FR2702825A1 - Heating and ventilation unit. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating and ventilation unit (10) consisting of one or more radiators (7) to which thermal energy from an external heat source (11) is supplied. The unit (10) includes an outdoor air fan (3), an outgoing air fan (18) and a supply air fan (5). The unit (10) is integrated into a compact assembly comprising on the one hand said radiators (3, 5, 18) and the air ducts provided between them. In the unit (10), the pressure side (22d) of the outdoor air fan is connected to the suction side (21e) of the supply air fan (5) to which the circulating air line (5) is further connected ( 21a-21c). The individual flow resistances of the internal air ducts are dimensioned and adjusted so that there is a substantially constant negative pressure (VPA) at various points of the installation on the pressure side of the outdoor air fan (3) and on the suction side of the supplied air fan (5).

Description

I Heating and ventilation unit The invention relates to a heating unit

  heating and ventilation, in particular a unit specific to apartments in two or more storey houses, consisting of one or more radiators to which thermal energy is supplied from an external heat source, and the unit comprises a fan for outside air, a fan for the outgoing air and a fan for the supplied air, the supplied air being blown by air pipes supplied by means of the fan

  recently mentioned in the unit's radiators.

  With regard to the state of the art which is closest to the invention, it is referred to a heating and aeration system sold under the brand "TERMOVENT" by Sté Flâkt AB, which is constituted by a set air heating and by a heat exchanger recovering the heat from the exhaust air, which are separated from each other and which are connected to each other by relatively long tubular conduits Tubular conduits mentioned are the cause, apart from other problems, of difficulties for

  use the system to a satisfactory level.

  A problem which has not been solved so far with heating and ventilation units equipped with heat recovery and in particular with a cross-current plate heat exchanger consists of icing, in the case pronounced cold, heat exchanger Plate heat exchangers constituted in the known manner and belonging to a heat recovery and ventilation installation frost as soon as the outside temperatures reach 50 C to 100 C depending conditions of the outgoing air and the ratio between the air volume currents The known methods of defrosting and protection against ice formation have a very negative influence on the thermal efficiency of the installation, are the cause of modifications abrupt drafts of incoming and outgoing air and often presuppose

  bypass and closing valve.

  The general object of the present invention is to provide a heating and ventilation unit, in particular a specific unit for apartments of two or more storey houses, by means of which fresh air is brought without drafts into the apartment and which can simultaneously meet the heating needs of the apartment In addition, the invention has the general aim of developing the current state of the art and eliminating the shortcomings it entails, such as the difficulties caused by the constitution dispersed from the system and by the relatively long pipes which connect the

  parts of the system, as well as their various lengths.

  An additional object of the invention consists in proposing a unit with integrated and compact construction so that it occupies a useful surface of the floor of the apartment which is as small as

possible.

  Another object of the invention consists in proposing a unit whose relationships between internal pressures can be determined so that the operation of the unit corresponds to the aims sought despite

  mutual differences between individual air quantities.

  A particular object of the invention consists in proposing a unit in which the quantity of air, for a determined adjustment position of the supplied air fan, is maintained substantially

  constant although the amount of outside air is increased.

  In addition, the object of the invention is to provide a heating and ventilation unit, the noise damping of which can preferably be brought to a satisfactory level so that

  the arrangement of the unit can be freely chosen as so far.

  Another object of the invention consists in proposing a heating and ventilation unit to which can preferably be connected a heating in zones, such as for example a floor heating,

  and especially underfloor heating of sanitary rooms.

