FI92525C - Ventilation heating unit - Google Patents

Description

5,92525

Ventilation heating unit Ventilations-uppvårmningsenhet

The invention relates to a ventilation-heating unit, in particular an apartment-specific unit for apartment buildings, comprising a heating coil or coils to which heat energy is conducted from an external heat source, and each unit comprising an outdoor fan via supply air connections, and each ventilation heating unit is integrated into a compact switchgear unit comprising the aforementioned fans and the air ducts between them.

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In connection with the state of the art closely related to the invention, reference is made to Flåkt Ab's trademark "TERMOVENT" for marketing a ventilation-heating system comprising separate air heating units and a heat exchanger connected to the exhaust air. In addition to other problems, these long pipe runs cause difficulties in obtaining a satisfactory level of sound insulation for the system.

With regard to the state of the art related to the present invention, reference is also made to F1 patent 86768 (applicant and inventor Esa Jaaksi).

It is a general object of the present invention to provide a ventilation heating unit, in particular an apartment-specific unit for apartment buildings, by means of which fresh air can be supplied to the apartment without drafts 30, while taking care of the heating as required. In addition, the general object of the invention is to further develop the state of the art and to eliminate the drawbacks therein, such as difficulties due to the fragmentation of the system structure and the variations in the relatively long channels and their lengths connecting different parts of the system.

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It is a further object of the invention to provide such a unit which is integrated and compact in such a way that it takes up as little space as possible for the hybrid floor area of the dwelling.

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It is a further object of the invention to provide such a unit, the internal pressure ratios of which can be adjusted so that the operation of the unit is in accordance with the set objectives despite the mutual variations of the different air volumes.

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It is a particular object of the invention to provide such a unit in which the amount of supply air can be kept substantially constant at a certain supply position of the supply fan, even if the amount of outdoor air is increased.

10 In order to achieve the objectives set out above and which will be explained later, the invention is essentially characterized in that in said unit the pressure side of its outdoor air fan is connected to the suction side of the supply air fan. dimensioned and / or set so that on the pressure side of said outdoor fan and on the suction side of the supply air fan, which are connected to each other, a certain substantially constant vacuum prevails at different controllable operating points of the unit so that the flow direction of the recirculated air remains different

According to the invention, there is provided an integrated and compact ventilation heating unit, and said units can be assembled, in particular, in a ventilation heating system for apartment buildings, by means of which the above-mentioned contacts present in previously known systems can be substantially eliminated.

In the invention, the amount of supply air can be kept substantially constant at a certain supply position of the supply air fan, even if the amount of air to be taken from the outside is increased. In order to achieve this, the pressure losses of the recirculating air path and the supply air path in the unit according to the invention are set and dimensioned in such a way that, without a separate controller, the ratio of the air flows of said routes changes so that the supply air fan is sufficiently accurate.

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The solution according to the invention is made possible in part by the integrated structure of the fans and their operating system, whereby the operating areas and co-operation of the different fans can be defined and then kept in accordance with the settings. This is a significant advantage over previously known solutions in which the inlet fan is in a separate unit and the pressure ratios vary from apartment to apartment depending on the mutual distances of the different units, the dimensioning of the air paths and the structures.

10 When using the unit according to the invention, a small vacuum can always be maintained in the apartment, thus preventing possible moisture damage to the structures.

In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to some application examples of the invention shown in the figures of the accompanying drawing, to the details of which the invention is in no way narrowly limited.

Figure 1 schematically shows a ventilation heating system of an apartment building composed of ventilation-heating units according to the invention.

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Figure 2 shows an internal and external circuit diagram of an air exchange heating unit according to the invention.

Figure 3 shows a vertical cross-section of an integrated ventilation heating unit according to the invention.

Fig. 4 shows a pressure-level diagram of a ventilation-heating unit according to the invention, in which the vertical axis is the pressure level and the horizontal axis is the various points of the air flow channels of the unit.

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Figure 1 schematically shows a ventilation building heating system consisting of ventilation heating units 10 (hereinafter unit) according to the invention. Each of the different apartments on the floors Kx and K2 has its own unit 10, into which the outdoor air is introduced per apartment in the direction of those lines, usually via a relatively short inlet pipe 22K, to the supply air connection 22a of the unit 10 (Figure 3). Exhaust air is taken out via exhaust pipes 16, preferably a cooker hood 16, and led through an apartment-specific duct 16K to the exhaust air connection 16a of the unit 10. Jåteilma removed from each yksikostå 10 through the channel 24 in the direction of the arrow Aout through jåteilmahormin 24, which is connected to the conduit 16e.

5 In the unit 10, recirculated air is taken together via 21a in the direction of the arrows AK from one or more points of the apartment. Figure 1 further shows zone heating devices 25 connected to the co-operator via the units 10, such as floor heating devices and air exchange devices for basement spaces Kq, which comprise an exhaust air connection 26a, an exhaust air duct 10 and a top extractor 27.

