EP1544366A1 - Building of prefabricated room elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The building with several floors is formed from prefabricated room modules, with an elastic bearing element (7) placed between the end elements (5) of the room module and the oppositely disposed floor slab (2) of an adjacent room module. The elastic bearing element is deformable in the horizontal direction and allows a deflection of at least 1 centimeter of the end element in relation to the floor slab lying opposite it. Means are provided to limit the deflection of the bearing element to a predetermined value.

Description

The invention relates to a building of prefabricated room cells in the preamble of claim 1 mentioned type.

Buildings made of prefabricated room cells have been known for decades, reference is made in particular to the patents of Elcon AG. Such a space cell consists of a base plate and upright standing load-bearing end elements. It is known from the CH 415011, the successive Keep space cells in the right position by means of suitable pins. It is known from CH 503854 for the compensation of small height differences and for a uniform load distribution too on the one hand bearing plates and on the other hand spacers, which are slightly compressible, between the end elements and the bottom plate of the overlying room cell to order. The Intermediate pieces are statically designed so that they are the vertical loads between each other compensate, but because they are not deformable in the horizontal direction, any horizontal forces transferred undiminished from floor to floor.

The seismic safety of medium-sized buildings such. B. residential buildings with typically four to ten Floors has received little or no attention so far. As the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright built the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo in the 1930s, he stored the whole thing Buildings on sliding shoes, which in turn rested on a strong foundation. The building pointed partly two and partly three floors up and was designed as a rigid building. The building survived 1937 a stronger earthquake.

Skyscrapers are traditionally designed as rigid buildings. This concept was after In a major earthquake in San Francisco in the early 1970s in the specialist literature though in Questioned, but continued to maintain, as the opinion prevailed that flexible points with Although reduced rigidity in the building's skeleton would be strong enough to carry the building that they but an earthquake would not survive undamaged.

In WO 9624735 several methods are described for prefabricated room units that have a U-shaped Have cross-section to connect with each other. The connection will be special Fasteners made of metallic components and a neoprene rubber block consist. The room units are rigidly bolted together so that any horizontal forces be transferred directly from room unit to room unit. However, the horizontal force exceeds one predetermined value, then the screws shear off and the power transmission is from the neoprene rubber block accepted. This solution has several disadvantages. In an earthquake, the Horizontal forces are transferred unchanged from room unit to room unit, as long as the screws are intact stay. Only when the screws are no longer able to withstand the forces, the forces should be caught by the neoprene rubber block. However, this means that the neoprene rubber blocks be suddenly and shockingly charged. This leads to an uncontrolled Deformation and causes overvoltages and resonances. After an earthquake that is so strong that the screws are destroyed, the fasteners must be repaired. The Screw mutilation and the friction between the room units prevent a return of the Room units in their starting position. Therefore, the building must be taken apart and new be set up. The fasteners also require a lot of space and are in reasonable There is not enough space for trained space cells. In order to give enough support, they would have to be in the Protruding interior space cells, which is unacceptable.

The invention has for its object to construct a building of prefabricated space cells, the earthquake, which does not exceed a predetermined strength, survives without damage.

The invention consists in the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a building with several floors, which consists of prefabricated room cells is formed. Each room cell has a bottom plate and at least two perpendicular to the bottom plate extending end elements. According to the invention is between the end elements of a room cell and placing an elastic bearing element over the adjacent floor panel of an adjacent room cell, which is elastically deformable in the horizontal direction and a deflection of the end element opposite the overlying floor slab of at least 1 centimeter allowed. The term "in horizontal Direction deformable "means that the bottom and the top of the elastic bearing element are deflected relative to each other. The floors are comparatively rigid structural elements, the are separated by a plurality of elastic bearing elements. The bearing elements take one certain proportion of the mechanical stress occurring in an earthquake. Ideally distributed the load on the different floors, so that each floor only a fraction of the must absorb all mechanical stress.

The elastic bearing element is preferably a body of elastically deformable material, the is reinforced by extending in the horizontal plane extending metal plates, so that the elastic Bearing element is under the weight of the overlying floors only slightly deformed and not or only slightly bulges.

In addition, limiting means are preferably present in each room cell, which limit the deflection of the Limit bearing element in the horizontal direction to a predetermined value, so that the load The earthquake actually spreads to the various floors. The limiting means For example, have a mandrel anchored to the end member and one with the reinforcement of the bottom plate connected metal plate on. The metal plate and the elastic bearing element also contain an implementation. When the building is assembled, the spike protrudes through the passage of the elastic bearing element and the implementation of the metal plate. When the elastic bearing element deformed in a seismic shock, then moves the tip of the cathedral relative to Passing in the metal plate, and comes when the deformation exceeds a predetermined degree, at the edge of the passage to the stop. Another deformation of the elastic bearing element is not possible anymore.

