FR2779458A1 - MODULAR MONOCOQUE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular monocoque building structure, consisting of at least two monocoque concrete elements, which can be assembled in different ways. The monocoque elements (1) are arranged one above the other, each monocoque element comprising at its base means (2) for absorbing and dispersing vibrations. These means consist of a sleeve (3) disposed between two monocoque caissons superimposed inside housings formed in correspondence, respectively on the underside of the upper level monocoque caisson and on the upper face of the lower level monocoque caisson . Application realization of habitable structures on one or more levels from prefabricated monocoque elements.

Description

MODULAR MONOCOQUE BUILDING STRUCTURE

  The invention relates to a modular monocoque building structure.

  It relates more particularly to a building structure consisting of at least two monocoque concrete elements, which can be assembled in different ways to form a habitable structure on one or

several levels.

  The use of monocoque elements for the realization of surfaces

  habitable or useful is well known.

  Structures such as garden sheds or garages for motor vehicles are thus known, formed from two or more prefabricated shells, which are placed finished on site to form the building. These structures are satisfactory, insofar as they exhibit

  good qualities of solidity and reliability.

  However, they are not flexible, insofar as each time

  hull type corresponds to a specific final structure.

  In other words, it is not possible to combine several elements of the same type in different ways to form as many distinct structures. We know structures that do not have this drawback, but they remain of very limited interest because they are at best modular only

  in the horizontal plane, and from very simplified basic elements.

  For example, the document FR 84 0300 describes a modular structure, formed from simple monocoque elements, each comprising at

  minus a pass-through opening in one of the vertical walls.

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  The assembly is carried out by placing two elements side by side, so that two openings correspond, and by performing a jointing

  in the passage area between the two openings.

  The modularity is not total, since it will always be necessary to take account of the predefined openings in the elements, which therefore cannot

  be completely free and arbitrary.

  In addition, this modality is not applicable to structures comprising

several levels.

  The use of superimposed monocoque elements, and no longer only

  arranged side by side, has very specific constraints.

  It is no longer sufficient for the effect of sealing between the various shells, for example by an appropriate joint, to ensure stability and holding

in time of the structure.

  It is also necessary to prevent the risks of deformation or crushing, resulting from the stresses exerted by the elements of higher level on the elements of lower level, and also to absorb and disperse the vibrations likely to affect the structure, whatever their direction and intensity, especially and especially in the junction areas

between two superimposed elements.

  The present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks by

  realizing a modular monohull building.

  More particularly, the object of the invention is to propose a building composed of monocoque elements, which can be assembled at the user's choice, in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane, without for

  as much to obstruct the qualities of resistance and finish of the whole.

  For this purpose, the building according to the invention is characterized in that it consists of at least two monocoque concrete elements, which can be

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  arranged one beside the other or one on top of the other at the user's choice, each monocoque element comprising means for

absorption of vibrations.

  These means comprise a sleeve composed of a circular stud made of elastomer and interposed between two shells, in reservations made in concrete, the assembly making it possible to accumulate and disperse

  all vertical and horizontal oscillations.

  The invention will be better understood through the description given below.

  after two non-limiting embodiments, and with reference to the appended figures in which: - Figure 1 shows a structure according to the invention, with several superimposed monocoque elements, - Figure 2 is a view in vertical section of a sleeve interposed between two monocoque elements, - Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view along the line II - II of Figure 2, - Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the sleeve, - Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view along line IV - IV of Figure 4, - Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view along line V - V of Figure 4 and - Figure 7 shows a possibility of assembly of several monocoque elements to form a building structure according to the present invention.

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  With reference to the accompanying drawings, and more particularly to Figures 1 and 2, the building structure according to the present invention is composed of at least

  at least two superimposed monocoque elements (1).

  The number of elements used to form the structure is not limited, from

  same as the number of overlay level.

  Likewise, an element making up the structure can either be placed exactly on the lower level element or straddling two

elements placed side by side.

