FR2737246A1 - LARGE DOOR WITH QUICK OPENING - Google Patents

Abstract

A large door has three identical leaves (10, 20, 30) superimposed vertically in the closed position. The lower (30) and upper (20) leaves are pivotally mounted on the central leaf (10), which itself rotates around its median horizontal axis. When opening the door, the central leaf (10) rotates 180 deg. in the opposite direction to that of pivoting of the upper and lower leaves, which are placed opposite the central leaf (10). Use in particular for the emergency evacuation of a large room.

Description

"Large door with fast opening" The present invention

  a large, fast-opening door such as a door

  access to a large volume exhibition hall.

  Currently, the doors used are one or two leaves that are moved manually. These doors, which can have a width of 6 meters and a height of up to 5 meters, open by a lateral or vertical movement of the leaves along

rails and lower guides.

  The displacement of large leaves is long to implement and requires a relatively large push or pull force. These doors are well adapted to the passage of large vehicles, such as trucks for example, but do not allow emergency evacuation

  of people in the lobby.

  Also, emergency doors, of smaller dimensions, corresponding substantially to the passage of an individual, are arranged in the lower part of the leaves of the door. These emergency doors are pivoting, with manual opening, around a vertical axis. These fast-opening emergency doors allow only a few people to pass at a time and do not respond to the need for rapid evacuation of a large number of people in the lobby and smoke evacuation. The object of the present invention is to provide a door structure that allows both an evacuation in a very short time of a multitude of people, thanks to a quick opening, and the passage of bulky machines through a bay

wide enough.

  The large-size door with rapid opening intended by the present invention comprises three leaves of identical dimensions. It is characterized in that the leaves are superimposed vertically when the door is closed, the door having pivoting means fixed to said leaves, a lower leaf and an upper leaf being adapted to pivot relative to a central leaf in the same direction of pivoting respectively around a first and a second horizontal edge of said central leaf, in that said central leaf is rotatably mounted about its median horizontal axis and in that it comprises translational guiding means, fixed to a frame structure of said leaves, adapted to guide the upper edge of the upper leaf between a closed position in which the upper leaf is located in the plane of said vertical central leaf and an open position in which the upper leaf is folded against the central leaf, said central leaf rotating 180 between said closed position and said opening position in a reverse direction of said direction of rotation. By simple 180 rotation of the central leaf, thus opens both the lower part and the upper part of the door. The smoke and evacuation function is very quickly

people in case of emergency.

  In addition, the total release of the lower part of the bay makes it possible to use the

  entire opening for the passage of people.

  According to an advantageous version of the invention, the frame structure further comprises second guide means in translation of the lower edge of the lower leaf between the closed position in which the lower leaf is located in the plane of the vertical central leaf and the opening position in which the lower leaf is in

look of the central leaf.

  These guide means of the lower leaf allow to facilitate the movement thereof between its closed position and its open position, and to generate a frontal erasure of the lower part of the lower leaf, thus eliminating any risk

  crush the public on the field of it.

  They also have the advantages of limiting the oscillation of the lower leaf which is suspended from the rotating central leaf and thus to eliminate the risk of accidental shocks with persons or persons.

objects when opening.

  Preferably, the second guide means consist of guide rails pivoting about a lower end between a substantially vertical position and an inclined position in which the upper end of the rails is respectively adjacent to and away from the central leaf in vertical position. , the lower edge of the lower leaf having pebbles adapted to

  slide in said guide rails.

  Thanks to the pivoting guide rails, the lower edge of the lower leaf no longer makes a substantially vertical trajectory when opening

  of the door, but an inclined trajectory.

  Manual operation of the lower leaf therefore requires less force to move it. It is thus possible, especially in an emergency, to easily move the lower leaf and thereby cause the central leaf rotation, so

to quickly open the door.

  According to a preferred version of the invention, the door closes the access to a large room, such as an exhibition hall, the pivoting guide rails

to the outside of the room.

  The opening from the inside of the door can therefore be implemented by simply pushing on the lower leaf, the upper leaf being weighted to allow movement. This mode of operation is perfectly adapted to the emergency opening of the door. In addition, the movement of the door to the level of the central horizontal axis of the central leaf is made on the outside of the room: the opening of the door can be easily obtained even in cases where a crowd of people are facing the

door, inside the room.

  Other peculiarities and advantages of

  the invention will become apparent in the description below.

