FR2705761A1

FR2705761A1 - Incinerator for dry waste

Info

Publication number: FR2705761A1
Application number: FR9306626A
Authority: FR
Inventors: Awerbuch Florence
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-05-27
Filing date: 1993-05-27
Publication date: 1994-12-02

Abstract

The invention relates to an incineration device for ordinary dry waste and more specifically packaging. The incinerator (single plate) consists of a cylinder made of perforated sheet metal (3) which finishes at the ends in cones made of solid metal sheet (4 and 5). The cylinder (3) is surrounded by two casings (9 and 11). The waste is fed into the cylinder (3) by a screw conveyor (2). The cones (4 and 5) are equipped with raceways (7). The cylinder (3) is driven rotationally by a gear motor (8). The oxidant air is blown into the lower housing (9) via the orifice (16) and penetrates into the drum (3) in which the waste is set on fire. The burned gases escape from the cylinder (3) via the top part and are collected by the housing (11) and evacuated via a chimney (12) with which the housing (11) is equipped.

Description

INCINERATEUR POUR DECHETS SECS
Une solution pour l'élimination de déchets est l'inciné- ration. Les usines d'incinération ne peuvent traiter rationnellement que de grandes quantités de déchets, ce qui exige un investissement considérable. Il n'existe pas d'incinérateurs pour de petites quantités et il est impraticable de collecter des déchets et de les transporter sur des grandes distances pour disposer d'assez grandes quantités pour assurer le fonctionnement d'une grande usine 24 heures sur 24, exigé par la technologie mise en oeuvre.INCINERATOR FOR DRY WASTE
One solution for waste disposal is incineration. Incineration plants can only handle large quantities of waste rationally, which requires considerable investment. There are no incinerators for small quantities and it is impractical to collect waste and transport it over long distances to have enough quantities to ensure the operation of a large factory 24 hours a day, required by the technology implemented.

Le présent brevet apporte une solution à ce problème par la conception d'un petit incinérateur à faible investissement et inertie thermique pratiquement nulle permettant l'incineration rationnelle et sans pollution de petites quantités de déchets secs. The present patent provides a solution to this problem by the design of a small incinerator with low investment and practically zero thermal inertia allowing the rational incineration and without pollution of small quantities of dry waste.

Cet incinérateur est composé des éléments suivants
- un broyeur (cisaille rotative).This incinerator is composed of the following elements
- a grinder (rotary shears).

- Une vis d'Archimède pour l'introduction des déchets dans le tambour rotatif décrit ci-après. - An Archimedes screw for the introduction of waste into the rotary drum described below.

- Un tambour rotatif constitué par un cylindre en tôle à perforations rondes ou en persiennes permettant d'une part l'entrée d'air comburant et d'autre part l'évacuation des cendres ainsi que la sortie des gaz brûlés. - A rotary drum consisting of a sheet metal cylinder with round perforations or blinds allowing on the one hand the entry of combustion air and on the other hand the evacuation of the ashes as well as the exit of the burnt gases.

Sur la partie cylindrique se trouve fixé du côté du petit diamètre par une partie cylindrique. Le grand diamètre du cône raccordé au cylindre est obturé par une plaque afin de l'isoler du contenu du cylindre. On the cylindrical part is fixed on the side of the small diameter by a cylindrical part. The large diameter of the cone connected to the cylinder is closed by a plate in order to isolate it from the contents of the cylinder.

Le cylindre du tambour se termine du côté opposé à l'entrée d'un cône en tôle pleine identique au cône d'entrée mais contrairement à ce dernier, l'ouverture est obture par une plaque sur laquelle se trouve fixé un arbre permettant l'entraînement en rotation du tambour par un moto-réducteur. The drum cylinder ends on the opposite side from the entry of a solid sheet cone identical to the entry cone but unlike the latter, the opening is closed by a plate on which is fixed a shaft allowing the drum rotation drive by a gear motor.

Des compensateurs assurent l'étanchéité entre les parties tournantes et les parties fixes constituées par des carters autour du tambour rotatif. Compensators seal between the rotating parts and the fixed parts formed by casings around the rotary drum.

Des chemins de roulement fixés sur les parties cylindriques terminent les deux cônes. Tracks fixed on the cylindrical parts complete the two cones.

Un moto-réducteur entrain le tambour en rotation. A gear motor drives the drum in rotation.

Une trémie situé en dessous du tambour assurent la collecte des cendres. A hopper located below the drum collects the ashes.

Une tubulure admet l'air comburant surpressé dans le carter ci-après. A manifold admits the pressurized combustion air into the casing below.

Un carter supérieur tronconique collectent les gaz brûlés. A frustoconical upper casing collects the burnt gases.

Une cheminée évacue les gaz brûlés collectés par le carter supérieur. A chimney evacuates the burnt gases collected by the upper casing.

Un sas rotatif assure l'évacuation des cendres sans laisser passer l'air comburant admis par la tubulure. A rotary airlock ensures the evacuation of the ashes without letting the combustion air admitted through the tubing pass.

