FR3016204A1 - VENTILATION AND AIR TREATMENT INSTALLATION FOR A LOCAL - Google Patents

Abstract

This installation (2) ventilation and air treatment for local (L) comprises a double-flow heat exchanger (4), comprising a first channel (4A) and a second channel (4B) and between which are exchanged (4C), when the installation operates in dual flow mode, a distribution plenum (10) connected to the output (42) of the first channel (4A) and connected to the lines (C2, C3, C4) of supply of fresh air into rooms (12, 13, 15) of the room (L) and a fan (18) able to maintain the flow of air to the distribution plenum (10). The installation further comprises means for modifying the operation of the single-flow double flow air treatment installation and vice versa, including fresh air inlets (30) in the rooms (12, 13, 15). of the room (L), adjustable between a closed position, corresponding to the dual flow operation of the installation (2), and an open position, corresponding to the simple flow operation of the installation (2), and means (100 ) stopping and starting the fan (18).

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation and air treatment installation for a room, such as a collective, individual or tertiary dwelling.

It is known, particularly from EP-A-1 999 412, to equip the collective dwellings with air treatment and dual flow ventilation installations, in which a fresh air flow sucked out of the dwelling. by a fan is conducted in a double-flow heat exchanger, in which also circulates a stream extracted parts of the housing by another fan. Thermal exchanges take place between the two flows so that the flow of fresh air captures calories from the extracted air flow, in order to preheat or fresh air fresh air entering the housing. A dual-flow air handling and ventilation system requires a stale air exhaust fan from the interior of the housing, which is most often for safety reasons, especially in case of fire, and construction standards, integrated into a common multi-unit extraction box, and a fan, generally common to several housings, for supplying fresh air to the interior of the housing. Such a system also includes a dual flow heat exchanger which can be common to several dwellings or collective. In addition to this blowing fan, a dual flow air treatment system also includes electric actuators whose energy consumption is not negligible. If, however, a double flow system is satisfactory during the cold period, the energy recovery potentials in the temperate regions are low or even zero during part of the year. Over a large proportion of the year, the dual-flow operation involves the electrical consumption of a relatively large number of electrical devices or auxiliaries, including the blower fan, while the dual-flow operation with heat recovery in the heat pump. exchanger is not of interest. It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy by proposing a new ventilation and air treatment installation for a room, which is better adapted to the different climatic configurations and allows energy savings while guaranteeing comfort. optimal. To this end, the invention relates to a ventilation and air treatment plant for premises, comprising: a double-flow heat exchanger, comprising a first channel and a second channel each provided with an inlet and an outlet, and between which thermal exchanges take place, when the installation operates in double flow mode, - a suction mouth of a fresh air flow in a wall of the room, connected to the entrance of the first channel, - a distribution plenum connected to the outlet of the first channel, the plenum comprising several mouths to which fresh air supply lines are connected in rooms of the room, - a ventilator able to maintain the circulation of air towards the plenum of distribution - air extraction mouths in at least one room of the room, connected to the inlet of the second channel, - an air extraction device connected to the output of the second channel. This installation is characterized in that it furthermore comprises means for modifying the operation of the single-flow double flow air treatment installation and vice versa, including: - fresh air inlets in the rooms of the room adjustable between a closed position, corresponding to the dual flow operation of the installation, and an open position, corresponding to the simple flow operation of the installation, and - means for stopping and starting the fan. Thanks to the invention, the operation of the installation can be changed from double flow to single flow and reciprocally, which allows, when the heat exchange between the fresh air flow and the flow of exhaust air are not necessary , for example during the summer season, to save the energy consumed by the devices implemented by the dual flow operation of the installation. According to advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the invention, such an air treatment installation may incorporate one or more of the following features, taken in any technically permissible combination: - The air inlets in the rooms are manually adjustable. - The air inlets in the rooms are adjustable by a controlled motor. - The installation comprises means for diverting the extracted air flow out of exchange means of the exchanger, when the installation operates in single flow mode. The means for modifying the operation of the single-flow dual-flow air treatment installation are able to be triggered manually. The means for modifying the operation of the single-flow dual-flow air treatment installation are able to be triggered automatically. - The installation includes an air recirculation system capable of capturing a flow of air in one or more rooms of the room and mixing it with the air entering the plenum of distribution upstream of the fan, while the fan is able to provide an additional air flow corresponding to the flow rate of recycled air. - The recycling system is able to control the quality of the air entering the plenum and to purify and / or filter the air entering the plenum. - The installation includes air diffusers out of the distribution plenum in rooms of the room, while these diffusers are equipped with heat exchangers able to transfer to the flow of air diffused a certain amount of heat energy. - The double flow heat exchanger and the fan are included in a box installed in the room's toilets, while the plenum of distribution and, pipes that bring fresh air to the rooms of the room are installed in a false floor or a false ceiling of the room. The installation comprises an adiabatic module able to cool the extracted air flow by humidification in order to cool the flow of fresh air into the exchanger. - The installation includes a heat pump capable of transferring heat energy from the extracted air flow to the fresh air flow at the outlet of the exchanger. The installation comprises means for closing off the fresh air intake opening.