  Furthermore, the invention also aims to provide a heating and ventilation unit in which the treatment and evacuation of the condensed water which forms does not cause additional difficulties. In addition, the invention aims to provide a heating and ventilation system consisting of the assembly of units according to the invention for two-storey houses, in which the units according to

  the invention are used in apartments.

  o O To achieve the goals indicated in the foregoing and which will become clear in the following, what is essentially characteristic of the invention is that the heating and ventilation unit mentioned is integrated into a compact overall unit comprising the fans mentioned and the air ducts present therebetween, that in the heating and ventilation unit mentioned the pressure side of the outside air fan is connected to the suction side of the supplied air fan, to which is further connected circulating air duct belonging to the unit, and that the flow resistances of the individual internal air ducts of the unit are dimensioned and / or adjusted so that on the pressure side of the outside air fan mentioned and on the suction side of the supplied air fan, which are connected together, there is a substantially constant depression at different points of fon Operation so that the direction of the flow of circulating air remains directed towards the unit despite the various

  quantities of air which vary from each other.

  According to the invention, there is provided a heating and ventilation unit of compact and integrated construction, and a heating and ventilation system, in particular for two-storey houses, which can be constituted by the assembly of the mentioned units. , a system by which it is possible to eliminate the shortcomings mentioned

  in the above and which are present in known systems.

  -Thanks to the invention, the quantity of air supplied can be kept substantially constant for a determined adjustment position of the air fan supplied, although the quantity of air taken from the outside is increased To achieve this goal, the pressure losses in the path of the circulating air present and in the path of the air supplied from the unit of the invention are adjusted and dimensioned with respect to each other so that the ratio of the currents d air mentioned in the routes is modified without any particular adjustment so that the supplied air fan receives according to a

  sufficient precision a constant quantity of air.

  The solution of the invention is possible in part by the integrated construction of the fans and their drive system, the individual operating areas and the operation in opposite directions of the fans which can be determined, which makes it possible to maintain their settings. essential advantage compared to known solutions in which the supplied air fan is mounted in a separate unit and the pressure ratios which are specific to an apartment vary according to the mutual distance of the units, the dimensioning of the paths followed by the air as well as constructions. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the icing of the sample with aeration plates belonging to the unit can be avoided without the thermal efficiency of the unit being significantly weakened, even when the temperatures of the outdoor air are from -200 C to -300 C, depending on the ratios between the outgoing air and the ratio of the air volume currents The supplied air current can be controlled under control to be lower, and devices of

  bypass with complicated closing flap is no longer necessary.

  When using the unit of the invention, one can continuously maintain in the apartment a small depression, which avoids

  possible building damage from moisture.

  The invention provides that the pressure losses of the circulation air path and of the supplied air path mounted in the unit are adjusted by the dimensioning of the mentioned paths relative to each other so that without separate regulation. the ratio between the air currents of the mentioned routes is modified so that the supplied air fan maintains a quantity of air

  substantially constant in each regulation position.

  The unit comprises a heat exchanger mounted in the exhaust air duct, and preferably a cross-current plate heat exchanger, by which the thermal energy contained in the air leaving the unit is transmitted to the air supplied from the unit. The cold corner of the aforementioned heat exchanger is advantageously equipped with a protection system against icing, which is constituted by a bypass pipe starting from a pressure booster pipe of the heated supplied air, pipe by which the heated air in the unit is directed as a bypass current in the cold corner of the heat exchanger. The bypass current is preferably controlled using an installation with regulator and / or shut-off valve, which installation advantageously receives its control pulses from a

  temperature detector mounted in the outside air duct.

  The housing of the unit has substantially the shape of a rectangular prism and its individual air connections are preferably

  arranged in the horizontal upper wall of the housing.

  The invention provides that the height H of the unit (10) is situated in the range H = 1000-1400 mm, the width L of the unit is situated in the range L = 900-1000 mm and the depth F is located in the range F = 300-500 mm, and that the unit is mounted in each apartment in a space advantageously located above the WC o

  it occupies practically no usable floor area.

  The exhaust air duct section and the circulating air duct section may be located one above the other in the upper part of the unit in the region of a vertical wall, the section circulation air duct in

  which is fitted the circulation air filter being provided above

  above the bottom wall of the unit, while in the other vertical wall of the unit are provided starting from the bottom the start end of the circulating air duct, the supply air fan, one or several supply air radiators, the section located on the pressure side of the supply air duct and one or more pipes for the heated supply air, the heat exchanger being situated against and above said radiator (s) from this the outgoing prair tubing and the supplied air tubing and below the heat exchanger the outgoing air fan and on its suction side the duct section as well as the air duct section supplied, which is connected with the pipe section located on the side

  outdoor air fan intake.