  Figure 1 shows an example of a three-level structure, in which the basic monocoque element is placed on the foundations of the structure, the second-level monocoque element being placed exactly above the first and the monocoque element third

  level being arranged astride the previous one.

  Each monocoque element has at its base means (2) for absorbing vibrations. forming a buffer with the foundations in the case of the basic element, or with the monocoque element (s) of the level

  lower, with regard to the other elements.

  The absorption means (2) comprise a sleeve (3) made of

  elastomeric and cylindrical in shape.

  In what follows, it should be understood that the expression "means of absorption" covers both the absorption and dispersion functions of the

  vibrations and oscillations that can affect the structure.

  The sleeve (3) is arranged between two monocoque concrete boxes (1 ') and (1 ") of a building, inside housings (4) arranged in correspondence, respectively on the underside of the box

  monocoque (1 ") and on the upper face of the monocoque box (1 ').

  A sleeve (3 ') separate from the previous one is placed between the first level monohull box and the foundation, or between a concrete slab

armed and the foundation.

  Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a first possible embodiment of the vibration absorption means (2), for use in the structure of

building according to the invention.

  The sleeve (3) is composed of a stud (5) made of elastomer, the central part of which is conical in shape and has several recesses

  cylindrical (6) peripheral, with axes parallel to the axis (8) of the sleeve.

  Preferably, the recesses (6) will be eight in number, and will be

  arranged symmetrically around the axis (8).

  The stud (5) has in its center a through hole (9) for the passage of a bolt (10) allowing to fix the monohull caissons which

  correspond, with an operating clearance between the stud and the bolt.

  The bolt (10) can either be replaced by a threaded rod.

  The bolt (10) acts as a torsion bar in the event of oscillation or vibrations affecting the structure, and thus prevents the loosening of the

  sleeves between the superimposed monohull housings.

  Advantageously, there will be provided in the concrete an orifice (9 ') surrounding the central orifice (9) of the sleeve, of larger diameter, to prevent the concrete constituting the monohull caissons from breaking, in the event

of torsion of the bolt (10).

  Thanks to the cylindrical recesses (6), a return torque is created which

  tends to bring the studs (5) back into position, in the event of horizontal oscillations.

  It is obvious that other shapes can be provided for the studs or for the recesses, the main thing being that the studs have substantially the same height. For example, the recesses (6) can be of shape

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  cylindrical. It is also possible to provide individual prefabricated studs, which will be arranged so as to arrange the recess of

desired shape.

  The building structure thus constituted allows the accumulation and dispersion of horizontal oscillations, whatever their directions while controlling and limiting as much as possible their transmission to the caissons.

  higher or lower level monohulls.

  Figures 4 to 6 show another possible embodiment of the vibration absorption means, for use in the structure of

building according to the invention.

  According to this variant, the sleeve (3 ') is placed between a monocoque concrete element (1) and the foundation (30), in a housing (4') provided for this purpose on the underside of said monocoque element. Sleeves

  identical are arranged at the four corners of the building.

  An elastomer block (5 '), of variable density, is placed in a box

circular metal (12).

  The stud (5 ′) comprises a low crown (13) also made of elastomer,

  having recesses (14), which may be cylindrical or conical.

  The elastomer block (5 ') has a diameter smaller than that of the metal box (12), to allow the compression of the polymeric material after the installation of the concrete monohull (1). The box (12) is welded to a metal plate (15), itself arranged on a hard rubber plate (16). The assembly is fixed to the foundation (30) by means of four

anchor pins (17).

  Other fixing means could obviously be used depending on the supports, so as to secure the monohull concrete elements and the foundation. It is also possible to provide boxes

floating metal.

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  To allow free sliding of the stud (5 ') on its base, in order to accumulate and disperse the horizontal oscillations, a plate 18 is interposed in TEFLON (registered trademark) by bonding between the stud and the

metal box (12).

  The sleeves make it possible to accumulate and disperse both

  vertical and horizontal oscillations.

