FR2794770A1 - Mixing grapes and juice during wine making by submerging the grapes, by lowering vanes from above, in a device which can be moved easily from vessel to vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for mixing grapes and juice, comprising vanes (48a and b) attached to a mounting (45) which can be moved up and down a central shaft, is new. As the vanes are raised, by rotation of the shaft, fingers (60a and b) encounter radial plates (59a-c) on the sides of the casing, which guide them to the inclined ramps (61a and b) and rods (62a-c) which position them for the next lowering cycle.

Description

The present invention relates to an installation for immersing grapes in their juice in a winemaking tank.

French patent application FR 98 02507 discloses an installation for immersing grapes in their juice in a vinification vat comprising support means intended to be installed on the opening of said vat, at least one vane mounted on said support means by means of a rod between an upper zone intended to enable said blade to be placed above said juice and a lower zone intended to allow said blade to be placed in said juice, and means for rotating said blade; a predetermined angle about the axis of said rod when the blade is in said high zone.

In this installation of the prior art which comprises two blades, the rod is threaded, the blades are integral in rotation with this rod, and a nut rotatably mounted on the support means, driven by an electric motor and cooperating with this rod, allows to selectively raise or lower the latter, and thus to place the blades in the high or low areas.

When the rod rises, it comes out above the upper part of the support means. It is therefore necessary to provide that the height available above the tank is relatively large.

This constraint is in practice rarely satisfied since, in the interests of making the best use of the space available in a cellar, the height of a tank is frequently chosen so as to be only slightly less than the ceiling height. from this cellar.

In addition, for reasons of safety in particular, it is appropriate to confine in a housing the area within which the rod is likely to move, which increases the manufacturing cost and the weight of this installation of the prior art .

Furthermore, the means for pivoting the blades at a predetermined angle comprise a ratchet device placed in the upper part of said housing, which also contributes to increasing the vertical dimensions of this installation of the prior art.

It is also necessary to reinforce the protective casing so that it can support this ratchet device, which increases the manufacturing cost and the weight of this installation.

As an indication, the weight of this installation can easily reach a hundred kilograms, which makes handling particularly inconvenient and dangerous especially when it must be moved from one tank to another. The present invention aims to provide a grape immersion installation that does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.

This object of the invention is achieved with an installation for immersing grapes in their juice in a winemaking vat comprising support means intended to be installed on the opening of said vat, at least one vane mounted movably on said vat means. support via a rod between an upper zone intended to allow said blade to be placed above said juice and a lower zone intended to allow said blade to be placed in said juice, and means for rotating said blade; a predetermined angle about the axis of said rod when said blade is in said high zone, remarkable in that the upper end of said rod is mounted fixed in translation on said support means.

With these features, it is possible to move the blades vertically between the high and low areas without having to move the rod above the support means, which reduces the vertical footprint of this installation.

It is furthermore no longer necessary to provide a protective casing, which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost and the weight of the installation.

The object of the invention is also achieved with an installation for immersing grapes in their juice in a vinification vat comprising support means intended to be installed on the opening of said vat and defining a certain volume, at least one vane. mounted movably on said support means by means of a rod between an upper zone intended to allow said blade to be placed above said juice and a lower zone intended to allow said blade to be placed in said juice, and means for pivoting said blade by a predetermined angle around the axis of said rod when said blade is in said high zone, characterized in that said pivoting means are placed at least partly inside said volume.

Thanks to these characteristics, at least part of the pivoting means can be offset within the volume defined by the support means, which makes it possible to reduce the vertical bulk, the manufacturing cost and the weight of the installation. .

According to other characteristics of this installation - said rod is threaded, said blade is pivotally mounted about the axis of said rod by means of a nut forming part, said rod is pivotally mounted on said support means, and said installation comprises reaction means intended to oppose the torque imparted by said rod to said nut piece, said rod is telescopic, said blade is mounted to rotate with said rod about its axis, said rod is pivotally mounted in a nut part itself pivotally mounted on said support means, and said installation comprises reaction means for opposing the torque printed by said nut piece to said rod.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following description and on examining the appended drawing, in which - FIG. 1 is a view from above of a first embodiment of the invention. According to the invention, FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of this installation along line II-II of FIG. 1 when it is placed on a winemaking tank, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. a detail of a variant of the installation of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of another detail of the installation of FIG. 2; FIGS. 5 and 6 are partial views developed in plan. other variants of the installation of FIG. 2, and FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the installation according to the invention.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, which shows that, according to a first embodiment, the installation according to the invention comprises support means such as a substantially cylindrical sheath 1 formed for example at least partially in a perforated stainless steel sheet.

