FR2553469A1 - Timing device for four-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary timing device, driven by a crankshaft, fitted to the top part of four-stroke internal combustion engines. It is constituted by a tube 1 made of ceramic, composite or metallic material, comprising orifices 2, 3 ensuring the induction of fresh gases and the exhaust of burnt gases, with respect to the orifice 4 of the cylinder head 5 covering the cylinder 6 and its piston 7. The gas-tightness is ensured by a segment 8 made of composite or metallic material, surrounding the tube and its orifices. The device according to the invention is more particularly intended for four-stroke and diesel internal combustion engines. The use of composite materials in its manufacture, as well as ceramics, make it into a device particularly suited to engines in cases in which lightness is sought, such as light aircraft, ultra-lights, as well as motor cars and motorcycles.

Description

 Distribution device for four-stroke heat engine (Figure 1).

 The invention relates to a rotary distribution device, driven by crankshaft, adapting to the upper part of four-stroke thermal engines.

I1 consists of a tube (4) made of ceramic, composite or metallic material, comprising orifices () () (3) ensuring the admission of fresh gases (2) and the exhaust (3) of the burnt gases, by relative to orifice (4) of cylinder head t5) covering the cylinder (6) and its piston (7)
The seal is ensured by a segment (a) of composite or metallic material, surrounding the tube and its orifices.

 The device according to the invention is more particularly intended for four-stroke and diesel heat engines. The use of composite materials in its manufacture, as well as ceramics make it a particularly suitable device on machines where lightness is sought, such as light aviation, motorized ultra light, as well as the automobile and motorcycle.

 The present invention relates to a device for distributing fresh and burnt gases (air + fuel) for combustion four-stroke thermal engines.

 Traditionally, distribution is ensured by valves controlled by cams and returned by springs or other return devices, causing significant mechanical losses.

 Other systems eliminating springs and valves exist, but accentuate the complexity as well as the mechanical friction.

 The device according to the invention ensures the distribution cycle by overcoming these drawbacks while retaining the traditional mechanical lower part of the engine. In this device, the distribution is carried out by a tube, in composite, ceramic or metallic material, comprising orifices on either side of a partition, oriented at appropriate angles of the coqçerned motor, for a specific use, such as power, flexibility and speed. The seal is provided by a segment, of composite or metallic material, surrounding the tube and its lights.

 Inside the tube, the circulating gases are admitted or rejected by correspondence of the orifices of the tube and those practiced in the cylinder head covering the cylinder and its piston.

By way of illustration, the drawings are attached with reference to the
Figure 1 showing the device in section.

- - Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the admission phase. I
The piston ('SI) descends into the cylinder (6) 6, the orifice
intake (t) coincides with the opening (4) of the cylinder head
(5) and the intake of fresh gas can be carried out.

 - Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the compression phase.

The piston (7) rises in the cylinder (6), the orifices (9) and (3) of the tube>) are hidden with respect to the ori-
fice (4) of the cylinder head (ç), compression takes place.

 - Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the explosion and expansion phase of the gases.

The piston (7) having arrived at the high point of the cylinder (6)
the gases are ignited by a spark, pushing the piston (7) towards
the bottom, causing the desired mechanical effort.

 - Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the exhaust phase.

The piston (7); goes back into the cylinder (6): and pushes back
the gases burned by facing the orifice (3) of the tube and the ori
breech (4)
The segment (8) 1, of composite or metallic material, surrounding
the purpose of the tube X (z) 'is to ensure a seal between the cylinder (6)
and the holes (g) and (5) of the tube (4) and between the holes
(& and (3) themselves, as well as a lubrication seal.

In the device according to the invention, the mechanical losses become
greatly reduced by the absence of springs and other return devices.

This rotary movement of the tube ensures great flexibility of function
and high distribution speeds. On the other hand, the times of
opening and closing of the openings can be very easily modified.