The ventilation heating unit 10 according to the invention is integrated in one compact housing (Fig. 3) with vertical walls 10a, a bottom wall 10b and a top wall 10c, as well as a bottom and cover wall, the latter being openable for maintenance. The upper wall 10c of the unit 10 is connected to the air duct connections 15c, 16a, 16e, 21a and 22a entering the unit 10. The height of the unit 10 is denoted by H, the width by L and the depth by S. Said dimensions are typically selected from the ranges: H = 1000-1400 mm, L = 900-1000 mm and S - 300-500 mm. Thus, the unit 20 10 is compact and can be placed on an apartment-by-apartment basis in apartment buildings, e.g. in the space above the toilet, where it does not take up usable floor space.

The housing of the unit 10 described above is provided internally with the necessary • sound insulation (not shown) so that the noise level from the airflows and fans 3,5,18 of the unit 10 is so small that the unit can be placed in the apartment outside the unit 10. to the otherwise optimal location for pipe drafts and the space taken up by the unit 10. When the air streams in the unit according to the invention flow mainly vertically from top to bottom, the treatment and removal of water condensing from these air streams does not present any particular difficulties.

FIGURES 1-3 of the unit 10 is brought outside air in the direction of the arrow Aln 35 through the outdoor air filter 1, which supply air siirretåån one

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5 92525 via tea 22a to cross-flow plate heat exchanger 2. In heat exchanger 2, the heat energy contained in the exhaust air Aout is recovered from the exhaust air. Låmmonsiirtimen 2 låhtopuolen channel portion 22b tuloilmavir-purity Ai goes to 3, the outdoor air 3 on the suction side hen-5 vaosaan Figure 22c and be interline further fan 3, a pressure increase ΔΡ3 (Figure 4) Thereafter the pressure-side channel portion 22d, which is connected to tuloilraapuhal-carrier 5 on the suction side channel portion 21e.

The recirculating air flow AK is taken through the inlet connection 21a of the unit 10, from where it 10 passes through the duct 21 delimited by the vertical wall 10a of the housing of the unit 10 to its part 21b. 21, the channel portion 21c of the circulation air flow moves on to the unit 10 koteion its bottom wall 10b ylåpuolella chicken vaosan 21c via the inlet air filter 4 låpi våliseinåmån lOd through the opening 21d of the supply air duct 5 of the suction portion 21e, which must also be 15 outside the inlet air flow Al n. After the pressure increase ΔΡ5 of the supply air fan 5 (Fig. 4), the air flow Aink passes through the duct section 15a through the supply air filter 6 to the supply air heating coils 7, where it is warmed. The heated supply air flow AL passes to the duct section 15b and from there via the supply air connections 15c of the unit 10 to the supply air devices 15, from which heated fresh air is blown into different rooms in the direction of the arrows AL.

The supply air fan 5 is used to set the amount of heated supply air AL required for heating, which is selected according to the size of the apartment and the heating need. The amount of supply air AL is constant during the heating season. The constant air volume is a prerequisite for the success of the temperature control, as this prevents the formation of supply air temperature differences, fluctuations in the air flows and possible draft drawbacks. The supply air AL consists of the air Ain supplied by the outdoor fan 3, which varies according to the weather, as well as the recirculated air A 1, which is taken in through the recirculation duct 21.

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According to Figure 2, a heating source 11, e.g. district heating, is connected to the heating coils 7. As is known in the art, the heat transfer system between the heating coils 7 and the heat source 11 comprises a piping 23, a circulating water pump 19 and a heating circulating water differential pressure controller 19a. In addition, the control devices 8 of the supply air heating coils 7 are connected to the piping 23, which receive their control pulses from, for example, a temperature sensor 8a having a mass of 6 92525 in the mass of the exhaust air devices 16a. The heating radiators 7 can be connected to a heat source other than district heating, e.g. a house-specific heating center, or electric heating can be used as the heating source.

5 If the temperature measured by the exhaust air Aout sensor 13a is lower than the preset limit value, the control and operating device 13 stops the outdoor fan 3. When the exhaust air Aout temperature rises again above the preset temperature limit 3, the outdoor air is restarted. The control and operating device 13 controls both the outdoor air fan 3 10 and the exhaust air fan 18 to co-operate so that a small vacuum is maintained in the apartment, which can prevent possible moisture damage to the structures caused by the overpressure.

The cold corner 2K of the cross-current plate heat exchanger 2 of the unit 10 is exposed to freezing on the pack-15 bridge. Cold supply air Ain condenses and freezes the exhaust air water to this corner 2K, where the water freezes, because the exhaust air flow Aout is not sufficient to keep the temperature of that corner 2K above zero. In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawback, an air bypass duct 20 is connected to the heating air duct 15b after the heating coils 7, which is connected together 20a to the duct part 15b and via the supply and shut-off device 20b to the cold corner 2 of the heat exchanger 2. According to Fig. 2, the supply shut-off device 20b of the bypass duct 20 is controlled by a temperature sensor 20c arranged in connection with the supply air flow Ain. In the event of a risk of freezing, a bypass, 25 flow Ac, is controlled in the cold corner 2K.