The mandrel is preferably conical and the implementation in the elastic bearing element cylindrical. If the elastic bearing element is deformed, then comes, starting with the bottom, one metal plate after the other at the mandrel to the stop. This causes relatively strong Earthquake a uniformly distributed over its height load of the elastic bearing element.

Preferably, in a building only a single type of storage elements is used, which for a certain maximum deformation is designed. But it is also possible to use different types of To use bearing elements for different sized loads and / or deformations are designed to take into account the fact that the load on the bearing elements by the Weight of the upper floors and the roof from floor to floor decreases.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and the drawing.

Fig. 1

eine vorfabrizierte Raumzelle,

Fig. 2

ein aus vorfabrizierten Raumzellen zusammengesetztes Gebäude,

Fig. 3

ein elastisches Lagerelement im deformierten Zustand,

Fig. 4, 5

eine Verbindung zwischen einem Endelement einer Raumzelle und einer Bodenplatte einer darüberliegenden Raumzelle, und

Fig. 6

ein weiteres aus vorfabrizierten Raumzellen zusammengesetztes Gebäude.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a prefabricated room cell,

Fig. 2

a building made up of prefabricated room cells,

Fig. 3

an elastic bearing element in the deformed state,

Fig. 4, 5

a connection between an end element of a space cell and a bottom plate of an overlying space cell, and

Fig. 6

another building made up of prefabricated room cells.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a prefabricated room cell 1, as in the state of Technique is known. The room cell 1 is manufactured in a factory and transported to the place to the building is being built. The room cell 1 has a bottom plate 2 and at least two, on opposite narrow sides 3, 4 of the bottom plate 2 arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate. 2 extending, load-bearing end elements 5. In the room cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists each end element 5 of two carriers 6. The total of four carriers 6 are located at the four corners of Bottom plate 2. The end elements 5 and the bottom plate 2 are rigid, i. bend-resistant, with each other connected. Such a space cell 1 can additional, drawn with dashed lines, to the Longitudinal sides arranged carrier 6 'included. Such space cells are in the art as E-shaped Space cells known.

Fig. 1 further shows schematically elastic bearing elements 7, as described below Assembling of several room cells 1 to a building between each end element 5 or

Carrier 6 and the bottom plate 2 of the overlying room cell 1 is placed. The elastic Bearing elements 7 have the task of an earthquake lateral displacement of one above the other to allow lying room cells, i. a shift in the horizontal direction of the one Room cell with respect to the room cell above. In an E-shaped room cell are also between the arranged on the longitudinal sides of the carrier and the bottom plate of the overlying Room cell elastic bearing elements 7 installed.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of the structure of a prefabricated room cells 1 composed Building 8 during a earthquake shock. In the illustrated section are eight room cells 1, which form four floors 9 - 12, with the ground floor being the first floor. The Floor panels 2 of the space cells 1 placed next to each other are known by a rigid, known Connection 13 connected together. The connection 13 consists for example of a metal plate, which is welded to the reinforcing iron of the adjacent floor panels 2. Adjacent end elements 5 are usually not or only separated by a small distance, are in the drawing they are shown at a distance for the sake of clarity.

The room cells 1 of the ground floor or first floor 9 are connected via an elastic bearing element. 7 stored on a mounted on or in the ground 14 foundation 15. The foundation 15 forms the base of the building 8 and supports the building 8. Each room cell 1 is about elastic bearing elements 7 stored on the underlying room cell 1. Also, a roof or attic 16 is about elastic Bearing elements 7 mounted on the underlying room cells 1. Each floor 9, 10, 11, 12 and Also, the attic 16 are rigid structural elements, by means of the elastic bearing elements. 7 with respect to all three spatial directions, i. in both horizontal directions and also in vertical Direction, are resiliently mounted. Although Fig. 2 shows the building 8 only in two dimensions, from where only one is horizontal, the elastic bearing elements 7 are elastic with respect to both horizontal spatial directions, or they are elastic with respect to any direction in the two-dimensional horizontal plane. The foundation 15 transmits not only the weight of Building 8 on the earth 14, but also transmits in the opposite direction shocks of an earthquake from the earth 14 to the building 8. An earthquake typically causes the ground 14 to be primary in the horizontal direction and only secondarily in the vertical direction is moved. Leaving the vertical Component of the earthquake for the time being ignored, then the seismic movement or Acceleration, which is symbolized in Fig. 2 by a double arrow 17 in the ground 14, in one certain unpredictable horizontal direction having motion components which along the two horizontal main axes of the building 8 are directed. Each of the floors 9 and the attic 16 has a considerable inertial mass. The seismic movement of the soil 14 tends to take the building 8, i. it accelerates the building 8 in the horizontal direction. The inert masses tend to stay in place, i. they resist acceleration. Of the Resistance of the inertial masses against the imposed acceleration results in the hitherto used Construction, i. if no special measures are provided, to mechanical loads within floors 9-12 of building 8, which quickly reach a destructive level can. The invention provides a remedy by the elastic bearing elements 7 occurring To absorb burdens and thus save the building 8 from destruction.

