FR2813623A1 - IMPROVEMENT IN MODULAR MONOCOQUE BUILDING STRUCTURES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an improvement to modular monocoque building structures, and more particularly to the methods of assembling and maintaining a building structure consisting of at least two superimposed levels of monocoque concrete elements arranged side by side. , each monocoque element comprising at its base means for absorbing and dispersing vibrations consisting of a sleeve (5) comprising an elastomer stud (3) disposed between two superimposed monocoque caissons (A) and (B), the interior of housings (4) formed in correspondence, respectively on the lower face of the upper level monocoque box and on the upper face of the lower level monocoque box. The structure is secured by means of junction brackets (2) positioned on the floors between the monohulls and connecting brackets (14) of the base monohulls (A) to the foundation (1). Application realization of habitable structures on one or more levels from prefabricated monocoque elements.

Description

I 2813623

  IMPROVEMENT IN BUILDING STRUCTURES

MODULAR MONOCOQUE

  The invention relates to an improvement to building structures.

modular monohull.

  It relates more particularly to the methods of assembling and maintaining a building structure consisting of at least two monocoque concrete elements, which can be combined in different ways to

  form a habitable structure on one or more levels.

  The use of monocoque elements for the production of habitable or useful surfaces is well known. In an elaborate form, these structures are modular, that is to say, it is. possible to combine several elements of the same type in different ways to form

as many distinct structures.

  For example, the document FR 84 0300 describes a modular structure, formed from simple monocoque elements, each comprising at

  minus a pass-through opening in one of the vertical walls.

  The assembly is carried out by placing two elements side by side, so that two openings correspond, and by performing a jointing

  in the passage area between the two openings.

  The modularity is not total, since it will always be necessary to take account of the predefined openings in the elements, which therefore cannot

  be completely free and arbitrary.

  This modality remains of very limited interest because the structure will at best be modular only in the horizontal plane, and from elements of

very simplified basis.

  In addition, it is not applicable to multi-level structures.

2 2813623

  The use of superimposed monocoque elements, and no longer only

  arranged side by side, has very specific constraints.

  It is no longer sufficient to ensure the seal between the different shells, for example by an appropriate joint, to ensure stability and holding

in time of the structure.

  It is also necessary to prevent the risks of deformation or crushing, resulting from the stresses exerted by the elements of higher level on the elements of lower level, and also to absorb and disperse the vibrations likely to affect the structure, whatever their direction and intensity, especially and especially in the junction areas

between two superimposed elements.

  Document FR 98 07135 in the name of the applicants thus describes a building made up of monocoque elements, which can be assembled at the user's choice, in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane, without

  however, it affects the qualities of resistance and finish of the whole.

  This building consists of at least two monocoque concrete elements, which can be placed one next to the other or one on top of the other at the user's choice, each monocoque element comprising

  its base means for absorbing vibrations.

  These absorption means consist of a sleeve disposed between two superimposed monocoque caissons, inside housings formed in correspondence, respectively on the underside of the upper level monocoque caisson and on the upper face of the caisson.

lower level monohull.

  The sleeve is made up of an elastomer block, the central part of which has several peripheral cylindrical recesses with axes parallel to the axis of the sleeve, an orifice for the passage of a bolt making it possible to fix the monohull casings which correspond to it, with an operating clearance between the stud and the bolt or the rod, and an orifice of greater diameter formed around said orifice to oppose rupture

3 2813623

  concrete if the bolt is twisted.

  The assembly thus produced makes it possible to accumulate and disperse all the vertical and horizontal oscillations, by means of a single stud arranged in the corner of each monohull. This building structure brings very satisfactory results and constitutes a significant progress compared to the previous achievements,

  especially when superimposed non-perforated monohulls.

  However, its application to multi-storey structures raises the problem of absorbing vibrational phenomena which can affect

  one of the monohulls within the ensemble.

  Furthermore, if monohulls with openings are used, which can be justified for economic reasons in particular, the single wedge stud will no longer be sufficient to absorb all of the vibrations and deformations in the event of a major impact. (7 or 8 on the Richter scale), which therefore induces a risk of cracking of the slab

  in the central part of the boxes.

  For example, in the case of a building composed of three or four levels, each comprising four monohulls arranged side by side, it will be necessary to contain the isolated lateral movements of each of the superimposed boxes, so that the pendular movement is distributed and affects the whole structure and not just a part or level. The invention proposes to solve this problem by proposing an improvement to the modular monohull building structures produced according to the teachings of patent FR 98 07135, according to which the structure is secured by means of connecting brackets positioned on the floors between the monohulls, and connecting squares to the

  foundation associated with the studs of the basic monohulls.