A plate 3 is fixed in the upper part of this sheath, transversely to its axis A.

This plate 3 is reinforced by a plurality of ribs 7a, 7b, 7c, arranged for example at 120 in three pairs as can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, and by a toric portion 9 centered on the axis A.

The installation according to the invention may also comprise a motor reducer assembly 11 and an electrical control box 13 fixed on three arms 14a, 14b, 14c arranged at 120, these arms being themselves able to be fixed on three strain gages. 15a, 15b, 15c arranged at 120 and fixed to the plate 3 for example by means of screws 17a, 17b, 17c.

According to a possible variant and shown in FIG. 3, the arms 14 can be mounted each sliding on a screw 19 fixed to the plate 3 by means of a nut 21, a spring 23 being interposed between the arm 14 and the head 24 of the screw 19 and a contactor 25 being mounted on the arm 14 and cooperating with the head 24 so as to be actuated when the arm moves relative to the screw 19. The strain gauges 15 or the contactors 25 are electrically connected to the box electrical control 13.

As can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, a bar 26 is preferably connected to the upper edge of the sheath 1 via a plurality of spacers 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d, 27e, 27f.

Referring again to Figure 2, which shows that the installation according to the invention also comprises a ring assembly 28 disposed at the periphery of the sheath 1 and slidably mounted on the latter, which may comprise for example a part substantially toroidal 29 and, optionally, two fixing plates 30a, 30b connected to this portion and arranged diametrically opposite.

Optionally, the ring assembly 28 may comprise a plurality, and preferably three hooks arranged at 120 on the substantially toric portion 29, two 31a, 31b of these hooks being visible in Figure 2.

The installation according to the invention also comprises a plurality, and preferably three sets of indexing intended to be arranged at 120 outside the sheath 1, two 32a, 32b of these sets being visible in FIG.

As can be seen in detail in FIG. 4, each of these indexing assemblies comprises a plurality of hooks 33 intended to cooperate with holes in the sheet forming the sheath 1, as well as an indexing finger 35 provided with a gripping head 37 and recalled by elastic means (not shown) in the position shown in Figure 4 where it can cooperate with a hole of the sheath 1.

Optionally, when the ring assembly 28 comprises hooks 31, each indexing assembly 32 may comprise a counter-hook 39 intended to cooperate with each of these hooks, as can be seen in FIG. 4.

Referring again to FIG. 2, it can be seen that, in the first embodiment, the installation according to the invention also comprises a threaded rod 41 coupled to the geared motor assembly 11, passing through the plate 3 and extending beyond the lower edge 43 of the sheath 1.

A nut piece 45 is pivotally mounted on the threaded rod 41, and this piece supports at least one and preferably two blades 47a, 47b mounted substantially in opposition to the axis A.

Each blade is reinforced by a rib 48a, 48b, and preferably has an enlarged end 49a, 49b (see Figure 1).

The threaded rod 41 and the two blades 47a, 47b are preferably made of stainless steel, and the piece 45 is preferably of food-grade plastic. A stop member 51 (see FIG. 2) is attached to the lower end of the threaded rod 41 so as to prevent the piece 45 can leave this screw.

Preferably, and as shown, the two blades 47a, 47b are pivotally mounted on the part 45 between an extended position shown in solid lines in FIG. 2 and a retracted position shown in phantom, two springs 53a, 53b exerting on these blades tend to recall them to their deployed position.

The part 45 comprises, in its lower part, two abutment pads 55a, 55b against which the two blades 47a, 47b come to bear when they are in the deployed position.

Each of the two blades 47a, 47b may comprise a spout 56a, 56b arranged so as to be able to bear against the O-ring portion 9 of the plate 3 when the blades are in the position shown in phantom.

In the first embodiment, the installation according to the invention comprises reaction means that may comprise a plurality of plates (for example five) fixed axially on one half of the inside of the sheath 1, three of them 59a. , 59b, 59c being visible in Figure 2, and two fingers 60a, 60b fixed on the part 45 substantially in opposition to the axis A, these fingers being intended to cooperate with the plates 59.