The building 8 according to FIG. 2 symbolizes a building with comparatively rigid floors 9-12. Vertical, dash-dotted lines 18 mark the rest position of the building 8 in the normal state. Out For reasons of simplicity and clarity, let it be assumed that the floors 9-12 are completely rigid, i.e. are inelastic. In such a case, the building 8 behaves ideally when in an earthquake with a predetermined strength (for example, a predetermined strength on the Richter scale), which is referred to as the worst case, the foundation 15 the displacement of the soil 14 join in, while the attic 16 remains in place and no significant shift experiences. So if the ground 14 in Fig. 2 as a result of a maximum accepted accepted Magnitude of the earthquake corresponding earthquake suddenly abruptly, for example, 10 cm to the right shifts, which corresponds to the maximum allowable shift, then every elastic must Bearing element 7 deform elastically by 2 cm. This means that the bottom of an elastic Lagerelementes 7 moves together with the lower floor, while the top of the elastic bearing element 7 a correspondingly reduced displacement proportion on the upper Floor transfers. In the example, therefore, the foundation 15 with the ground 14 by 10 cm, the first Floor 9 by 8 cm, the second floor 10 by 6 cm, the third floor 11 by 4 cm and the fourth floor 12 deflected 2 cm from the rest position, while the loft 16 in place remains. Each elastic bearing element 7 thus absorbs about 20% of the total seismic load, the acting on a vertical support axle of the building 8, and transfers the rest to the overlying Floor. Thus, none of the floors 9-12 of the building 8 is 100% of the seismic load but the load is evenly distributed on all floors 9 - 12. The lowest Bearing element 7 is exposed to 100% of the load, but transmits it only gradually, as each above floor also absorbs part of the load.

When the ground 14 reaches the assumed displacement of 10 cm, it comes either in the new position to rest or make a swing back to the starting position. There thereby one greatly reduced power is exerted on the loft 16, the attic 16 is only a little move. Whether the ground before the starting position or back to the starting position for Rest comes or even swings over to the other side of the starting position, the attic 16 remains almost stationary. Even in the case of a complete back and forth movement of the soil 14 is the first floor 9 exposed only 80% of it, the second floor 10 only 60% of it, etc. This Effect can be considered as running from bottom to top through building 8 Oscillation or gradual shift of the individual floors. When the earthquake is over, then the deformation of the elastic bearing elements 7 is automatically formed back. Ideally, that is Reclamation complete and the building 8 regains its normal state, which it before the Had earthquake. If the elastic bearing elements 7 are damaged in the earthquake, then they would be replaced at a much lower cost than a new building would cost.

In a composite of room cells 1 building 8 is the prerequisite of complete rigidity not quite realistic, since the bottom plates 2 as well as the end elements 5 can bend. Nevertheless, the invention brings a marked improvement in seismic safety. The Self-elasticity of the elements of the space cells 1 amplifies or compensates for the deformation of the elastic bearing elements 7. The elastic bearing elements 7 are designed to have a absorb a comparatively large proportion of the seismic energy or stress, which is the elements the room cells 1 protects against overload. Part of the absorbed energy is due to friction converted into heat, while the rest is stored elastically in the manner of a spring.

Fig. 3 shows a side view and in cross section of a first embodiment of an elastic Bearing element 7 in a simple design in the deformed state. The bearing element 7 is made of a body 19 of elastically deformable material, preferably of neoprene, with parallel to the horizontal plane extending metal plates 20 is reinforced. Strengthen the metal plates 20 the dimensional stability of the body 19, so that the body 19 after assembly of the building under the weight of the overlying floors not or only slightly deformed. The bottom and the top of the bearing element 7 will be preferred during assembly of the building 8 (Figure 2) glued to the end member 5 and the bottom plate 2.