  After: In the accompanying drawings given by way of non-limiting examples: - Figures 1A, 1B and 1C are perspective views of the door illustrating its opening; - Figure 2 is a front view of the door according to the invention in the closed position; FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C illustrate the operation of the door seen in section along the line III-III in FIG. 2; and FIG. 4 is a half-view in cross-section along line IV-IV in FIG. 3C of FIG.

door in open position.

  The structure of the door conforms to

  the invention will first be described below.

  It comprises three leaves 10, 20 and 30 of identical dimensions and is adapted to close access to a large volume room, such as an exhibition hall, a covered market, only part of a wall 1

  having a door is shown in the figures.

  Of course, the premises can have

  several doors according to the invention.

  Each leaf can have a height of between 2 and 2.5 m, or even more, and

width between 2 and 10 m.

  Preferably, each leaf 10, 20 and 30 has a height of 2.1 m and a width of 6 m, for

  reasons that will become clear in the description

of its operation.

  These leaves have a thickness of about 90 mm and consist of an insulating core, injected polyurethane foam (class M1) for example,

  internally and externally coated with aluminum.

  Stainless steel profiles can form the peripheral frame of the leaves, a seal being placed on the lower cross-member of the lower leaf, at ground level and on the cross-beam.

  upper leaf upper 20.

  In the closed position of the door, these leaves, as shown in Figure 2, are superimposed vertically. The sealing between each leaf can be ensured by a conventional interlocking between grooves and lips arranged on the slices

  adjacent horizontal leaves.

  Referring more specifically to FIG. 3A, the door comprises pivoting means 23, 33 fixed to the leaves 10, 20 and 30. The lower leaf 30 and the upper leaf 20 are adapted to pivot relative to the central leaf 10, in a same direction of pivoting I around respectively a first and a second

  horizontal edges 10a and 10b of the central leaf 10.

  These pivoting means 23, 33 may consist for example of self-lubricated industrial hinges, incorporating sealing devices

between the leaves.

  The hinges 23 and 33 fix the upper leaf 30 to the central leaf 10, respectively the lower leaf 20 to the central leaf 10, on opposite sides of the door so that the direction of pivoting I relative to a horizontal axis in the

  vertical door plane, is identical.

  Preferably, the hinge 33 between the lower leaf 30 and the central leaf 10 is located on the inner face of the door, towards

inside the premises.

  The central leaf 10 is mounted in rotation about its median horizontal axis 15a, that is to say the horizontal axis extending in the plane of the leaf

central and in the middle of it.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the door further comprises translational guiding means 26 fixed to a frame structure 50 of

leaves 10, 20 and 30.

  This frame structure 50 is a metal frame in the form of a box that supports the entire door and its opening mechanisms and security. It can be sealed on the exterior pavement. A protective canopy 42 can also be placed in the upper part of the structure

  framing 50, above the door.

  The guide means 26 are adapted to guide the upper edge 20a of the upper leaf 20 between a closed position in which the upper leaf 20 is located in the plane of the vertical central leaf 10 and an open position in which the upper leaf 20 is folded against the

  central leaf 10 (see for example Figure 3C).

  These guide means 26 may consist of profiled stainless steel guide rails 26 arranged on each side of the door, facing the side edges of the upper leaf 20, in the upper part of the door.

the door.

  Rollers 25 on self-aligning ball bearings

  lubricated, ensuring a very low coefficient of rolling, are fixed on the side edges, near the upper edge 20a, the upper leaf 20. As shown in Figure 3B, this guide rail 26 is slightly inclined relative to the vertical d approximately 4, so that its upper end is in the vertical plane of the superimposed leafs and its lower end is adjacent to the

  central leaf 10 in vertical position.

  Preferably, the frame structure 50 further comprises second translational guiding means 36, illustrated in FIG. 3B, of the lower edge 30a of the lower leaf 30 between the closed position in which the lower leaf 30 is located in the vertical central leaf plane 10 and the open position in which the lower leaf

  is next to the central leaf 10.

  Similarly to the first guide means 26 described above, the second guide means consist of guide rails 36 arranged in the lower part of the door, rollers 35 fixed to the side edges, near the lower edge 30a, of the lower leaf 30, sliding in

these second rails 36.

  These latter pivot about their lower end 36a, an angle a between a substantially vertical position and an inclined position in which the upper end 36b of the second rails 36 is adjacent to, respectively

  away from the central leaf 10 in vertical position.

  The lower end 36a can be mounted on a rack-and-pinion mechanism. In the locked position of the door, the guide rails 26 and 36

  are locked in a vertical position.