According to Fig. 2, the operation of the unit 10 is controlled by the common control and operating devices 13 of the exhaust 18 and the outdoor air fans 3, which are controlled by a temperature sensor 13a located in the exhaust air duct part 16c. The supply air-30 fan 5 is controlled by a control and drive device 14. The control and drive system of the unit 10 as a whole is so integrated and arranged that it can be used to provide the necessary heating and ventilation without harmful draft so that the supply air volume can be kept constant. with the supply air fan 5 35 in the supply position, even if the amount of outdoor air is increased. The speeds of the fans 3,5,18 are programmed by the control and operating devices 13,14 to be adjusted and adjusted stepwise in suitable relative proportions so as to provide the appropriate apartment-specific heating and ventilation.

The pressure diagram of Figure 4 illustrates the operation of the unit 10 according to the invention and the pressure ratios essential to it. The diagram shows the pressure on the vertical axis and the input duct-switchgear-output duct on the horizontal axis from the left. The whole line shows the pressure levels of the supply air and the recirculated air at different points in the ductwork and switchgear. Correspondingly, corresponding pressure levels in the exhaust air are shown with dashed line 10. The pressure levels of the bypass flow Ac of the melting channel 20 of the heat exchanger 2 are shown on the dashed line. It is essential in the structure of the unit 10 according to the invention and in the operation performed by it to define the pressure losses of the recirculating air path and the supply air path so that without a separate controller 15 the ratio of said air flows changes so that the supply air fan 5 obtains with sufficient accuracy. TAATAAAT Figure 4 illustrates the constant pressure region of VPA, which exists tuloilmapuhal-carrier 5 on the suction side of the duct 21e, to which the outdoor air three pressure-side channel is associated. In Fig. 4, ΔΡ3 represents the pressure difference caused by the outdoor air fan 3 20 and ΔΡ5 represents the pressure difference caused by the supply air fan 5.

The pressure difference caused by the exhaust air fan 18 is shown in Fig. 4 by reference ΔΡ1β. The exhaust air fan 18 is controlled by the unit 13 25 as described above, together with the control of the outdoor air fan 3. The fans 3 and 5 are thus adjustable in that they have different control positions, which are represented by points a2, a3 and a <for the outdoor air fan (pressure levels in the duct section 22c) and points b2, b3 and bi for the supply air fan 5; (pressure levels in the duct section 15a) and for the supply air points 30 c2, c3 jc c <, (pressure levels in the duct section 15b). As can be seen in Figure 4, despite the changes in said operating points, the VPA pressure in the region remains substantially constant and, importantly, below zero. Thus, there is always a negative pressure on the suction side of the supply air fan 5, the value of which is substantially constant, which ensures that the direction AK of the circulating air flow of the system is always maintained up to the unit size 10 and does not change in the opposite direction.

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The following are claims which, within the scope of the inventive idea defined by it, the various details of the invention may vary and differ from those set forth above by way of example only.

Claims (3)

9,92525 A ventilation heating unit (10), in particular an apartment-specific unit for apartment buildings, comprising a heating coil 5 or radiators (7) to which heat energy is conducted from an external heat source (11), and each unit (10) comprises an outdoor fan ), an exhaust air fan (18) and a supply air fan (5), the latter of which blows supply air through the supply air connections (15) through the heating radiators (7) of the unit, and which ventilation-heating unit (10) is integrated with the aforementioned fans (3). 5,18) and the air ducts between them as a compact switchgear unit, characterized in that in said unit (10) the pressure side (22d) of its outdoor air fan is connected to the suction side (21e) of the supply air fan (5), which is further connected to the unit (10) 15 circulating air ducts (21a-21c) and that the flow resistances of the various air ducts inside the unit (10) are so dimensioned and / or set that said ul on the pressure side of the co-air blower (3) and on the suction side of the supply air blower (5), which are connected to each other, a certain substantially constant negative pressure (VPA) prevails at different controllable operating points of the unit (10) so that the recirculated air flow direction (AK) remains different despite the mutual variations, the unit (10) is oriented towards the head. A unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure defects of the recirculating air path and the supply air path within the unit are set to each other by dimensioning said paths so that the airflow ratio of said paths changes substantially without . 30 A unit according to claim 1 or 2, in the upper part of which, close to its second vertical wall (10a), there is an overlapping part of the exhaust air duct (16b) and a recirculating air duct part (21b) with a recirculating air duct part (21c) above the lower wall (10b) of the unit. 35 masuodatin (4), further characterized in and working unit (10) to the second upright (10a) of the context, it is alhaaltapåin including circular air channel 10 92 525 (21c) låhtopåå, the supply air fan (5), the air supply låmmityspatteri or coils (7), an inlet duct pressure side portion (15b ) and one or more of the air supply (AL) and that said heating coil or coils (7) have an exhaust air connection (16a) and a supply air connection (22a) and a lamina exchanger (2) adjacent to the air conveyor (2) and above it. is an exhaust air blower (18) and the suction passage portion (16c) correctly with the inlet duct portion (22b) which is connected to the ulkoilmapuhal-converter (3), the suction duct portion (22c). 10 li 11 92525