In the first embodiment, the installation according to the invention may comprise pivoting means comprising a plurality of ramps (for example five) fixed inside the sheath 1 above the plates 59 while being inclined (by example of 45) relative to these plates, two of these ramps 61a, 61b being visible in Figure 2, and a plurality of bent rods (for example five) pivotally mounted inside the sheath 1 around of pions, three of these bent rods 62a, 62b, 62c and three of these pins 63a, 63b, 63c being visible in FIG. 2.

The bent rods 62 can only turn in a clockwise direction (seen from inside the sheath 1) from the position shown in FIG. 1 in which they abut on their associated ramps 61 ( bead 62a abutting on the ramp 61a, bead 62b abuts on the ramp 61b, etc.).

As shown in Figure 2, the plates 59, the ramps 61 and the rods 62 somehow define Y disposed within the sheath 1.

According to a variant of the pivoting means visible in FIG. 5, the ramps 61 and the bent rods 62 may be replaced by a plurality of pawls (for example five) fastened inside the sheath 1 above the plates 59, only one of these pawls 64 being represented in FIG. 6, as well as by a plurality of stops (for example five) fixed inside the sheath 1 next to pawls 64, only one of these stops being represented on the figure 5.

Each pawl 64 may comprise a first cylindrical element 66 fixed inside the sheath 1, and a second cylindrical element 67 slidably mounted inside the first cylindrical element 66, this second cylindrical element tending to return substantially downwards. in abutment against the flat 59 associated with it under the effect of its weight.

According to another variant of the reaction means visible in FIG. 6, these means may comprise a lower toothing 68 comprising a plurality of teeth (for example eight) fixed on the lower edge 43 of the sheath 1, three of these teeth 69a, 69b. , 69c being visible in Figure 6, the toothing preferably extending only on a half-perimeter of the edge 43 when the installation according to the invention comprises two blades 47a, 47b.

Between two consecutive teeth 69 is preferably a groove, two such grooves 70a, 70b being visible in FIG. 6.

When the installation according to the invention is equipped with this other variant of the reaction means, the pivoting means preferably comprise an upper toothing 73 comprising a plurality of teeth (for example sixteen) defining substantially right triangles, fixed under the part 9 of the plate 3, two of these teeth 75a, 75b being visible in Figure 6.

Referring now to FIG. 7, it can be seen that, according to a second embodiment, the installation according to the invention can comprise, in place of the threaded rod 41, a telescopic rod 85 whose upper part 87 is fixedly mounted in translation on the arms 14 and whose lower part 89 supports the blades 47.

This telescopic rod can be connected to an actuating device such as a hydraulic distribution system 91, known per se.

In this second embodiment, only the last reaction and pivoting means mentioned above can be used.

The mode of operation and the advantages of the first embodiment of the installation according to the invention result directly from the foregoing description.

When this installation is to be moved from one vinification tank to another, the blades 47a, 47b are in the raised position shown in phantom in FIG. 2, in which these blades are retracted inside the sheath 1 .

In this configuration, the installation is compact, and the risk of damaging the blades during the various handling operations are less. Note that the fact that the sheet forming the sheath 1 is perforated reduces the weight of the installation typically to a sixty kilograms, instead of a hundred kilograms in the prior art.

It will also be noted that the bar 26 facilitates the gripping of the installation and protects the members that protrude from the cylinder defined by the sheath 1 such as the geared motor unit 11 in particular when it is desired to move this installation by rolling it over. floor.

To place the installation on a tank 77 (see FIG. 2) provided with a substantially circular opening 79, the sheath 1 is penetrated inside this opening until the ring assembly 28 comes to bear. on the edge 81 of this opening.

The height of the indexing assemblies 32 is then adjusted by acting on their gripping heads 37 until the ends 49a, 49b of the blades 47a, 47b (these being always in the raised position shown in dashed lines) are about ten centimeters above the level of the mixture 83 of grape juice and marc located inside the tank 77.

If necessary, the plates 30a, 30b are fixed on the edge 81 of the opening 79 and it is ensured that the counter-hooks 39 are engaged in the hooks 31.