  The so-called substantially vertical position of the second guide rails 36 is symmetrical to that of the first guide rails 26 relative to the middle of the central leaf 10, so that the lower end 36a is situated in the vertical plane of the superposed leaves and the upper end 36b is adjacent to the vertical central leaf 10. The second guide rails 36 are thus inclined by about 4 relative to the vertical in their so-called substantially vertical position. These second guide rails 36 pivot towards the outside of the room and can be locked in an inclined position by locking means (not shown). In this inclined position, the angle α of inclination of the second guide rails 36 by

  ratio to the vertical is equal to about 20.

  Rotating drive means 52 are fixed to the support structure 50 and are adapted to move the central leaf 10 in rotation about its median axis 15a, clutches 51 being arranged between the drive means 52 and the leaf

central 10.

  As illustrated in FIG. 4, two geared motors 52 are arranged at each end of the central axis 15a of the central leaf 10 which is connected to the geared motors 52 by means of roller bearings.

balls 15 and clutches 51.

  This double motorization of the central leaf allows rotation of the latter and thereby that of the lower leaves 30 and upper 20 around the leaves.

  horizontal edges 10a, 0lob, of the central leaf 10.

  The simultaneous rotation of the three panels 10 and 30 is thus ensured, the central leaf 10 rotating 180 between the closed position and the open position, in a direction of rotation J opposite to the pivoting direction I of the two

other leaves 20 and 30.

  A backstop or locking mechanism avoids the return of the central leaf 10 during its rotation in the direction J. The clutches 51 are slaved to emergency control means adapted to position the clutches 51 in the disengaged position. when the means

  emergency control are activated.

  These clutches can be electro-

  magnetic and be disengaged in case of alert for

  allow manual opening of the door.

  Emergency control means for unlocking used security locks

  classically for emergency exits.

  Safety interlocks (electromagnetic lock, electromagnetic suction cups) are integrated in the lower leaf 30 of the door and make it possible to lock the exit in normal time while ensuring a fast and safe unlocking in the event of an alert. Punch button commands can be interposed on the power supply of the safety interlocks and synchronized to

  at the same time disengage the clutches 51.

  In addition to punch buttons, the emergency control means may also include general detection signals, such as those issued by smoke detectors, which by their release trigger the emergency unlocking of the door and

clutches 51.

  On the other hand, detection means 43, 44 are adapted to monitor a space 45 forming a door sill, located under the first edge of the central leaf when the leaf is rotated, to detect an intrusion into this space 45 and to prevent rotation of the central leaf 10 when an intrusion is detected. In this exemplary embodiment, the door sill space 45 is located outside as illustrated.

  in Figures 1 and 3B for example.

  These detection means may comprise presence detection cells 43 disposed on either side of the door on candelabras 41 and an optical barrier 44, placed in the lower part of the candelabra. The detection of a presence (object, individuals ...) in the space 45 prevents or interrupts the operation of the door to eliminate any risk of

shock with rotating leaves.

  In addition, protection means make it possible to signal the operation of the door, such as light or sound signals 46, placed on the candelabras 41. The threshold space 45 may be ground-marked, signaling this area of

deflection of the door.

  Gates 40 can close on the sides, between the wall 1 of the hall and the candelabras 41, the threshold

45 door.

  Preferably, the lower edge 20b of the upper leaf 20, adjacent to the central leaf 10, comprises

counterweight elements.

  These facilitate the downward movement of the lower edge 20b of the upper leaf 20 bound in

  pivoting by the hinge 23 to the central leaf 10.

  With reference to FIGS. 3C and 4, the supporting structure 50 further comprises displacement means 53, 54 adapted to vertically move the assembly consisting of the lower and upper leaves 30 and 20

  folded against the central leaf 10.

  The moving means comprise mechanisms for raising or lowering by rack 53 on either side of the door, moving carriages mounted on rollers 54 inside the box of the supporting structure 50. The racks 53 are actuated for example by a geared motor placed in the upper part of the frame structure 50 with

  corner linkages on each side of the door.

  These displacement means 53, 54 make it possible to slide the leaves in the direction of arrow F from a position in the middle of the door to a position at the top, shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3C, so as to obtain an opening higher, corresponding substantially to the area of two

superimposed leaves.

  During the vertical movement, all the elements carried by the frame structure is moved, the geared motors 52, the clutches 51, the

  three folded leaves 10, 20 and 30.

  The guide rails 26 and 36 are then in a substantially vertical position. A detector can be adapted to monitor this position of the rails 36 and to prevent the vertical movement of the leaves if the rails

  36 are inclined outwards.