  The whole unit is mounted in a housing of unitary construction and advantageously in the form of a rectangular prism, which is provided with the necessary noise damping so that the level of noise of the unit caused by fans and drafts is low enough that the noise level does not limit the layout of the unit which is

optimal for the rest.

  Finally, the invention provides that the heating and ventilation system for a two-storey house consists of the assembly of the units mentioned, each apartment being equipped with its own heating and ventilation unit, at which is connected a supply air duct allocated to the apartment, and the unit advantageously and at least partially receiving the air leaving through the

  kitchen exhaust hood.

  The invention will now be described in detail in the following with reference to embodiments shown in the figures of the appended drawing, but to the details of which the invention is not

not limited.

  Figure i schematically shows a heating and ventilation system consisting of the assembly of heating units and

  ventilation according to the invention for two-storey houses.

  Figure 2 shows the internal and external mounting diagram of a

  heating and ventilation unit according to the invention.

  Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the unit of

  integrated heating and ventilation according to the invention.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram of the pressure levels of the heating and ventilation unit of the invention, the vertical axis indicating the pressure level and the horizontal axis the individual points of the

  unit air flow lines.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a heating and ventilation system for two or more storey houses constituted by the assembly of heating and ventilation units 10 according to the invention (hereinafter called "units") The individual apartments of the stages K 1 and K 2 each include their own unit 10 in which the outside air is drawn into the apartment and directed in the direction of the arrow Ain usually passing through a relatively short inlet tube 22 K in the manifold air supplied 22 a from unit 10 (Figure 3) The outgoing air is taken through the outgoing air pipes 16, advantageously by the kitchen exhaust hoods, and is directed by the pipe 16 K relating to the apartment in the outgoing air tubing 16 a from the unit 10 The air used is evacuated from the unit concerned 10 through the pipe 24 in the direction of the arrow Aout via the air duct 24 intended for the air used , who is

connected to tubing 16 e.

  The circulating air is sent into the unit 10 by the pipe Za in the direction of the arrow AK from one or more locations in the apartment. FIG. 1 also shows that the zone heaters 25 connected to and cooperating with the units 10, such as for example floor heating devices, and the cellar aeration devices Ko which are constituted by the exhaust air duct 26 a, the exhaust air duct 26 and

the roof fan 27.

  The heating and ventilation unit 10 according to the invention is integrated in a compact housing (FIG. 3) which comprises vertical walls 10 a, lower walls l Ob, an upper wall 10 c as well as a bottom wall and a cover wall, of which the one mentioned last can be opened to carry out maintenance. At the top wall 10 c of the unit 10 are connected the connection pipes 15 c, 16 a, 16 e, 21 a and 22 a for the air ducts going to the unit 10 The height of the unit 10 is designated in H, its width in L and its depth in S. The dimensions mentioned are typically chosen from the ranges

  following: H = 1000-1400 mm, L = 900-1000 min, and S = 300-500 mi.

  Thus, the unit 10 can be compact and mounted in apartments of two or more storey houses, for example in the space located above the WCs where it does not occupy a usable floor area. The housing of the unit 10 which is explained in the foregoing is equipped on the one hand with the necessary damping of the noises (not shown), so that the level of noise caused by the air currents and the fans 3 , 5, 18 is so small that the unit can be optimally arranged in 'appteint with regard to the external pipes of the unit 10 and the space used by this unit 10 As the cold air currents passing through the unit according to the invention 10 are essentially vertical when flowing from top to bottom, the treatment and evacuation of water which condenses from the air flows is not the cause of particular difficulties. According to FIGS. 1 to 3, the outside air is sent into the unit in the direction of the arrow Ain by the outside air filter 1, from which the supplied air is discharged into the pipe 22 a towards the exchanger with cross-current plates heat 2 Thanks to the heat exchanger 2, the thermal energy recovered from the exhaust air Aout is transmitted to the supply air Leaving from the pipe section 22 b on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 2, the air stream supplied Ain according to FIG. 3 passes through the pipe section 22 c on the suction side of the outside air fan 3 then after increasing the pressure AP 3 of the fan 3 (figure 4) by the pipe section 22 d located on the pressure side, which is connected to the pipe section 21 e located on the suction side of the air fan

brought 5.