It is then possible to connect the electrical control box 13 to the mains, and to start the installation for example by means of a switch (not shown) placed in this box.

The operations described below are controlled by an electric circuit and / or electronics located inside the box 13 (not shown).

This circuit may for example comprise programmable means (known per se) for adapting the operation of the installation to the specific needs of each winemaking tank.

Initially, the piece 45 and the blades 47a, 47b are in the high position shown in phantom.

In this position, the piece 45 is close to the plate 3 and the blades 47a, 47b are held folded inside the sheath 1 without touching the latter thanks to the spouts 56a, 56b which abut under the toric portion 9.

The threaded rod 41 then starts to rotate in the direction of clockwise (seen from above the installation) under the action of the geared motor assembly 11, which has the effect of driving towards the bottom part 45 and the blades 47a, 47b. In doing so, in the case of the installation shown in Figure 2, one of the fingers 60, in this case the finger 60a, descends with the part 45 between a ramp 61 and the bent rod 62 associated, for example between the ramp 61a and the bent rod 62a.

When this finger arrives substantially in the area where the ramp 61a and the bent rod 62a meet, this finger spreads the rod 62a by rotating around the pin 63a, then continues to descend between the plates 59a and 59b.

The plate 59a exerts on the finger a reaction making it possible to prevent the rotation of the piece 45 about the axis A, which makes it possible to ensure the descent movement of the piece 45.

As the piece 45 descends into the sheath 1, the blades 47a, 47b gradually emerge from this sheath and the beaks 56a, 56b gradually move away from the toric portion 9, which has the effect of to allow the progressive deployment of the blades 47a, 47b under the effect of the forces exerted by the springs 53a, 53b.

Thus, an intermediate position (not shown) in which the piece 45 is located in the bottom of the sheath 1 and in which the finger 60a is situated between the two plates 59a, 59b and the two blades 47a, 47b are completely deployed at above the mixing level 83 of juice and pomace.

While the threaded rod 41 continues to rotate in the same direction, the two blades 47a, 47b eventually reach the mixture 83 and exert a pushing force on the marc floating in the grape juice, in particular thanks to their extended ends 49a, 49b.

There comes a time when the finger 60a comes out of the sheath 1 and where it is the mixture 83 which prevents the rotation of the two blades 47a, 47b, thus exerting on the piece 45 the reaction necessary for its downward movement.

The abutment pads 55a, 55b make it possible to prevent the two blades 47a, 47b from bending under the action of the resistance opposed by the grounds.

When the ring assembly 28 is fixed on the edge 81 of the opening 79 of the tank 77 via the plates 30 and that the indexing assemblies 32 are fixed on this ring assembly by the cooperation of the hooks 31 and counter-hooks 39, the installation according to the invention allows to exert a major thrust on the grounds without the sheath 1 may exit the opening 79.

It will be noted in this respect that the presence of the strain gauges 15 or, alternatively of the contactors 25, makes it possible to detect when the forces imposed on the threaded rod 41 are too great, or when these forces are asymmetrical (for example when only one blades 47a, 47b exerts a large thrust force on the grounds). As soon as the signals sent by the strain gauges 15 or by the contactors 25 to the circuit located in the box 13 correspond to such a situation, this circuit controls the stop of the geared motor assembly 11, which makes it possible to prevent twisting or even breaking of the threaded rod 41.

When the two blades 47a, 47b reach the vicinity of the bottom of the tank 77, the geared motor unit 11 stops and then starts to rotate in the opposite direction, which has the effect of raising the piece 45 and the two blades 47a, 47b.

When these two blades encounter pomace suspended during their ascent, they can retract down against the return forces exerted by the two springs 53a, 53b, which keeps the pomace in its immersed position .

The piece 45 thus progressively regains the aforementioned intermediate position, and the finger 60a returns to be positioned between the two plates 59a, 59b: indeed, the piece 45 has hardly been pivoted about the axis A during its descent beyond and its rise to its intermediate position, given the reaction forces exerted by the marc on the two blades 47a, 47b.

When the blades 47a, 47b leave the mixture 83, the piece 45 is momentarily subjected to no reaction force, and it pivots about the axis A in the opposite direction of clockwise (seen from above the installation ) until the finger 60a comes to rest against the plate 59b.