  The lower leaf can have a series of windows 32, to illuminate the interior of the room. These windows 32 consist for example of two rectangular glazed glass panels of

security.

  Molded handles (not shown) may also be attached to the interior or

  the outside of the lower leaf 30.

  A gas cylinder system may further be integrated at the level of the pivoting guide rails 36 to initiate the rise of the lower leaf 30 about 0.3 to 0.5 meters in order to accelerate the opening

manual door.

  This system of gas cylinders can be slaved to the emergency control means so that when the rapid opening of the door is required in case of alarm, the cylinder system initiates the opening of the doors.

  and anticipate the action of the public.

  The upper leaf 20 may also be equipped with fresh air inlet flaps 21 pivotally mounted on this leaf 20. In the example of FIG. 2, the leaf 20 comprises two flaps 21. Grids 22 for protection close the opening of the shutters. These openings have a surface between

3 and 4 m2 for example.

  The shutters 21 open towards the interior of the room so that they can remain open during the

  Folding the leaves as shown in Figure 3B.

  On the other hand, these shutters 21 must be closed to allow the vertical movement of

leaves 10, 20, 30.

  Means for detecting the position of the flaps 21 may be provided to prevent the vertical displacement of the leaves when the flaps 21

are open.

  The flaps are preferably actuated in known manner by electric cylinders (not shown). On the other hand, suction cups or other locking means may be provided to maintain the

  leaves closed against each other.

  Hydraulic dampers may also be arranged at the central leaf 10 to slow the latter at the end of the race when it has

turned 180.

  The operation of the door conforms to

  the invention will now be described.

  Several situations are possible: 1 - Emergency evacuation of the room The door is unlocked either in response to an alert signal (smoke detection for example, power failure ...), or by a command of a

punch button.

  The latches of the lower leaf 30 are released and the clutches 51 are disengaged for

  allow free rotation of the central leaf 10.

  The gas spring system initiates a thrust on the lower leaf 30, thus anticipating the action of the public who then takes the relay of the system of cylinders. The two lower guide rails 36 pivot outwards and lock in an inclined position. The three panels pivot as shown in FIG. 3B, the lower and upper leaves being guided in translation in the guide rails 26, 36. This folding movement is accelerated by the counterweight elements 24 flanking the upper leaf.

in its lower part.

  At the end of folding, the movement of the leaves, 20, 30 is braked by dampers

Hydraulic.

  In this example, the lower leaf 30 remains remote from the central leaf 10, its lower edge 30a being held between the ends

  upper 36b inclined guide rails 36.

  The central leaf 10 and the upper leaf can be locked against each other by suction cups, for example, arranged on the faces facing each other.

two leaves 10, 20.

  Thus, in this opening cycle of the door, the lower part of the bay, corresponding to the lower leaf 30 in the closed position, is released. We thus obtain an opening of a height equal to that of the leaves. To allow evacuation of persons, this height must be at least equal to

  2.05 m and preferably have a value of 2.10 m.

  The maximum duration of manual opening of

this door is 5 seconds.

  The outward movement of the leaves

  is approximately equal to 1.3 m compared to the wall 1 of the room.

  The threshold space 45 monitored by the detection means 43, 44 therefore corresponds substantially to a space of the width of the door and the length of the deflection. The candelabras 41 are arranged at a distance of about 1.5 m from the wall 1 of the room so as not to interfere with the movement of the

  leaves and to delimit the threshold space 45.

  Thanks to the cylinders that anticipate the opening of the lower leaf 30, a manual thrust force of 20 daN is sufficient to ensure the opening of the door

in full.

  2.1 Passage of trucks following evacuation The guide rails 36 are unlocked and

  brought back to their substantially vertical position.

  Thus, the lower leaf 30 is folded into

  vertical position against the central leaf 10.

  Position detectors of the three parallel panels then allow the displacement in

translation of the leaves.

  The ventilation flaps 21 are closed so that flap position detectors allow

  also the rise of folded leafs.

  The displacement means 53, 54 are then actuated to lift the leaves in the direction of the arrow F to leave a free height under the

leaves of approximately 4.50 m.

  Thus, the passage of trucks can be achieved in the opening thus obtained 6m wide

on 4.50 m high.

  2.2. Closing the door following the evacuation If, after evacuation of persons, the door must be closed, the lower guide rails 36 are brought back to a substantially vertical position, the

  possible electronic locking devices

  magnetic parallel leaves are unlocked and

  the clutch is placed in the engaged position.

