FR2846035A1 - Rotating valve operating mechanism for i.c engine comprises two tubes with orifices for admission of fresh gas and exhaust of burnt gases to cylinder head orifices through valves - Google Patents

Abstract

The valve operating mechanism consists of two tubes (1,2) comprising orifices (3,4) for the admission of fresh gas and the exhaust of burnt gases towards the cylinder head orifices by means of valves (9,10). Sealing is ensured by the valves and flexible metallic joints (13).

Description

The invention relates to a rotary distribution device for a motor with

  internal combustion (petrol or diesel type) fitting on the top of the engine instead of the cylinder head and its valve equipment. It is driven in the same way as the camshaft of the

conventional distributions.

  As a whole, patent N0 83 16 447 describes a distribution by 1 partitioned tube, which has, on each side of this partition, orifices for carrying out the intake and the exhaust. But unlike that mentioned above, the device according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the distribution using two tubes. One dedicated to the intake the other to the exhaust. 10 For this purpose, the tubes 1 and 2 comprising orifices 3 and 4 rotate in guides 5 and 6 also pierced with holes 7 and 8 in which are housed plugs 9 and 10 ensuring

  the seal between the cylinder head and the intake and exhaust tubes.

  The seal between the plugs and the cylinder head is ensured by an O-ring or any other element capable of remedying it. Between the bushel and the distributor, the sealing is carried out

by a flexible metallic seal.

  In its design, the device according to the invention is intended for thermal engines four

  petrol or diesel time and can be applied to a two-stroke engine without lights.

  All the materials likely to be used in these realizations are, steels, cast iron GS

  ceramics, and other composite materials.

  This device, with few moving parts, reduces the weight of the motors thus equipped.

  Distribution device for four-stroke heat engine. (Figl) The invention relates to a rotary distribution system, driven, like motors

  conventional by the crankshaft and covering the upper part of the four-stroke engine.

  It is constituted by two tubes (1) intake and (2) exhaust, in metallic or composite materials each comprising orifices (four for four cylinders, three for three cylinders etc.) produced so as to ensure the cyclic distribution of the cylinders during of the rotation.

The tube (1) dedicated to the intake

  The tube (2) dedicated to the exhaust.

  Sealing is ensured by O-rings (conventional or metallic) between the bushels

  9 etlO and the cylinder head, and by a flexible metal seal between the plugs and the tubes 1 and 2.

  Tubes 1 and 2 rotate freely in 2 guides 5 and 6 in which the bushels 9 and 10

are held in position.

  In most cases currently, and since the invention of the internal combustion engine, the distribution is ensured by a team of valves returned by springs or other return device (desmodromic -) and one or more camshafts positioned either 40 directly on the valves either by using pushers and rocker arms, causing significant mechanical losses by friction as well as significant stresses at the contact points. Other systems eliminating valves and springs exist but increase the complexity and

mechanical friction.

  This device, according to the invention ensures, as in the aforementioned patent, the distribution cycle by eliminating many constraints and by keeping the low engine in its traditional form. In this device, the distribution is ensured by two tubes 1 and 2 housed in their guides 5 and 6 which by their orifices machined with appropriate angles, depending on the engine concerned for its specific use such as power, flexibility, and speed of rotation (sport engine,

torque or "deflated").

  Inside each tube, the fresh or burnt gases are sucked in or discharged through the orifices brought into agreement between the openings of the tubes 1 and 2 and the openings of the cylinders in the cylinder head, by means of bushels 9 and 10 ( sealing). By way of illustration, operating diagrams are attached in ref to the sectional figure, representing 1 cylinder on all the cylinders of the engine (from 1 to n cylinders) in line or in V (in the case of the V engine , 4 Add / Esc tubes are required). It should be noted that the device thus

  defined can distribute engines from 1 to n cylinders. Similarly, for V motors four hollow tubes 10 are required. Two per cylinder head.

  Figure 2 illustrates the intake phase.

  The piston (11) descends into the cylinder (12) the intake orifice (3) concides with the orifice of the cylinder 15 via the plug (9): Fresh air + mixture enter.

  Figure 3 illustrates the compression phase.

  The piston (11) rises in the cylinder (12) the orifices (3) and (4) due to the rotation of the tubes 1 and 2

  are hidden: compression can be performed.

  Figure 4 illustrates the combustion / expansion phase.

  The piston having arrived at top dead center (TDC), in advance near in the cylinder (12) the gases are ignited by the spark of the spark plug, the gases push the piston (11) down (mechanical effect engine ).

  Figure 5 illustrates the exhaust phase.

  The piston (11) rises in the cylinder (12) and the burnt gases are expelled through the orifice of the tube (2)

  brought into line with the orifice of the cylinder (12) by means of the plug (10).

  The flexible metallic seal (13) inserted between the plug and the tubes 1 and 2 by its shape, ensures sealing during the compression and the evacuation of the gases burnt by the piston (11) which rises in the

  cylinder (12), as well as the sealing of the lubricating oil, preventing it from returning to the cylinders.

  In the aforementioned patent, the mechanical losses are reduced to their simplest expression due to the absence of cams and parasitic friction which they induce. The rotational movements 35 allow high speeds and great flexibility.