As the piece 45 rises, the finger 60a runs along the plate 59b, then the ramp 61b, then it abuts against the rod 62a (which can turn only in the direction of clockwise, seen from the inside of the sheath 1, from the position shown in Figure 2), and this finger is thus led to end up finally between the rods 62a and 62b when the piece 45 is found in the upper position indicated in the line. mixed in Figure 2.

Thus, when the threaded rod is again rotating in the direction of clockwise (seen from above the installation) to bring down the piece 45 and the blades 47a, 47b, the finger 60a will end up between dishes 59b and 59c.

From one to another, the blades 47a, 47b will thus go from an angular sector corresponding to two flats 59 to another angular sector corresponding to the two following flats, the width of each of these angular sectors depending on the number of flats 59, ramps 61 and rods 62 arranged inside the sheath 1.

The blades 47a, 47b will thus be able to act on complementary angular sectors of the mixture 83 during their descent. In the variant shown in FIG. 5, the passage from one angular sector to another is carried out when a finger 60 (see FIG. 2) raises the second cylindrical element 67 of the pawl 64 to pass on one side of the flat 59 on the other side of this dish.

The bumper 65 prevents the finger 60 can cross several dishes 59 at a time.

In the variant shown in Figure 6, the guide blades 47a, 47b relative to the sheath 1 is ensured, for each angular sector, by one of the grooves 70 which cooperates with one of the ribs 48 of these blades.

To understand how the blades 47a, 47b pass from one angular sector to another in this variant, there is shown schematically in Figure 6 one of the ribs 48 and one of the beaks 56 respectively when the beak arrives at contact of one 75a of the teeth of the upper toothing 73 (the positions of this rib and this beak then carrying the marks 48-1 and 56-1), and when this beak has arrived practically at the bottom of the upper toothing 73 (The positions of the beak and the rib then bearing the marks 48-2 and 56-2).

When the spout 56 moves from its position 56-1 to its position 56-2 by sliding on the tooth 75a under the effect of the upward movement of the piece 45 (see Figure 2), the rib 48 leaves its position 48-1 to cross the ridge of tooth 69b and to reach position 48-2.

Thus, when the piece 45 starts to descend again under the effect of changing the direction of rotation of the threaded rod 41 (see FIG. 2), the rib 48 will be placed in the following groove 70b, which makes it possible to obtain the desired angular sector change.

In the second embodiment of the installation according to the invention the raising and lowering movements of the blades 47 are respectively obtained by shortening or lengthening the length of the telescopic rod 85.

In each of the embodiments set out above, the blades 47a, 47b gently immerse a portion of the marc of the mixture 83 at each descent, thereby gradually transferring some of the tannins and colors to the grape juice.

The fact of proceeding to this immersion by complementary angular sectors makes it possible to obtain a progressive reversal of the marc, and thus to put it in full contact with the juice.

Moreover, this immersion by complementary angular sectors makes it possible not to compact the marc, and thus to avoid a rise in temperature harmful to the fermentation. Moreover, the fact that the blades 47a, 47b can retract when the piece 45 rises avoids to rush the grounds and juice, and thus destroy some aromatic and phenolic compounds.

It is understood in the light of the foregoing that these advantages can be achieved without the need to remove the rod 41, 85 above the sheath 1, which reduces the vertical size of the installation and to overcome any protective casing, and thereby reduce the manufacturing cost and the weight of the installation.

Moreover, it can be seen that the reaction and pivoting means are at least partly offset within this sheath, which makes it possible to reduce the vertical bulk, the manufacturing cost and the weight of the installation.

The weight of these means of reaction and pivoting is particularly low when it is planned to place some of the members forming these means (flat 59, ramps 61, rods 62, pawls 64, stops 65, lower toothing 68) than on a half of the sheath 1.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown, provided by way of illustrative and non-limiting example.

For example, the installation according to the invention could comprise more than two blades: for example three blades arranged at 120 or four blades arranged at 90.

It is thus also that the plates 59, the ramps 61, the rods 62, the pawls 64, the stops 65, the lower toothing 68 could extend over the entire periphery of the sheath 1. However, this solution would have the disadvantage to increase the manufacturing cost and the weight of the installation according to the invention.

It is thus also possible to envisage an installation of the type of the prior art described in the preamble of the present description (that is to say an installation in which the threaded rod moves vertically), in which the means of reaction and / or pivoting would be deported in the volume defined by the support means.