The invention also relates to a method of controlling a ventilation and air treatment plant as mentioned above. This method is characterized in that it comprises, during the passage in single flow mode, steps of verifying that the fresh air inlets in the rooms are open before the shutdown of the fan.

The invention also relates to a method of controlling a ventilation and air treatment plant as mentioned above. This method is characterized in that it comprises, during the passage in dual flow mode, steps of verifying that the fresh air inlets in the rooms are closed before the fan is switched on.

The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of a ventilation installation and air treatment in accordance with its principle, made by way of example non-limiting with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagram of an installation according to a first embodiment of the invention, in a first configuration; - Figure 2 is a similar view. in Figure 1, in a second configuration, - Figure 3 is a front view of an installation according to a second embodiment of the invention, - Figure 4 is a side view of the installation of the FIG. 3. The ventilation and air treatment system 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is integrated in a room, such as a housing L, and comprises a double-flow heat exchanger 4. The double-flow heat exchanger 4 comprises a first channel 4A comprising an input 41 and an output 42 and a channel 4B comprising an input 43 and an output 44. In the center of the exchanger 4, 4C exchange devices allows heat exchange between the channel 4A and the 4B channel, for example by means of plates, microchannels or any other suitable technique. The inlet 41 is fluidly connected to a fresh air suction mouth 6 outside, formed in an outer wall M of the housing L. A fresh air flow F1 flows in a pipe C1 between the mouth 6 and the entry 41. A register 8 makes it possible to open or close the pipe Cl.

A distribution plenum 10 is connected to the outlet 42. The plenum 10 has several outlets 10a, 10b and 10c to which are connected ducts C2, C3 and C4 fresh air supply that can convey the air nine in rooms of the housing L, for example rooms 12 and 13 and a living room 15. The plenum 10 is connected to the outlet 42 through a pipe C5 on which a fan 18 is connected. The fan 18 is able to maintain the flow of air to the plenum 10, from the outlet 42. In doing so, the fan 18 also allows air to be drawn through the mouth 6 to the inlet 41 and into the channel 4A. The fan 18 also serves to maintain the flow of air towards the chambers 12 and 13 and the living room 15.