  After detection of non-intrusion into the threshold space 45 of the door, the geared motors 52 and the clutches 51 are activated to ensure the

  rotation in the opposite direction of the leaves of the door.

  The latter is then locked by

emergency exit locks.

  3 - Passaqe of a truck One can also simply need to open the door to access the local

bulky machines.

  In this case, the door is unlocked, then geared motors 52 and clutches 51 are actuated if the detection means allow their operation, that is to say if no presence of persons or objects is detected in the space of

threshold 45 of door.

  In this case, the lower guide rails 36 do not pivot as shown in FIG. 3C, but are in a position substantially

vertical.

  The leaves are then locked in the folded position and detectors of their parallel position allow their vertical displacement by means of

  ball screws 53 driven by a geared motor.

  After the passage of trucks for example, the

door is closed.

  The leaves 10, 20, 30 are first lowered into the folded position until they are in the middle of the opening, then the door is

  closed as in case 2.2. described above.

  The total duration of the mechanized opening of the door for the passage of the trucks is equal to

maximum 15 seconds.

  Of course, many modifications could be made to the exemplary embodiment

  above, without departing from the scope of the invention.

  Thus, the lower rails 36 could be removed, the lower leaf moving simply by being suspended from the central leaf

pivoting 10.

  The means of displacement in rotation and / or translation of the different leaves are given as examples and can be replaced by

equivalent devices.

Claims (8)

  1 - Large door with rapid opening, comprising three leaves (10, 20, 30) of identical dimensions, characterized in that the leaves are superposed vertically when the door is closed, the door having pivoting means (23, 33). ) fixed to said leaves, a lower leaf (30) and an upper leaf (20) being adapted to pivot relative to a central leaf (10) in the same pivoting direction (I) around respectively a first (l1a) and a second horizontal edge (10b) of said central leaf (10), in that said central leaf (10) is rotatably mounted around its median horizontal axis (15a) and in that it comprises guiding means ( 26) in translation, fixed to a frame structure (50) of said leaves, adapted to guide the upper edge (20a) of the upper leaf (20) between a closed position in which the upper leaf (20) is located in the plan of said vertical central leaf (10 ) and an opening position in which the upper leaf (20) is folded against the central leaf (10), said central leaf (10), rotating 180 between said closed position and said open position in a sense of rotation   (J) inverse of said pivoting direction (I).   2 - door according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame structure (50) further comprises second guide means (30) in translation of the lower edge (30a) of the lower leaf (30) between the position of closure in which the lower leaf (30) is situated in the plane of the vertical central leaf (10) and the open position in which the lower leaf (30) is next to the central leaf (10).   3 - Door according to claim 2, characterized in that the second guide means (36) consist of guide rails (36) pivoting about a lower end (36a) between a substantially vertical position and a position inclined in which the upper end (36b) of the rails is respectively adjacent to and away from the central leaf (10) in a vertical position, the lower edge (30a) of the lower leaf (30) having rollers (35) adapted to slide in said rails guide (36).   4 - Door according to claim 3, closing the access to a large room, characterized in that guide rails are pivoted out of said room.   - Door according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that detection means (43, 44) are adapted to monitor a space (45) threshold door, located under said first edge (10a) of leaf central (10) when said central leaf is rotated, to detect an intrusion into said space (45) and to prevent rotation of said central leaf (10) when a intrusion is detected.   6 - Door according to one of the claims   1 to 5, characterized in that rotational drive means (52) are attached to the carrier structure (50) and are adapted to rotate the central leaf (10) about said central axis (15a), clutches (51) being disposed between the means   drive (52) and the central leaf (10).   7 - Door according to claim 6, characterized in that said clutches (51) are slaved to emergency control means adapted to position the clutches (51) in the disengaged position when the emergency control means are actuated.   8 - Door according to one of the claims   1 to 7, characterized in that a lower edge of the upper leaf (20) adjacent to the central leaf   (10) comprises counterweight elements (24).   9 - Door according to one of the claims   1 to 8, characterized in that the supporting structure (50) further comprises displacement means (53, 54) adapted to vertically move the assembly consisting of the lower (30) and upper (20) leaves.   folded against the central leaf (10). - Door conforming to one of the   Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each   leaf (10, 20, 30) has a height of between 2 m   and 2.5 m and a width of between 2 m and 10 m. it - Door conforms to one of the   Claims 1 to 10 characterized in that each   leaf (10, 20, 30) at a height of 2.1 m and a width of 6 m.