Thus also the facility according to the invention could be used to stir other substances that a mixture of marc and grape juice.

Claims (33)

1. Installation for immersing grapes in its juice (83) in a vinification tank (77) comprising support means (1) intended to be installed on the opening of said tank (77), at least one blade (47a , 47b) movably mounted on said support means (1) via a rod (41; 85) between an upper zone for enabling said blade (47a, 47b) to be placed above said juice (83) and a lower zone for enabling said blade (47a, 47b) to be placed in said juice (83), and means (61a, 61b, 62a, 62b, 62c, 64; 56, 73) for pivoting said blade (47a). , 47b) at a predetermined angle about the axis (A) of said rod (41; 85) when said blade (47a, 47b) is in said high zone, characterized in that the upper end (87) said rod (41; 85) is fixedly fixed in translation on said support means (1). 2. Installation for immersing grapes in its juice (83) in a vinification tank (77) comprising support means (1) intended to be installed on the opening of said tank (77) and defining a certain volume, at at least one blade (47a, 47b) movably mounted on said support means (1) via a rod (41; 85) between an upper zone for enabling said blade (47a, 47b) to be placed above said juice (83) and a lower zone for enabling said blade (47a, 47b) to be placed in said juice (83), and means (61a, 61b, 62a, 62b, 62c; 64; 56, 73) for pivoting said blade (47a, 47b) by a predetermined angle around the axis (A) of said rod (41) when said blade (47a, 47b) is in said high zone, characterized in that said pivoting means (61a, 61b, 62a, 62b, 62c, 64, 56, 73) are placed at least partly inside said volume. 3. Installation according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said rod (41) is threaded, in that said blade (47a, 47b) is pivotally mounted about the axis (A) of said rod ( 41) by means of a nut piece (45), in that said rod (41) is pivotally mounted on said support means (1), and in that said installation comprises reaction means (59a, 59b, 59c, 60a, 60b, 68) for opposing the torque imparted by said rod (41) to said nut piece (45). 4. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said rod (41) is threaded, in that said blade (47a, 47b) is pivotally mounted about the axis (A) of said rod (41) by via a nut piece (45), in that said rod (41) is pivotally mounted on said support means (1), and in that said installation comprises reaction means (59a, 59b, 59c , 60a, <B> 60b; </ B> 68) for opposing the torque imparted by said shank (41) to said nut piece (45). 5. Installation according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said rod (85) is telescopic. 6. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said rod (85) is telescopic. 7. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that said rod is threaded, in that said blade is rotatably mounted on said rod about its axis, in that said rod is pivotally mounted in a nut part itself. same pivotally mounted on said support means, and in that said installation comprises reaction means for opposing the torque imparted by said nut piece to said rod. 8. Installation according to any one of claims 3, 4 or 7, characterized in that said reaction means (59a, 59b, 59c, 60a, 60b, 68) are placed at least partly within the defined volume. by said support means (1). 9. Installation according to any one of claims 3, 4 or 8, characterized in that it comprises a geared motor assembly (11) mechanically coupled to said threaded rod (41) to rotate selectively in one direction or in the other, and an electric control box (13) electrically connected to said motor gear unit (11) to control its operation. 10. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said rod (41; 85) is connected to said support means (1) via a plurality of arms (14a, 14b, 14c). 11. Installation according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that said set of geared motor (11) and said electrical box (13) are mounted on said arms (14a, 14b, 14c). 12. Installation according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that said arms (14a, 14b, 14c) are three in number and in that they are arranged substantially at 120. 13. Installation according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that said arms (14a, 14b, 14c) are connected to said support means (1) by means of force measuring means selected in the group comprising the strain gauges (15a, 15b, 15c) and the spring-type (23) and contactor-type (25) systems. 14. Installation according to claim 13 when dependent on claim 9, characterized in that said strain gauges (15a, 15b, 15c) or said spring type systems (23) and contactor (25) are electrically connected to said electric control box (13). 15. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said support means comprise a sheath (1) of substantially cylindrical shape within which said rod (41; 85) extends. 16. Installation according to claim 15, characterized in that said support means further comprises a plate (3) fixed in the upper part of said sheath (1), traversed by said rod (41; 85). 