The fan 18 is controlled by a control unit 100 adapted via an electrical signal S100, to start or stop its rotation, and to control its rotation speed to change the air flow in the pipe C5. The accommodation L also includes a bathroom 20, a kitchen 21, and unrepresented toilets. In these rooms, in which the air is potentially stale due to moisture or impurities related to the kitchen, the air is extracted by means of extraction ports 23 and 25. These mouths 23 and 25 are connected to the entrance 43 by a pipe C6. At the outlet of the second channel 4B, the air extracted from the bathroom 20 and the kitchen 21 is extracted from the housing by an air extraction device 28, which is common to several housings L, via a pipe C7 . Several pipes C7, connected to several housings L not shown, are connected to the extraction device 28. The device 28 comprises a fan 29 allowing the extraction of air from several dwellings and is able to carry out a smoke extraction of the dwellings. fire. The air treatment unit 2 is capable of operating in a double flow, that is to say when a fresh air flow F1 is sucked from outside the housing L to be blown into the rooms of the housing. L, while a stream of extracted air F2 is sucked into at least one of the rooms of the housing L, here the bathroom 20 and the kitchen 21, and evacuated from the housing. Heat exchanges take place between the air flows F1 and F2 within the devices 4C, so that the fresh air flow F1 is heated by the recovery of the thermal energy contained in the extracted air flow F2. Such an operation is particularly advantageous in winter, the extracted air flow F2 being at a temperature higher than the fresh air flow F1. Outside the winter period, when the difference between the indoor temperature and the outside temperature is low or when the outside temperature is higher than the inside temperature, the energy recovery by heat exchange in the exchanger 4 loses its interest because the dual flow operation of the installation 2 represents a significant energy consumption over a significant period of the year, especially because of the fan 18. To avoid this power consumption, the installation 2 is able to pass a mode of dual flow operation to a simple flow mode of operation, shown in Figure 2. The installation 2 comprises for this purpose means for changing the operation of the installation 2 single flux stream. These means comprise fresh air inlets F1 outside the housing L, in particular in the walls of the chambers 12, 13 and the living room 15. These air inlets 30 are advantageously mounted in openings made, for example, in the window frames of these rooms. The means for modifying the operation of the single-flow dual flow installation 2 also comprise means for stopping the fan 18, formed by the control unit 100. By activating the intake of fresh air through the air inlets. 30 and by stopping the rotation of the fan 18, the installation 2 operates in a single flow, the air extracted by the device 28 being compensated by the intake of fresh air through the air inlets 30. No flow of air air flows between the mouth 6 and the distribution plenum 10, which saves the electrical energy consumed by the fan 18 in dual flow mode. Optionally, the installation 2 comprises means for closing the mouth 6, formed by the register 8, for stopping the intake of fresh air F1 during the passage in single flow mode.

Optionally, the installation 2 also comprises means for bypassing the extracted air flow F2 outside the exchange means 4C of the exchanger 4, including a bypass, formed for example by a bypass channel 5 directly connecting the input 43 and the output 44 without passing through the exchange means 4C, as shown in Figure 2. The fact that the heat exchange does not take place in the exchanger 4 when the installation 2 operates in single flow reduces the pressure drop of the flow of the extracted air flow F2, and the power consumption of the extraction system 28.

The air inlets 30 may be in a closed configuration, which corresponds to the dual flow operation of the installation 2, or in an open configuration, corresponding to the simple flow operation of the installation 2. The air inlets 30 can be manually operated by an occupant of the housing L, when it considers that the operation of the installation can be changed, or on recommendation of a manager of the housing L. Alternatively, the air inlets 30 can be adjustable by a motor controlled by the means provided to change the operation of the single-flow double flow air treatment plant. According to an optional aspect of the invention, in their open configuration, the air inlets 30 can be adjusted so as to pass a variable air flow depending on the hygrometry, or a fixed air flow. The operation of plant 2 can be changed manually. As a variant, the operation of the installation 2 can be modified automatically, for example on the basis of unrepresented temperature sensors, and / or by means of a connection to a network able to supply meteorological data. In the case where the operation of the installation 2 is automatically modified, the control unit 100 may be able to control, via electrical signals, the passage of the air inlets 30 of the open to closed configuration, and vice versa. The control unit 100 may also be able to control the position of the register 8, and / or the passage of the airflow F2 in the bypass channel 5. For reasons of proper operation of the ventilation of the installation 2 when switching from the dual flow mode to the single flow mode, the air inlets 30 must be opened prior to the shutdown of the fan 18. In the case where the installation 2 comprises a damper 8 to close the mouth 6, the fan 18 must be stopped before closing the register 8.