Deux brides coulissantes assurent l'étanchéité entre la partie tournante et la vis d'alimentation qui constitue une partie fixe. Two sliding flanges seal between the rotating part and the feed screw which constitutes a fixed part.

Les chemins de roulement reposent sur des galets. The raceways rest on rollers.

Le fonctionnement est le suivant : on introduit des déchets à l'intérieur du tambour à persiennes. Les plaques obturant les cônes interdisent toute communication entre les deux cônes et le tambour. The operation is as follows: waste is introduced inside the louver drum. The plates closing the cones prevent any communication between the two cones and the drum.

Quand le tambour est rempli au quart de son volume, on introduit par la vis une matière en combustion, laquelle assure la mise à feu des déchets dans le tambour. L'air comburant étant fourni et refoulé par un ventilateur centrifuge dans la tubulure d'admission. Les cendres sont automatiquement évacuées à travers les persiennes vers le bas, tandis que les gaz brûlés sont évacués vers le haut à travers les persiennes en passant par le carter et la cheminée. When the drum is filled to a quarter of its volume, a burning material is introduced through the screw, which ignites the waste in the drum. Combustion air is supplied and discharged by a centrifugal fan into the intake manifold. The ashes are automatically evacuated through the louvers downwards, while the burnt gases are evacuated upward through the louvers passing through the casing and the chimney.

L'intérêt de ce dispositif réside dans le fait que le tambour qui est métallique se trouve continuellement refroidi par la rotation et l'apport de l'air comburant. The advantage of this device lies in the fact that the drum which is metallic is continuously cooled by the rotation and the supply of the combustion air.

Cette installation ne permet que l'incinération des déchets secs. Par conséquent, si on ne dispose que de déchets humides, il faut au préalable assurer leur séchage par une autre installation indépendante. Un tel procédé permet d'éviter la pyrolyse et par conséquent assure une combustion intégrale sans pollution. En effet, une incinération complète consite à apporter l'oxygène de l'air aux déchets, par leur agitation réalisée par la rotation du tambour. This installation only allows the incineration of dry waste. Consequently, if only wet waste is available, it must first be dried by another independent installation. Such a method makes it possible to avoid pyrolysis and therefore ensures complete combustion without pollution. Indeed, a complete incineration consists in bringing oxygen from the air to the waste, by its agitation carried out by the rotation of the drum.

Cette installation ne permet que l'incinération des déchets secs. Par conséquent, si on ne dispose que de déchets humides, il faut au préalable assurer leur séchage par une autre installation indépendante. Un tel procédé permet d'éviter la pyrolyse et par conséquent assure une combustion intégrale sans pollution. En effet, une incinération complète consiste à apporter l'oxygène de liair aux déchets, par leur agitation réalisée par la rotation du tambour. This installation only allows the incineration of dry waste. Consequently, if only wet waste is available, it must first be dried by another independent installation. Such a method makes it possible to avoid pyrolysis and therefore ensures complete combustion without pollution. Indeed, a complete incineration consists in bringing the oxygen of air to the waste, by their agitation carried out by the rotation of the drum.

Claims

1) Incinerator for waste composed of a cylinder made of perforated sheet and / or louvered sheet that is rotated inside a housing. In the lower part of the housing, a fan discharges combustion air. This oxidizing air passes through the perforated cylinder ensuring the combustion of the waste inside the cylinder. he burnt gases escape at the upper outlet of the perforated cylinder and are discharged through the upper part of the casing.

2) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that the housing is composed of two parts in frustoconical shape. The lower part (hopper) used for the intake of combustion air and for collecting the ash, while the upper part is used for collecting and evacuating the burnt gases.

3) Incinerator according to claim l characterized in that the cylinder is closed at both ends by plates.

4) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that on each of the plates according to claim 3 is fixed a frustoconical part ending in a tube on the side of the small diameter.

5) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that the casings surround the two truncated cones according to claim 4 to ensure sealing between the fixed cone trunks according to claim 2 and the rotating cone trunks according to claim 4.

6) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that in the lower casing (hopper) according to claim 2 is discharged combustion air under pressure.

7) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that the upper frustoconical casing ends in a tube serving for evacuation of the burnt gases.

8) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that on the cylindrical parts ending the truncated cones according to claim 4 are fixed flanges.

9) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that on the frustoconical parts of the casings according to claim 5 are also fixed flanges.

10) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that between the flanges according to claims 8 and 9 is a compensator fixed on one side and free on the other. The compensators ensuring the connection and sealing between the fixed parts and the rotating parts.

11) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that on the tubes mentioned under claim 4 are fixed raceways.

12) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that on the side opposite to the supply the tube terminating the truncated cone is closed by a plate serving for the rotation control of the cylinder.

13) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that an Archimedes screw feeds the drum through the tubes according to claim 4.

14) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that the feed screw according to claim 13 constituting a fixed part with respect to the rotating part is also equipped with sliding flanges similar to that of claim 9.

15) Incinerator according to claim 1 characterized in that the lower casing of the device according to claim 2 (hopper) ends in a rotary airlock allowing the evacuation of the ashes while the hopper is in overpressure by air oxidizer.