  The invention will be better understood through the description below of a

4 2813623

  non-limiting embodiment, and with reference to the appended figures, in which: - Figure 1 is an exploded view in elevation showing four monohulls assembled with the junction brackets positioned, Figure 2 is a side sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 1, - Figure 3 is a top view of the foundation intended to receive a monohull, - Figure 4 is a bottom view of the underside of the slab of the basic monocoque, - Figure 5 is a view in plan of an openwork monohull, - Figure 6 is a top view of the monohull shown in Figure 5, with implantation of the polymer connection sleeves, - Figure 7 is an exploded view in enlargement of the corner of the structure shown in Figure 1, detailing the top of the foundation and the underside of the base monohull slab, - Figure 8 is a complete exploded view representing the connection brackets and the connection brackets between m onococci on the floors, - Figure 9 illustrates a first embodiment of the junction square, - Figure 10 shows the polymer sleeves intended to cooperate with the junction brackets, - Figure 11 is a top view of the junction angle shown in Figure 9, - Figure 12 shows a first embodiment of the key designed to cooperate with the junction square, - Figure 13 illustrates the assembly of welded metal plates making up the junction key, FIG. 14 is a side section view of the key in the fixing position, FIG. 15 shows a second embodiment of the joining key, and FIG. 16 is a side section view of this second form of key.

in fixing position.

  With reference to the accompanying drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, the building structure to which the improvement according to the present invention applies is made up of at least two superimposed levels (A, B). Of monohull elements (A ', A2, A3, A4) and (B1, B2, B3, B4) arranged side by side, the basic monohulls (A) being arranged on a

foundation (1).

  The mode of implementation described comprises two levels of four monohulls each. However, the number of elements used to form the structure is not limited, as is the number of levels of

overlay.

  As described in the document FR 9807135, each monocoque comprises at its base means for absorbing vibrations, forming a buffer with the foundations being the base element, or with the monocoque element or elements of the lower level, s acting on the other elements. The absorption means comprise a sleeve (5) of cylindrical shape hollowed out in its center (5 ') to allow the passage of a bolt

  (5 ") tightening between two superimposed monohulls.

  The sleeve (5), which is composed of a pad made of elastomer, is

6 2813623

  arranged between two superimposed monohulls (A, B) in concrete, inside housings (4) arranged in correspondence, respectively on the face

  lower side of the monocoque (B) and on the upper side of the monocoque (A).

  A junction square (2) is arranged between each attached monohull, for example A 'and A3, or A' and A2, above the housings (4) already provided

  to receive the polymeric sleeves (5) of interposition.

  The presence of the junction brackets (2) has the advantage of making it possible to avoid collisions between the different monohulls, a sensitive phenomenon for example, when several boxes are superimposed, up to

four floors.

  This makes it possible to form a mass of monohulls assembled vertically or horizontally, so that the pendular movement is distributed and affects the entire structure constituted by

the monohulls (A, B) superimposed.

  As illustrated in Figure 9, the junction brackets (2) are composed

  two metal crowns (12) and a stamped flat iron (22).

  The outer angle of the flat iron (22) is pierced with different rectangular recesses (32) allowing the passage of a metal key (42) of

appropriate form.

  Figure 8 shows how to use the junction brackets.

  To carry out the assembly, two junction brackets (2) are superimposed associated with four monohulls (A ', A2, A3, A4) by the corners, or two monohulls with a corner, so that the rectangular recesses

  (32) respective of the two brackets correspond.

  These junction brackets will fit into the polymer sleeves (5)

previously installed.

  Then a metal key (42) is inserted through the recesses (32),

7 2813623

  before positioning the upper monohulls (B1, B2, B3, B4), which makes it possible to lock the structure while subsequently authorizing a

possible quick disassembly.

  After installing the upper monohulls (B '. B2, B3, B4), a tightening bolt is inserted through each polymer stud and each reinforced concrete slab, in order to prevent the hulls from loosening. The tightening bolts are positioned on polymer washers (not shown) on each interior face of the concrete slab reinforced with a lower monocoque

and higher.

  It will be noted that the key (42) is not a fixed key and that the shape of the

  junction brackets (2) do not vary.

  It is the specific configuration of the rectangular recesses (42) which allows overlapping when two junction brackets are placed.

  head to tail in relation to each other.

  When there are only two monohulls, which is the case for example at the lateral end of a structure made up of four boxes arranged side by side, a single junction square will be used in the part

  median where there are only two contiguous orifices.

  In this case, no keys are used which pass through the angular recess. To maintain the square, it will be enough to drill into the concrete through the middle part of each of the branches making up the square and pass a lag bolt with a bolt to secure

  the whole, with the interposition of polymer plates.