When switching from single flow mode to dual flow mode, the start of the fan 18 must precede the closing of the air inlets 30. In the case where the installation 2 comprises a register 8 to close the mouth 6, the register 8 must be open prior to the start of the fan 18. The control unit 100 verifies all these conditions and is able to implement these steps. The operation of the installation 2 can be modified automatically by a centralized control accessible to the occupant of the housing L, for example by means of a control actuator of the control unit 100. By this centralized control, the occupant can in particular force the passage in single flow mode when the housing L is unoccupied. According to optional aspects of the invention, the installation 2 comprises an air recirculation system adapted to capture an air flow F3 in one or more rooms of the housing, for example the living room 15, and to mix it to the air entering the plenum 10 upstream of the fan 18. The system comprises for this purpose a mixing chamber 32 interposed between the outlet 42 and the fan 18, an extraction mouth 34 and a duct C8 connecting the mouth 34 in the chamber 32. A constant flow damper 36 is connected to the pipe C8 and acts as a flow regulator so that the air flow blown into the rooms is constant. The mixing chamber 32 comprises a register 320 adapted to allow or not the passage of the air flow F3 in the mixing chamber 32. When the air recirculation is activated, the register 320 is open and the speed of rotation of the fan 18 is increased to allow the circulation of air at an additional rate corresponding to the flow of recycled air. The recycling system allows, on an instruction of an occupant of the housing L, to engage a "boost" mode to reach more quickly a set temperature of the air blown into the rooms, for example when the housing L has not been busy for some time. The "boost" mode can be activated by a occupant of the housing from the control unit 100, for example by means of a button or a remote control. According to an optional aspect, the recycling system may be able to control the quality of the recycled air and to purify and / or filter the recycled air stream F3, for example by means of an unrepresented filter integrated into the chamber of 32. The recycling system may also include a pollution sensor capable of triggering an air purification system. As shown only in FIG. 1, in order to heat the air more efficiently in the rooms of the housing L, and in a differentiated way, the installation 2 comprises diffusers 52 of fresh air in the rooms of the housing L. These diffusers 52 are equipped with exchangers 54 able to transfer to the flow of air diffused in each room a certain amount of heat energy according to a set temperature automatically or manually set by an occupant of the housing L. The exchangers 54 are part a heat-fluid circuit comprising a control system 56 able to send to each heat exchanger 54 a quantity of heat transfer fluid as a function of a set temperature in each part of the housing L. As a variant, not shown, the exchangers 54 may be placed at the outlet of the plenum 10, and for example associated with the outlets 10a, 10b and 10c. The diffusers 52 and the pipes C2, C3 and C4 can be integrated in a false floor or in a false ceiling of the housing L. For a better understanding of the operation of the installation 2, the parts 12, 13 and 15, which are represented at the level of the air intakes 30 in the upper right part of FIGS. 1 and 2, are also represented by discontinuous lines which surround the diffusers 52.

The double-flow heat exchanger 4, the fan 18 and the distribution plenum 10 are included in a box 39 installed in a technical compartment of the housing L, for example in a false ceiling. Alternatively not shown, the fan 18 may be outside the housing L, for example on the roof of a building containing the housing L.

According to an optional aspect of the invention shown in FIG. 1, the installation 2 may comprise an adiabatic module 45 implanted in the exchanger 4, between the inlet 43 and the exchange means 4C. The purpose of the adiabatic module 45 is to humidify the extracted air F2 passing through the channel 4B, for example by spraying a quantity of water, in order to cool the extracted air F2. In summer configuration, the adiabatic module 45 thus makes it possible, by switching to dual flow mode, to cool the fresh air flow F1 in the exchange means 4C. The activation of the adiabatic module 45 and the changeover to dual flow mode can be controlled automatically from the control unit 100. A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. realization, the elements common to the first embodiment have the same references and operate in the same way. Only the differences with respect to the first embodiment are detailed below. The embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 differs from that of Figures 1 and 2 in that the distribution plenum 10 is not included in the box 39, but is installed in a subfloor 50 of the housing L below 39. The box 39 is installed in a toilet wall 16 of the housing L, above a flushing system 160. The toilet 16 are placed next to the bathroom 20 and separated from the toilet. cooking 21 by a technical sheath 22 in which passes C7 to the extraction system 28 which is not shown in Figures 3 and 4. Alternatively not shown, the room may also include offices, rooms of hotels, etc.