  The circulation air flow AK is brought into the unit 10 by the inlet pipe 21 k, from where it is sent in its section 21 b by the pipe 21 limited by the vertical wall l Oa of the housing of the unit 10 Starting from the pipe section 21 c of the pipe 21, the circulation air flow passes through the pipe section 21 c which is above the bottom wall 10 b of the housing of the unit 10 and by the air filter supplied 4 through the opening 21 d of the intermediate wall l Od to the pipe section 21 e located on the suction side of the supplied air fan 5, where the current d also comes from outside air supply Ain After increasing the pressure / \ P 5 by the supply air fan 5 (FIG. 4), the air stream Aink passes through the duct section a and through the supply air filter 6 to the radiators 7 o it heats up The heated air stream AL passes through the pipe section 15 b and from there through the pipes d e outlet 15 c from unit 10 to the air supply devices 15 from which the heated fresh air is blown in the direction of arrow AL in the individual rooms. The quantity of heated supply air AL which is necessary for heating is adjusted using the supply air fan 5, which quantity is chosen according to the size and the heating requirement of the apartment. heating, the quantity of air supplied AL is constant A constant quantity of air is a prerequisite allowing temperature regulation to be obtained since this avoids variations in the temperature of the air supplied, fluctuations in the currents d air and possible disadvantageous air currents The air supplied AL is formed by the air Ain supplied by the external air fan 3, which varies according to the regulation, as well as from the circulation air AK which is taken by the system

  circulation air lines 21.

  According to FIG. 2, a heat source 11, for example external heat, is connected to the radiators 7 The heat transfer system between the radiators 7 and the heat source 11 is constituted in a manner known per se by tubular conduits 23 , a water circulation pump 19 and a pressure difference regulator 19 has circulating heating water In addition, the regulating devices 8 of the supply air radiators 7 are connected to the tubular conduits 23, devices which receive their regulation pulse for example by a temperature detector 8 provided in a region of the exhaust air device 16 a The radiators 7 can also be connected to another heat source which is outside, such as for example a central thermal for homes, or you can also use a heater

  electric as a heat source.

  When the temperature of the outgoing air Aout measured by the detector 13 a drops below a preset limit value, the control and drive device 13 stops the outdoor air fan 3 When the air temperature used August goes above the preset temperature limit value, the outdoor air fan 3 is started again The control and drive device 13 controls both the outdoor air fan 3 and the outgoing air 18 so that they cooperate so that there remains in the apartment a slight depression, by which possible damage caused to the constructions and due to humidity caused by an overpressure

can be avoided.

  The cold corner 2 K of the cross-flow plate heat exchanger 2 of unit 10 is threatened with frost in the event of cold The cold supplied air Ain condenses and cools the water contained in the air leaving in this corner 2 K, where the water freezes when the air flow coming out

  August is not enough to maintain the temperature of the corner concerned 2 K above

  above zero level To avoid this insufficiency, a circulation air supply pipe 20 is connected to the hot air pipe 15 a after the radiators 15, pipe which is connected by the pipe 20 a with the pipe section 15 b as well as by the regulating and closing device 20 b with the cold corner 2 K of the heat exchanger 2 According to FIG. 2, the regulating and closing device 20 b of the bypass pipe 20 is controlled by a temperature detector 20 c mounted in the flow of air Ain When there is danger of icing, a cold circulation air flow Ac is sent to the cold corner 2 K which makes it possible to be certain that the exchanger heat 2 does not freeze in very cold weather The freezing of heat exchanger 2 can be prevented by a relatively small amount of air flow Ac, which does not significantly weaken the thermal efficiency of the unit 10, which does not cause changes brutal cations of the incoming and outgoing air currents, and does not entail the need to use

  complicated branch and shut-off systems.