  The connection key can be produced in two different ways.

  According to a first alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the key (42) is crosswise and forms an abutment in the recesses (32). The angle

  of the cross is 90, in order to prevent possible deformation of the key.

  The key (42) consists of two perpendicular blocks (42 ', 42 ") mounted x8 2813623 crosswise. The lower part of each of the blocks (42', 42") comprises a leaf spring (43). The key (42) snaps into the recesses (32) and is then held in place by the leaf spring

  (43) which exerts pressure on the underside of the brackets.

  According to a second alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the key (52) consists of a round metal pin (52 ′) which fits in the same way as before in the center of the bracket (2) and also comprises in its lower part at least one leaf spring (53) which acts as clips and exerts pressure on the underside of the brackets. This modality allows the rotation of the assemblies and therefore allows

  corner connections greater than 90 in the horizontal plane.

  In both cases, a layer of polymer is applied to the outer surface of the leaf spring (43, 53), in order to avoid phenomena of

  metallic clatter or friction that would interfere with sound insulation.

  We will also interpose a polymer plate (not shown) between

the two brackets.

  Figures 1, 3 4 and 7 show the connection brackets which

  allow the basic monohulls (A) to be secured to the foundation (1).

  To link the foundations to the structure, each of the studs (3) of the basic monohulls (A) is associated with a square-shaped element (14) whose arms (14 ') form a right angle (14 " ) marrying

the angle of the monohulls.

  The polymer stud (3) in the corner of the connecting square (14) is placed in a cylindrical strapping (3 ') welded on said metal base bracket, which is fixed in concrete by screwing, lag screw, sealing or any other means, at four points along the arms (14 '), which

  have cylindrical studs (13) in polymer at the end.

  The two studs (13) of each connecting square (14) are fixed by

  polymer bonding on the base metal under monocoque before installation.

  The lateral studs (13) will be glued at the time of installation on the metal square above the foundation, the central stud (3) always remaining independent to allow elasticity and return to the initial position through

  springs of the peripheral crown.

  The eight studs (13) of a monocoque thus form between the foundation

(1) and the prefabricated structure.

  These bonded elements retain an elasticity of circular deformation over 360. As shown in Figure 4, the side studs (13) are arranged on the metal angle brackets on the underside of the base monocoque slab (A), and the bonding on the square above the foundation (1) takes place

  when we put the monocoque on this foundation.

  The building structure thus formed and joined together allows the accumulation and dispersion of horizontal oscillations, whatever their direction, while controlling and minimizing their

  transmission to upper or lower level monohull caissons.

  The above description clearly shows that the purposes of this

  invention are achieved since a building structure is made and joined together made up of at least two levels of superimposed monohull elements, comprising means for accumulating and dispersing both vertical and horizontal oscillations, whatever

  either their direction and their intensity.

  The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art. In particular, the number of monocoque elements and their superposition methods, as well as the shape of the studs and

  recesses, may vary without departing from the scope of the invention.

2813623

Claims (10)

  1. Modular monocoque building structure of the type consisting of at least two superposed levels of monocoque concrete elements placed side by side, each monocoque element comprising at its base means for absorbing and dispersing vibrations constituted by '' a sleeve (5) comprising an elastomer stud (3) disposed between two superimposed monocoque boxes (A) and (B), inside housings (4) formed in correspondence, respectively on the underside of the monocoque box upper level and on the upper face of the lower level monohull casing, characterized in that the structure is secured by means of connecting brackets (2) positioned on the floors between the monohulls and connecting brackets (14) of the   basic monohulls (A) at the foundation (1).   2. Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the junction brackets (2) are composed of two rings (12)   metal and a stamped flat iron (22).   3. Building structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer angle of the flat iron (22) has rectangular recesses   (32) allowing the passage of a metal key.   4. Building structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the key (42) consists of two perpendicular blocks (42 ', 42 ") mounted crossed.   5. Building structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower part of each of the blocks (42 ', 42 ") comprises a spring with blade (43).   6. Building structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the key (52) consists of a round metal pin (52 ') designed to   fit in the center of the connecting square (2).   7. Building structure according to claim 6, characterized in that   the lower part of the key (52) comprises at least one leaf spring (53).   8. Building structure according to one of the preceding claims,   characterized in that each stud (3) is associated with basic monohulls (A) a bracket (14) whose arms (14 ') form a right angle (14 ") following the angle of the monohulls.   9. Building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the stud (3) is placed in a cylindrical strapping (3 ') welded to the connecting square (14) which is fixed in the concrete at four points along of the arm (14 ').   10. Building structure according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the arms (14 ') of the connecting square (14)   have side studs (13).