According to an embodiment not shown, each room may be equipped with an extraction device 28. In such a case, the exchanger 4 may be provided with an exhaust fan 29 in the compartment 4B. According to another embodiment not shown of the invention, the exchanger 4 may be equipped with a heat pump capable of capturing heat energy in the extracted air stream F2 at the outlet of the channel 4B and at the transfer to the fresh air flow F1 at the outlet of the channel 4A, in order to reheat it. This heat pump can be started and controlled by the control unit 100. The technical features of the embodiments and variants described above can be combined to form new embodiments of the invention. .

Claims (15)

CLAIMS1.- Installation (2) ventilation and air treatment for room (L), comprising: - a double-flow heat exchanger (4), comprising a first channel (4A) and a second channel (4B) each provided with an input (41, 43) and an output (42, 44), and between which heat exchanges (4C) occur, when the installation operates in dual flow mode, - a mouth (6) of suction of a fresh air flow (F1) in a wall (M) of the room (L), connected to the inlet (41) of the first channel (4A), - a distribution plenum (10) connected to the outlet (42) of the first channel (4A), the plenum (10) having a plurality of mouths (10a, 10b, 10c) to which are connected ducts (C2, C3, C4) for introducing fresh air into rooms (12). , 13, 15) of the room (L), - a fan (18) adapted to maintain the flow of air to the plenum (10) of distribution, - air extraction vents (23, 25) in the at least one piece (20, 21) of the room (L), connected to the entrance (43) of the cond channel (4B), - an air extraction device (28) connected to the output of the second channel (4B), characterized in that it further comprises means for modifying the operation of the treatment plant single flow flow air and reciprocally, including: - fresh air inlets (30) in the rooms (12, 13, 15) of the room (L), adjustable between a closed position, corresponding to the operation of double flow of the installation (2), and an open position, corresponding to the simple flow operation of the installation (2), and - means (100) for stopping and starting the fan (18). 2.- Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the air inlets (30) in the parts (12, 13, 15) are manually adjustable. 3.- Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the air inlets (30) in the parts (12, 13, 15) are adjustable by a controlled motor. 4.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (5) of derivation of the extracted air flow (F2) out exchange means (4c) of the exchanger (4) when the installation (2) operates in single flow mode. 5.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (30, 8, 5, 100) for changing the operation of the installation (2) for single-flow double flow air treatment are able to be triggered manually. 6.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (30, 8, 5, 100) for changing the operation of the installation (2) for single-flow double flow air treatment are able to be triggered automatically. 7.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an air recycling system (32, 34, C8) adapted to capture a flow of air (F3) in one or more rooms ( 15) of the room (L) and to mix it with the incoming air (F1) in the distribution plenum (10) upstream of the fan (18), and in that the fan (18) is able to provide a flow additional air corresponding to the flow of recycled air. 8.- Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the recycling system (32, 34, C8) is adapted to control the quality of the air (F1, F3) entering the plenum (10) and to purify and / or filter the air (F1, F3) entering the plenum (10). 9.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises diffusers (52) of the air leaving the distribution plenum (10) in the rooms (12, 13, 15) of the room (L ), and in that these diffusers (52) are provided with exchangers (56) capable of transferring to the flow of diffused air a certain amount of heat energy. 10.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the double flow heat exchanger (4) and the fan (18) are included in a box (39) installed in a toilet (16) of the local (L) , and in that the distribution plenum (10) and pipes (C2, C3, C4) which convey the fresh air (F1) to the rooms (12, 13, 15) of the room (L) are installed in a false floor (50) or false ceiling of room (L) .35 11.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an adiabatic module (45) adapted to cool the flow of extracted air (F2) by humidification to cool the flow of fresh air (F1 ) in the exchanger (4). 12.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a heat pump adapted to transfer the heat energy of the extracted air stream (F2) to the fresh air flow (F1) in outlet of the exchanger (4). 13.- Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises closing means (8) of the mouth (6) fresh air intake (F1). 14.- A method of controlling a ventilation and air treatment plant (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, during the passage in simple flow mode, steps of checking the fresh air inlets (30) in the rooms (12, 13, 15) are open before the fan (18) is switched off. 15.- A method of controlling a ventilation and air treatment plant (2) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises, during the passage in double flow mode, steps consisting of to verify that the fresh air inlets (30) in the rooms (12, 13, 15) are closed before the fan (18) is switched on.