  According to FIG. 2, the operation of the unit 10 is controlled by common control and drive devices 13 for the outgoing air 18 and outside air fans 3, which devices 13 are controlled by the temperature detector 13 mounted in section 16 c of the exhaust air duct The supplied air fan 5 is controlled by the control and drive device 14 The control and drive system of the unit 10 is integrated in its together and arranged so that during use, the heating and ventilation corresponding to the needs of the moment can be produced without any disadvantageous draw and so that the quantity of air supplied can be kept constant by the determined regulation position of the fan of air supplied 5, although the quantity of outside air is increased The speeds of rotation of the fans 3, 5, 18 can advantageously be programmed so as to be continuously regulated and controllable by the control and drive devices 13, 14 and advantageously according to suitable inverse relationships so that the heating and ventilation of the

  apartments are made each time in an appropriate manner.

  The pressure diagram in FIG. 4 shows the operation of the unit 10 according to the invention and the characteristic pressure ratios relating to it. On the diagram, the pressure is plotted on the vertical axis and on the horizontal axis and from left the inlet piping system-assembly-outlet pipelines The pressure levels of the incoming air and the circulating air are represented by solid lines at various locations of the pipelines and the assembly In a similar way , the pressure levels corresponding to the air used are shown by dashed lines The pressure levels of the bypass current Ac in the defrost pipe 20 of the heat exchanger 2 are shown in dashed lines What is essential for the construction of the unit 10 of the invention and for its operation is the determination of the ratio between the pressure losses of the path of the circulating air and the path of the air supplied, so that the ratio between the air streams mentioned changes without a separate regulator so that the air fan 5 receives with sufficient precision a constant quantity of air This is shown in FIG. 4 by the constant pressure region VPA which prevails in the pipe section 21 e situated on the suction side of the supplied air fan 5, with which is connected

  the duct of the outdoor air fan 5 on the pressure side.

  In Figure 4, / \ P 3 represents the pressure difference caused by the outdoor air fan 3 and 5 P 5 the pressure difference

  produced by the supply air fan 5.

  The pressure difference produced by the exhaust air fan 18 is designated in Lj P 18 in Figure 4 The control of the exhaust air fan 18 is performed by the unit 13 as explained above at the same time as the control linked to it of the outdoor air fan 3 The fans 3 and 5 are regulated so that they have different control positions represented for the outdoor air fan by the points a 2, a 3 and a 4 ( pressure levels in the pipe sections 22 c) and for the air fan supplied by points b 2, b 3 and b 4 (pressure levels in the pipe section 15 a) as well as for the air brought by points c 2, c 3 and c 4 (pressure levels for the pipe section 15 b) As can be seen in Figure 4, the pressure zone VPA remains substantially constant despite the mentioned modifications of the operating points and, which is also imp ortant, below the zero level Thus, there always prevails on the suction side of the supplied air fan 5 a depression of substantially constant importance, which makes it possible to be certain that the direction of the flow of circulating air AK of the system

  is always directed towards unit 10 and not in the opposite direction.

Claims (9)