Fig. 4 shows a side view and in cross section of a second embodiment of the elastic Bearing member 7 in the state of maximum deformation, the between an end member 5 of a first Room cell 1 and the bottom plate 2 of an overlying second room cell 1 is inserted. The Room cells 1 are provided with limiting means, the deformation or deflection of the Limit bearing element 7 in the horizontal direction to a predetermined value, and the Bearing element 7 is designed to cooperate with the limiting means. The bearing element 7 has a in the vertical direction 21, and thus perpendicular to the metal plates 20 extending Run 22 on. The room cells 1 have a metal plate 23 with a passage or Recess or cavity 24, with existing in the bottom plate 2 reinforcing iron is welded. In the end element 5, a mandrel 25 is anchored. When assembling the room cells 1 is the elastic bearing element 7 placed on the mandrel 25, which thus projects into its passage 22, and then the upper room cell 1 placed on the lower room cell 1. The mandrel 25 protrudes through the Passage 22 of the bearing element 7 and into the cavity 24 of the metal plate 23 of the Base plate 2 of the upper room cell 1 into it. The passage 22 in the bearing element 7 is preferred cylindrical and the mandrel 25 is preferably conical. If the bearing element 7 in consequence of various, acting on the bottom 26 and the top 27 forces in the horizontal direction deformed or deflected, then comes first the lowest, then the second lowest, etc. metal plate 20 on the mandrel 25 to stop. The mandrel 25 itself comes in the extreme case, i. at the maximum permissible deformation of the bearing element 7, at the edge of the cavity 24 to the stop. According to the As described above, the mandrel 25 comes to the edge of the cavity 24 to stop when the bottom 26 has shifted from the top 27 of the bearing element 7 by 2 cm. The Bottom 26 can thus opposite the top 27 of the bearing element 7 at most by one move the predetermined distance D. As shown in Fig. 5, it is alternatively possible, the mandrel 25th cylindrical and the implementation in the body 19 conical form. Also in this case comes first the bottom, then the second bottom, etc. metal plate 20 on the mandrel 25 to stop. Both solutions ensure that in the allowed extreme case, the deformation of the body 19 evenly distributed over his height takes place.

Since earthquake surges tend to be quite abrupt and violent, that of the elastic has Storage element 7 absorbed energy little time than to drain heat and the temperature of the Bearing element 7 and in particular of the body 19 could therefore rise quickly. One too big Temperature increase could affect the elastic properties of the material, in particular The material could soften or even melt locally. The body 19 is therefore preferred with a chemical powder or crystals that undergo heat under mechanical stress absorb chemical reaction or partial melting and thus remove heat from the body 19 and reduce the temperature increase.

In the building 8 shown in FIG. 2, the room cells 1 of each floor 9 and 10, respectively or 11 or 12 connected by a rigid, known per se connection 13 with each other. alternative the connection 13 could be replaced by an elastically deformable connecting element 28, the sandwiched between the bottom plates 2 of two space cells and, optionally, is adhesively attached. This solution, shown in FIG. 6, makes it possible to produce seismic loads which occur in waves which manifest themselves in a different horizontal shift of Room cells 1 of a floor, in particular the lowest floor 9.

The above-described Erfmdung allows the construction of buildings from prefabricated space cells whose load-carrying structural elements earthquakes that do not exceed a predetermined strength, without damage survive. Thus also cross-floor facilities such as stairs, lifts, sanitary Installations of all kinds such. As water pipes, heating pipes, etc. the earthquake harmless survive, these facilities are accordingly flexible to train. An upper stair end is to Sliding example with respect to the bottom plate of the upper room cell, so that the Stair end opposite the bottom plate in all horizontal directions to the desired extent can move.

Claims (5)

Multi-level building (8-12), the building (8) being made up of prefabricated room cells (1), each space cell (1) comprising a floor panel (2) and at least two end members perpendicular to the floor panel (2) (5) and wherein between the end elements (5) of a space cell (1) and the overlying bottom plate (2) of an adjacent space cell (1) an elastic bearing element (7) is placed, characterized in that the elastic bearing element (7) in horizontal direction is deformable and allows a deflection of the end member (5) relative to the overlying bottom plate (2) in the horizontal direction of at least 1 centimeter. Building (8) according to claim 1, characterized in that limiting means are provided which limit the deflection of the bearing element (7) in the horizontal direction to a predetermined value. Building (8) according to claim 2, characterized in that the limiting means comprise a mandrel (25) fixed to the end element (5) and a metal plate (23) connected to the reinforcement of the bottom plate (2), that the metal plate (23) and the elastic bearing element (7) having a passage (22, 24) and that the mandrel (25) through the passage (22) of the elastic bearing element (7) and the passage (24) of the metal plate (23) protrudes. Building (8) according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic bearing element (7) in a horizontal plane extending metal plates (20) and that either the passage (22) in the elastic bearing element (7) conical and the mandrel (25) cylindrical or the bushing (22) in the elastic bearing element (7) is cylindrical and the mandrel (25) is conical. Building (8) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between two adjacent space cells (1) belonging to the same floor, at least one elastically deformable connecting element (28) is installed.

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