- According to a first variant illustrated in Figure 1 the distribution is provided
rée by a tube, in composite material, ceramic or metallic, partitioned in
his middle. One of these parts allows the admission, the other the exhaust,
by correspondence of the tube and cylinder head openings.

- According to a second variant, illustrated in FIG. 10, the distribution can
be insured, with reference to variant one, for an unspecified number of
cylinders (ex: figure 10 represents 4 cylinders).

- It should be noted that the dead volumes can be considerably reduced
cloudy, by the absence of valve lift, often resulting in machining of the
piston head.

- In variants one and two, the seal is ensured by one or two segments, shown in perspective in FIGS. 11 and 12 making it possible to isolate the intake orifice from the exhaust orifice and from the cylinder, and limit the penetration of lubricating oil into the tube openings and into the combustion chamber of the cylinder head, and ensure correct compression of the gases for maximum efficiency.

 As mentioned in the previous paragraphs, composite materials (eg carbon) are used, as well as ceramics, in the manufacture of the rotating part (tube) of the cylinder head and of the segment, due to the absence of lubrication (eg carbon) combines very high mechanical resistance, including at high temperature, as do ceramics for their very good mechanical and thermal resistance, used in molded forms.

 However, traditional materials, such as treated steels (nitriding or carburizing treatment) or bronzes with high mechanical and thermal resistance can be used for the manufacture of the tube, and light alloy or cast iron for the manufacture of the cylinder head.

 For the sealing segment, cast iron (SS cast iron) or brone can be used between employees.

The invention also provides for the presence of plain or needle bearings for holding the tube in the cylinder head, or the absence of bearing on the tube, the sliding being effected directly between tube and cylinder head with or without lubrication depending on the materials used. , steel or composite, the invention also provides for the presence of a sheath mounted greenhouse in the cylinder head serving as the tube rotation bearing
In the invention, the tube rotation speed is twice as slow as the lower part of the motor which drives it.

Claims (9)

1 - Rotary device to distribute fresh and burnt gases  in the cylinders of four-stroke internal combustion engines, charac  terized by the presence of a partitioned tube, comprising orifices  part and other of this partition, and being offset one by; compared to each other  by an angle adapted to the operation of the engine for a specific use  fique. The tube, being driven by the lower part of the engine at a speed  twice as slow, alternately matches its orifices with  that practiced in a cylinder head covering the cylinder and its piston, according to  the traditional four-stroke cycle. 2 - Device according to claim 1, characterized by a partitioned tube  comprising on either side of this partition orifices, one ensuring  the intake and the other the exhaust, and ensuring the operation of a  single cylinder engine. 3 - Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the presence  of a tube partitioned in several places, comprising on either side of  these partitions of the orifices ensuring the admission and the exhaust of the gases,  ensuring the operation of a multi-cylinder engine. 4 - Device according to claims 1,2 and 3 characterized by the presence  of a monobloc segment (FIG. 11) surrounding the tube and its orifices, assu  rant the seal between the combustion chamber of the cylinder head and the orifices and  tube; sealing between the holes themselves / to avoid your loss of  lubricant. 5 - Device according to claims 1,2 and 3, characterized by the presence  two segments (Figure 12) sealing according to claim 4. 6 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized by the  presence of composite materials (such as carbon) and ceramics for the  tube, cylinder head and segment manufacturing, materials with  good mechanical, thermal, and in some cases avoiding lubrication  cation. 7 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized by the  presence, in a second configuration, of materials such as steels  treated (nitriding or carburizing treatments) bronzes for the manufacture  cation of tube, segment, and light alloys and cast iron for cu  weary, cast iron (GS font) for the segment. e - Device according to claims 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, characterized by  the presence of plain or needle bearings to hold the tube in  the breech. 9 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, characterized  by the absence of bearing on the tube, the sliding being done directly  between the tube and the cylinder head with lubrication for the use of maté  metal and certain composite or ceramic materials, or without lu  brification for certain other composite or ceramic materials. 10 - Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, character  laughed at by the presence of a sheath mounted tight in the cylinder head and used  tube rotation bearing.