in particular a better stability of the structure.

  These channels stiffen the structure by acting as a spacer, and allow the evacuation of rainwater.

  According to a preferred embodiment, the adjustment of the slope of the channels is ensured by the adjustment of the vertical posts, when the structure is assembled, before the final blocking ensured by the bolts.

  Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge on reading the following description given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a chapel according to the invention;

  FIG. 2 represents a farm 1 according to the invention; 3 shows in perspective and on a larger scale a node consisting of a cross stiffening rods, and a spacer, and the fixing rider of the spacer on a spider; FIG. 4 is a perspective enlargement of the height adjustment system of the beams; FIG. 5 shows a structure of the multi-chapel greenhouse type; and FIG. 6 is a side view of a chapel 7 The trusses 1, as represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, result from the assembly of a curved element 11 stiffened by at least two rods 12 forming a crosspiece 13.

  The bent element 11 is preferably ogival-shaped in order to prevent a projecting part from damaging the flexible cover 2. However, it can be of any shape and made in one or more nested pieces according to the desired applications. .

  The trusses 1 are supported at each of their ends by vertical posts 5.

  The ends of the bent element 11 are preferably connected by a horizontal beam 121. At least two stiffening rods 12, fixed between the bent element 11 and the horizontal beam 121 and forming a cross 13 under the roof of the bent element 11, ensure the maintenance of their spacing.

  According to the dimensions of the farm 1. Other rods can be arranged between the beam 121 and the bent element 11 to improve the rigidity The farms 1 once assembled are mounted on the posts 5 with the aid of multifunctional bits 10.

  Oblique rods 122 may be fixed between the farm 1 and the posts 5. The vertical posts 5 are preferably made from profiles of rectangular section.

  As shown in Figure 3, the stiffening rods 12 and the horizontal beam 121 are tubular and cylindrical section. The ends of the stiffening rods 12 are flattened and drilled to allow their attachment by means of collars 9 on the bent element 11 and the beam 121.

  This type of simple attachment allows in particular to slide the collars 9 and the ends of the stiffening rods 12 along the horizontal beam 121 before blocking. It is the same for the collars 9 arranged on the bent element 11 on either side of the ridge of the latter. This allows easy adjustment of the position of the spider 13 and at any time of the assembly. It should be noted that the two stiffening rods 12 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the farm 1 and intersect under the ridge of the bent element 11.

  Fixing the rods 12 on the collars 9 is preferably made by means of rivets or bolts inserted in holes in the flattened ends of the rods 12 and in the ears provided on the collars 9, which ensures, in addition, the clamping and locking the collars 9 on the bent element 11 and the beam 121 The posts 5, the stiffening rods 12, the beam 121 and the collars 9, as well as any other element of the structure, are preferably made in a non-corrosive material such as aluminum.

  The stiffening beams 12 are fixed on the bent element 11 so as to form at least one spider 13 for supporting a ridge spacer 3 connecting the different trusses 1. According to the shape and size of the trusses 1, several pairs of rods 12 may form several braces 13 for supporting a ridge spacer 3 and secondary spacers arranged symmetrically on either side of the plane of symmetry of the trusses 1.

  The adjustment of the position of the braces 13 is obtained by sliding the clamps 9 for fixing the stiffening rods 12 along the horizontal beam 121 and / or along the bent element 11 as previously described.

  The spacer 3 is first placed on the cross 13. By its weight, it will be positioned on the cross 13 between the two rods 12, which corrects possible misalignment between the different farms 1. It is then held and fixed on the cross 13 with a jumper 4 U-shaped. The two rods of the rider 4 will preferably be placed on either side of the two rods 12 and their threaded ends. through the holes in the spacer 3. The locking is finally ensured by two nuts screwed on the threaded ends of the rider 4 which emerge above the spacer 3.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the vertical posts 5 consist of two parts, a male part 51 and a female part 52.

  The male part is equipped with an anchoring means 53 in the ground, preferably screw and auger type. It is placed in the ground with the aid of a specific installation tool, key type, not shown. The male portion 51 is driven into the ground until a welded disk 55 comes into contact with the ground, ensuring the stability of the anchor. A piece of the male part 51 of complementary shape to that of the female part 52 then protrudes from the ground.

  The female part 52 can then slide on the piece that protrudes thereby allowing the height of the post 5 to be adjusted.

  Temporary blocking can be achieved using a self-drilling screw.

  The final maintenance of these two parts is ensured by the establishment of a bolt positioned in holes drilled face to face in both male and female parts.

  As represented in FIG. 5, the structure can be composed of several side-by-side chapels. Gutters 8 arranged on either side of each chapel guarantee on the one hand the recovery and evacuation of rainwater and, on the other hand, stiffen the structure by acting as a spacer.

  A hole 81 made at least at one of their ends allows the evacuation of water. This can be recovered by pipes, not shown in the drawings for the sake of clarity, or simply guided to the. ground thanks to. unrepresented chains to prevent, that during high winds, its flow does not damage the soft cover.

  The slope of the gutters 8 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the vertical posts 5.

  As shown in FIG. 6, a flexible cover 2 covers said structure.

  Depending on the type of crop, the cover may be arranged at least partially on the roof forming a greenhouse called umbrella or cover the entire structure.

  The flexible cover 2 is preferably a transparent plastic cover.

  This is first maintained on the structure. 6 halyards disposed on the cover 2 then plate laterally on the bent elements 11 and longitudinally on the spacer 3, thereby giving the shape of a saddle between two consecutive farms 1.

  The halyards 6 are hung on either side of the chapel, the flexible cover 2 being retained between the halyards 6 and the trusses 1.

Claims (10)

  A greenhouse type structure comprising a plurality of parallel trusses (1) for supporting a flexible cover (2), each truss having a bent member (11) and stiffening rods (12) of said bent member (11), said trusses (1) being interconnected by at least one spacer (3) arranged under the bent element (11), characterized in that at least two of said adjacent stiffening rods (12) intersect and form a cross ( 13) on which said spacer (3) rests.   2. Structure according to claim 1 characterized in that said spacer (3) is held on said spider (13) by a fastener.   3. Structure according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that said bent element (11) has a shape of the ogive type.   4. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that each of said trusses (1) is supported by at least one vertical pole (5) consisting of two parts, a male part (51) and a female part (52) slidable relative to one another, thereby allowing adjustment of the height of said post (5), the lower part being equipped with ground anchoring means (53) and the upper part being fixed to said farm (1). ).   5. Structure according to claim 4 characterized in that said docking means (53) comprise a screw anchor providing a ball-type connection between the ground and said vertical pole (5).   6. Structure according to one of claims 4 or 5 characterized in that it comprises means for adjusting the height of said vertical posts (5) for performing the adjustment during and / or after assembly of said farms (1) with said vertical posts (5).   7. Structure according to one of claims 4 to 6 characterized in that a horizontal beam (121) is fixed between the two ends of said bent element (11), said stiffening rods (12) are mounted between said bent element ( 11) and said horizontal beam (121), such that said spacer (3) is at a height h from the top of said farm (1) preferably such that h = XH, where H is the distance between two farms consecutive, and X such that 5 X <_ 20.   8. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that said trusses (1) constitute a chapel-type assembly at least partially covered by said cover (2) flexible stretched by at least one halyard (6) plating said cover ( 2) against said spacer (3).   9. Structure according to claim 8 characterized in that it comprises at least two juxtaposed chapels (7) and that channels (8) are fixed between two of said chapels (7) juxtaposed at the end of said bent elements (11). .   10. Structure according to claim 9 characterized in that the adjustment of the slope of the channels (8) is provided by the adjustment of said vertical posts (5).