  Indeed, thanks to the recesses (14) on the crown (13) and the plate (18), the assembly can be compressed in order to accumulate and disperse the

  deformations due to horizontal oscillations.

  The upper part of the elastomer block (5 ′) is housed in a circular metal box (19), itself welded to another metal box

(20) of higher dimension.

  The assembly formed by the boxes (19) and (20) is fixed to the reinforced concrete slab of the upper level concrete monohull. The connection between the metal box (20) and the concrete will be made by means of concrete bars welded on top of said box, and connected to the frame of the monohulls,

  the whole being placed at the bottom of the formwork before pouring the concrete.

  The length of the concrete reinforcing bars depends on the dimensions of the monohulls

  concrete, and the span between the studs.

  The sliding between the stud (5 ') and the assembly formed by the metal boxes (19) and (20) is progressive. Indeed, the structure can withstand several shocks and vertical and horizontal oscillations without breaking the lower and upper welds of the metal boxes (15), (19) and

(20).

  The above description clearly shows that the purposes of this

  invention are achieved since a building structure is made up of at least two levels of superimposed monocoque elements, comprising means for accumulating and dispersing both

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  vertical oscillations and horizontal oscillations, whatever their

direction and intensity.

  The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art. In particular, the number of monocoque elements and their superposition methods, as well as the shape of the studs and

  recesses. may vary without departing from the scope of the invention.

  Finally, it will be noted that although designed above all to allow the realization of buildings comprising several levels, the means described

  can be perfectly installed on single-level structures.

  Likewise, the means for absorbing and dispersing vibrations as described above could be applied without difficulty to traditional constructions;

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Claims (14)

  1. Modular monocoque building structure consisting of at least two monocoque concrete elements, characterized in that the monocoque elements (1) are arranged one above the other, each monocoque element comprising at its base means (2) for absorption and dispersion of vibrations.   2. Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration absorption and dispersion means (2) consist of a sleeve (3) disposed between two superimposed monohull caissons (1 ') and (1 " ), inside housings (4) arranged in correspondence, respectively on the underside of the upper level monocoque box (1 ") and on the upper face of the monocoque box (1 ') of lower level.   3. Building structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the sleeve (3) is composed of a stud (5) made of elastomer, the central part of which is conical in shape and has several recesses   cylindrical (6) peripheral, with axes parallel to the axis (8) of the sleeve.   4. Building structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the recesses (6) are eight in number, and are arranged   symmetrically around the axis (8).   5. Building structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the stud (5) has in its center a through hole (9) for the passage of a bolt (10) or a threaded rod for fixing the boxes monohulls which correspond to it, with an operating clearance between the stud and bolt or rod.   6. Building structure according to claim 5, characterized in that an orifice (9 ') of diameter greater than that of the central orifice (9) of the sleeve is formed around said orifice (9) to oppose the rupture of 2779458   concrete in case of twisting of the bolt (10).   7. Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration absorption and dispersion means (2) comprise an elastomer block (5 ′), of variable density, placed in a box circular metal (12).   8. Building structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the stud (5 ') comprises a low crown (13) made of elastomer, having recesses (14).   9. Building structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the elastomeric stud (5 ′) has a diameter less than that of the metal box (12), 10. Building structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the box (12) is welded to a metal plate (15), itself disposed on a hard rubber plate (16), the assembly being fixed on   the foundation (30) by means of anchoring means (17).   11. Building structure according to claim 7, characterized in that   that the metal box (12) is floating.   12. Building structure according to claim 7, characterized in that a TEFLON plate 18 is interposed and glued between the stud (5 ') and the metal box (12).   13. Building structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper part of the stud (5 ') is housed in a circular metal box (19), itself welded to another metal box (20) of higher dimension.   14. Building structure according to claim 13, characterized in that the assembly formed by the caissons (19) and (20) is integral with the reinforced concrete slab of the upper level monocoque by means of   concrete irons welded to the top of the box (20).