  1 heating and ventilation unit (10), in particular a unit specific to apartments in two or more storey houses, consisting of one or more radiators (7), to which thermal energy is supplied from a heat source external (11), and the unit (10) comprises a fan (3) for the outside air, a fan (18) for the outgoing air and a fan (5) for the supplied air, the supplied air being blown by supplied air pipes (15) using the ventilator recently mentioned in the radiators (7) of the unit, characterized in that the mentioned heating and ventilation unit (10) is integrated in a compact assembly unit comprising the fans mentioned (3, 5, 18) and the air ducts present therebetween, in that in the heating and ventilation unit mentioned (10) the pressure side (22 d ) of the outdoor air fan is connected to the suction side (20 e) of the supply air fan é (5), to which is further connected the circulation air duct (21 a-21 c) belonging to the unit (10), and in that the flow resistances of the individual internal air ducts of the unit (10) is dimensioned and / or adjusted so that on the pressure side of the external air fan (3) mentioned and on the suction side of the supplied air fan (5), which are connected together, prevails a substantially constant vacuum (VPA) at different operating points so that the direction of the flow (Ak) of the circulating air remains directed towards the unit (10) despite the various   quantities of air which vary from each other.   2 unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure losses of the circulation air path and the supplied air path mounted in the unit are adjusted by the dimensioning of the mentioned paths relative to each other so that without separate regulation, the ratio between the air currents of the mentioned routes is changed so that the supplied air fan (5) maintains a substantially constant amount of air in each regulation position.   3 Unit according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that   the unit (10) comprises a heat exchanger (2) mounted in the exhaust air duct (16), and preferably a heat exchanger with cross-current plates, by which the thermal energy contained in the air leaving (Ap) of the unit is transmitted to air brought (Ain) from unit (10).   4 Unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the cold corner (2 K) of the mentioned heat exchanger (2) is equipped with a protection system against icing, which is constituted by a bypass pipe (20 ) starting from an overpressure flow line (15 b) of the heated supplied air (AL), line through which the heated air in the unit (10) is directed as bypass current (Ac) in the cold corner (2 K) of the heat exchanger (2).   Unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the bypass current (Ac) is controlled using an installation with regulator and / or shut-off valve (20 b, 20 c), which installation (20 b, 20 c) advantageously receives its control pulses (20 b, 20 c) from a temperature detector (20 c) mounted in the outdoor air line.   6 unit according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that   the housing of the unit (10) has substantially the shape of a rectangular prism and in that its individual air connections (15 c, 15 a, 16 e, 21 a, 22 a) are arranged in the upper wall horizontal (1 Oc) of the accommodation.   7 Unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the height H of the unit (10) is situated in the range H = 1000-1400 mm, the width L of the unit is situated in the range L = 900-1000 mm and the depth F is located in the range F = 300-500 mm, and in that the unit (10) is mounted in each apartment in a space advantageously located above the WC where it occupies practically no usable floor area.   8 unit according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that   the exhaust air duct section (16 b) and the circulating air duct section (21 b) are located one above the other in the upper part of the unit (10) in the region of a vertical wall (1 Oa), in that above the lower wall (l Ob) of the unit is provided the circulation air duct section (21 c) in which is mounted the circulation air filter (4), in that in the other vertical wall (l Oa) of the unit (10) are provided, starting from the bottom, the start end of the circulation air pipe ( 21 c), the supply air fan (5), one or more supply air radiators (7), the section (15 b) located on the pressure side of the supply air line and one or more pipes (15 c) for the heated supplied air (AL) and in that the heat exchanger (2) is located against the said radiator (s) (7), and above the latter the outlet air duct (16 a) and the tubing of supplied air (22 a) and below the heat exchanger (2) the outgoing air fan (18) and on its suction side the pipe section (7 c) as well as the section (22 b ) from the supply air duct, which is connected with the duct section (22 c) located on the suction side of the air fan exterior (3).   9 Unit according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that   the entire unit (10) is mounted in a housing of unitary construction and advantageously being in the form of a rectangular prism, which is provided with the necessary noise damping so that the noise level of the unit (10) caused by the fans (3, 5, 18) and the drafts is low enough that the noise level does not limit the arrangement of the unit (10) which is optimal for the rest.   10 Unit according to Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that   that a heating and ventilation system for a two-storey house is constituted by the assembly of the units mentioned (10), each apartment being equipped with a heating and ventilation unit (10) which is specific to it, to which is connected a supply air duct (22 K) assigned to the apartment, and the unit (10) receiving advantageously and at least in part the air exiting through the hood   exhaust air (16) from the kitchen (Figure 1).