  The present invention brings, in, the difference: 1- A separate distribution Intake, Exhaust by two separate elements: tube (1) and tube (2). 2- The interposition between cylinders and tubes (1) and (2) of plugs (9) and (10) allowing sealing

  thrust of gas and lubrication.

  3- The position of the tubes (1) and (2) in guides (5) and (6) allowing on the one hand, by their

  realization (material and lubrication) of ensuring perfect rotation of the distribution tubes, without the addition of elements such as bearings, needle cages or plain bearings On the other hand, 45 being able to carry out an easy disassembly of the cylinder head assembly and of all of its elements.

  4- A realization of the tubes (1) and (2) very easy because without partitioning. The opening / closing cycles, BEAU DE BOCHAS cycles (A.O.A - R.F. A - A.O.E - R.F.E) can

  be easily modified, on the tubes, by simple machining of the orifices.

  - Existence of a single inlet (fresh gas) and a single outlet (burnt gas) on one side of the cylinder head. 50 (more intake and exhaust manifold) The device according to the invention, if it makes it possible to advantageously use all composite materials, carbon and others, the use of materials already used in the automobile for the production of all the constituent parts of the crew (treated carbon steel, cemented, GS cast iron, Cupro-aluminum, and Aluminum) in their known states can also be envisaged and preferred. The device, as it is formulated also specifies an easy assembly technique for the

cylinder head thus formed.

  The assembly does not exclude, and even recommends a fuel supply by injection (petrol or diesel) independent of the intake manifold. 10 The invention, in its main idea defines a rotary distribution with two tubes (intake / exhaust) in two sleeves (guides) also guiding and defining the position of the

  connecting bushels between the lower engine cylinders and the rotary distribution tubes.

  A variant can be produced by replacing the plugs (9) and (10), and by modifying the machining operations on the cylinder head, so as to be able to leave a degree of freedom in rotation to the

  sleeves (guides) and to the bushels thus linked.

  The device according to the invention, in this case, achieves a variable rotary distribution.

  This possibility is made possible by giving the scabbard a "piloted" freedom in

  rotation around the distributor which it encloses. See figure (6).

  This device authorizes a variation of the distribution times according to the engine speed. (Reduced opening when rotating at low speed, and enlarged opening at high speeds). The circular movement of the two guides makes it possible to produce a variable distribution over time, according to the engine speed, so as to enlarge or

reduce openings.

  An exploded view of the distribution system is shown in the figure diagram. (9) allowing a better understanding of the operation and the gas circuit in the two tubes 1 30 and 2 (intake / exhaust). A fig. View (8) shows the detail of the flexible metal joints ensuring the seal between the tubes 1 and 2 and bushels. Joints which can easily be made using

  new shape memory materials among others.

  A detail of the two types of bushels and their associated tightness is shown in Figure (7) 35 The geometry of the bushels and the shape of the opening ensuring the movement of fresh and burnt gases is not imperative and can take any form that will not harm the need to

  seal between the cylinder head and the plug and between the plug and the tubes 1 and 2.

  The device according to the invention also makes it possible to avoid any risk of engine breakage during the breaking or shifting of the timing belt. Indeed, no element is between the cylinder head and the piston (valves) and nothing can therefore lead to destructive contacts.

Claims (8)

CLAIMS.   1- Rotary device ensuring the distribution of fresh and burned gases in the cylinders of four-stroke and two-stroke internal combustion engines characterized by the presence of two hollow tubes 1 and 2 (intake and exhaust) each comprising openings offset angularly so to ensure correct operation of the engine for a specific use,   Themselves, driven by the lower part of the engine at a speed twice as slow, making reconcile, alternately, by means of bushels, their openings with those of the cylinder head, covering as on any engine the cylinders and the pistons .   2 - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that two hollow tubes 1 and 2 each having openings ensures, the intake and exhaust of the engine cylinders. (It should be noted that the device thus defined can distribute engines from 1 to n cylinders. Similarly, for V-shaped engines four hollow tubes are required. Two per head 15 of cylinder head)   3- Device according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that plugs 9 and 10   interposed between the cylinder head and the hollow tubes 1 and 2 provide sealing during operation.   4 - Device according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that a flexible metallic seal 20 interposed between the plugs 9 and 10 and the distribution tubes 1 and 2 provides sealing   between the combustion chamber and the distribution cylinders, and the oil tightness of reverse lubrication.   - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 characterized in that an O-ring   metallic or material holding at high temperature provides sealing between the plugs 25 and the cylinder head.   6 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, and 4 characterized in that a flexible metallic seal made of shape memory materials that can also be used (Figure -8) 7 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 and 6 characterized in that composite materials (carbon, ceramics) are used for the production of tubes, guides, and bushels, all materials with good mechanical and thermal resistance and making it possible to limit lubrication.   8 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 characterized in that in a   second configuration, materials such as treated steels (conventional heat treatments of mechanical parts), bronzes for the manufacture of guides, aluminum   and fonts for making the cylinder head and the cylinder head cap can be used.   9 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 characterized in that the system for guiding the tubes such as bearings, needle rings or other plain bearings is no longer essential.   10 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 characterized in that the   circular movement of the two guides allows variable distribution in the   time, depending on the engine speed, so as to enlarge or reduce the openings.