17. Installation according to claim 16 when dependent on claim 10, characterized in that said arms (14a, 14b, 14c) are mounted on said plate. 18. Installation according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that said plate (3) is reinforced by a substantially ring-shaped portion (9). 19. Installation according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a ring assembly (28) slidably mounted outside said sheath (1) and intended to rest on said tank ( 77), and a plurality of indexing assemblies (32a, 32b) for holding said ring assembly (28) on said sheath (1) at a suitable height. 20. Installation according to claim 19, characterized in that said ring assembly (28) comprises a plurality of plates (30a, 30b) intended to be fixed on said tank (77) and a plurality of hooks (31a, 31b). , and in that said indexing assemblies (32a, 32b) each comprise a counter-hook (39) intended to cooperate with one of said hooks (31a, 31b). 21. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said blade (47a, 47b) is pivotally mounted relative to said rod (41; 85) between an extended position in which said blade (47a, 47b) can push on said grape when it descends into said tank (77), and a retracted position in which said blade (47a, 47b) can go back into said tank (77) without causing said grape. 22 Apparatus according to claim 21 when dependent on one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said blade (47a, 47b) is pivotally mounted on said nut member (45). 23. Installation according to claim 22, characterized in that it comprises elastic means (53a, 53b) interposed between said nut piece (45) and said blade (47a, 47b) so as to recall said blade (47a, 47b). ) to said deployed position. 24. Installation according to any one of claims 21 to 23 when dependent on claim 15, characterized in that it is arranged so that said blade (47a, 47b) can be housed at least in part to the inside said sheath (1) when in said retracted position. 25. Installation according to claim 24 when dependent on claim 18, characterized in that said blade (47a, 47b) comprises a spout (56a, 56b) intended to cooperate with said substantially toroidal shaped portion (9) so as to to allow complete folding of said blade (47a, 47b) inside said sheath (1). 26. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said blade (47a, 47b) has an enlarged end (49a, 49b). 27. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two blades (47a, 47b) mounted substantially in opposition to the axis (A) of said rod (41; 85). 28. Installation according to claim 8 or according to any one of claims 9 to 27 when dependent on claim 8, characterized in that said reaction means comprise two fingers (60a, 60b) mounted in opposition to said piece forming nut (45) and a plurality of plates (59a, 59b, 59c) axially mounted on an inner half of said support means (1) and for cooperating with said fingers (60a, 60b). 29. Installation according to claim 8 or according to any one of claims 9 to 27 when dependent on claim 8, characterized in that said reaction means comprise at least one rib (48a, 48b) formed on said blade ( 47a, 47b) and a lower toothing (68) fixed on a lower portion (43) of said support means (1) and intended to cooperate with said rib (48a, 48b). 30. Installation according to claim 28 when dependent on claim 2, characterized in that said pivoting means comprise a plurality of inclined ramps (61a, 61b) fixed inside the volume defined by said support means (1). ) to the right of said plates (59a, 59b, 59c) and a plurality of bent rods (62a, 62b, 62c) associated with said inclined ramps (61a, 61b), each of these bent rods (62a, 62b, 62c) being pivotally mounted within said volume between a position where it is in abutment against its associated ramp (61a, 61b) and a position where it is separated from this ramp (61a, 61b) under the action of one of said fingers (60a, 60b). 31. Installation according to claim 28 when dependent on claim 2, characterized in that said pivoting means comprise a plurality of pawls (64) fixed inside the volume defined by said support means (1) in line with said plates (59) and a plurality of stops (65) associated with said pawls (64), each of said pawls (64) being movably mounted between a position where it is substantially in abutment against associated flat sounds (59) and a position where it is removed from this plate under the action of one of said fingers (60a, 60b). 32. Installation according to claim 29 when dependent on claim 25, or claim 25 when dependent on one of claims 5 or 6 and claim 2, characterized in that said pivoting means comprise a upper toothing (73) fixed in an upper part (9) of said support means (1) and intended to cooperate with said spout (56a, 56b), the teeth (75a, 75b) of said upper toothing (73) being capable of acting on said blade (47a, 47b) through said nose (56a, 56b) so as to pass said blade (47a, 47b) from one tooth (70a, 70b) to the other of said lower toothing (68). 33. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said support means (1) are formed at least partially by perforated sheet.