FR2699569A1 - Shallow trench shoring using steel aluminium or similar - Google Patents

Abstract

The shoring of shallow trench excavations uses a metal section, preferably aluminium, but other types of material, particularly steel, may be used for the same strength to weight ratio. The section is roughly Sigma shaped or a channel with sloping flanges extended by angles with returns at their free ends, acting as stiffeners.The shoring is bolted and strutted with standard fittings for trenches and excavations, using namely channel section connectors and stanchions or struts. It may be erected in open angle form or closed box as required.

Description

Shoring of shallow trenches for safety has become a serious problem.

The problems can be identified as follows 1 ") the existing shoring materials are too heavy for the machines used on this occasion, and 2") often the shoring materials are insufficiently versatile to be able to cope to various situations.

Formerly, the inventor had already sought to remedy these various problems, in particular by his patent no7312237.

Although they present some almost inevitable similarities in the same author, the physical, industrial and means of use results differ completely.

The primary research concerns weight and cost price. Many variations of this application are possible. Panels of various natures, including honeycomb.

For the moment we have retained a panel, say folded or rolled board, the two faces of which are substantially equivalent in surface area forming an equilibrium along the axis X Y very favorable in strength and therefore in weight. Weight is the first objective sought.

Fig. 1 shows the section which shows that the surface AA 'is roughly equivalent to the surfaces B, B' and B ". The metal selected will be mainly aluminum but nothing prevents other choices, other materials , for the same result with the same objective of the same strength-to-weight ratio, particularly in steel in other applications. On the other hand, the profile behaves like an assembly of 2 U stiffening the ends and like two stiffening the center .

Fig. 2 shows this board (1) with its second accessory: The fixing member (2 or 3). For example, it is U-shaped, without this form being limiting. L, angles, 90 "dishes, etc.
This connecting member will firstly be provided with a connecting means (5) with the panel itself provided with one or more positions (5 and 6) themselves conforming to the working conditions and of resistance as a function of resistance. materials, welded (3), bolted and / or rotary (2) to be placed longitudinally or transversely relative to the panel. This member (2) may cover only part of the panel or cover the entire panel like (3). However, in this case, it will have to be beveled due to the particular assemblies that we will see later.

This connecting member will include at least one hole (4) for connecting the strut (7) - see FIG. 3 - and at least one hole at each end (8) for connecting the connecting elements.

The connecting members (9) of FIG. 3 have the mission of connecting two or more panels together but may be of two types
- the first to make a rigid connection in which case they will include as in FIGS. 3 and 4 the connection holes (10) for blocking by the pins (11) on the crosspieces and a hole (12) for receiving the brace. The connecting member will be appropriate for the type of cross member chosen.

 - the second (13) of FIG. 5 will constitute a flexible connection.

In both cases, the connecting member will include the number of connecting axes, preferably fixed by chain, to make the connection between panels and struts.

Fig. 6 shows an assembly of box panels in which the connecting member (9) given by way of example receives the strut (7) to clear the bottom of the trench.

Fig. 7 shows the detail of the junction when the crosspieces (3) are complete and the connection is made by the connecting member (14) of FIG. 4.

Fig. 8 shows another version of the invention in which the connecting member (9) of the
Fig. 3, of small size so as to link only two panels and possibly a strut, is replaced or complemented by another connecting member (15) of larger size covering several panels and of a size suitable for the resistance of the thrusts and the location struts - which connecting members (15) themselves receive struts (16) of greater resistance.

Two versions are envisaged - in the first case, Fig. 9, we can use a folded form of cover (17) between the wings of which will be enclosed the U of the panel and the connection between the two being by the axis (18).

- in the second case, rectangular tubes of appropriate section to push the earth knowing that for a side of constant dimension (19), going between the wings of the U
Fig. 10 and 11, there are variable height sections (20).

The connecting member (17 or 21), in all cases, will comprise the connecting means (22) with the boards (1) by means of at least one axis (18).

Likewise, FIG. 12 by a perspective view and FIG. 13 in a plan view show another connecting element (15) in which the boards (1) are used vertically and the stiffeners (15) horizontally. The struts (16) are placed at the end of the stiffeners (15). In this case, the stiffeners are calculated for the highest resistance to central thrust. In the cases of FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13, the stiffening element comprises on one side the means of fixing the panels and on the other side of the fixing means (23) for receiving the struts (16) as shown in Fig. 11.

Figs. 14, 15 and 16 show a new application of the invention in which it is a question of making four-sided shielding boxes. For this purpose, the reinforcers (17 or 21) cooperate with the boards (1) by the fixing elements (2 or 3) to form panels. The connecting elements will preferably be bevelled at the end and locked together substantially at 90 "by keys (24) by which a four-sided box will be obtained. These keys are provided, in addition to the connection means on the intensifier, suspension means These types of casing can be used in trench configurations free of any bulk. When these dimensions occur, it may be useful or necessary to use the isolated reinforcers (17 or 21) without boards mounted on it assembled in frames locked by their keys. Several frames can be hung one under the other as shown in Fig. 14 A.

In another version, the angle key (25) will be formed by a tube (27) plus L or U (26). The distance between the wings of the L or U will be equivalent to the thickness of the tubes on which the tubes (21) will be stapled to connect them to 90 ".

This key (25) will make frames as described below with the tube reinforcers, in particular to escape the transverse pipes.

We carry out a first excavation at the legal security depth (1.30 m deep in France). On the bottom of this excavation, the first horizontal frame is assembled with the four tubes, preferably bevelled, locked together by the keys (25). Each key (25) presents vertically its hollow tube at the four corners. It suffices to slide vertically in this tube another profile (28) of smaller size which we will call vertical spacing frame which will be provided with positioning means (29) in height, in this case, with holes. It will suffice to position the other keys in height, which will then receive horizontal reinforcers, in this case the tubes. In a simple and quick way, or can slide behind this frame either boards, or sheet metal, or aluminum boards. 17 is an illustration of a corner of this assembly.

In the case where this frame is made in trenches whose edges are very crumbled, it may appear necessary to maintain these same boards, sheet metal or aluminum boards vertically.

To this end, vertical guide means (49) have been developed which can slide on the horizontal support means, such as the tube (21) for example.

As such, FIG. 18 shows such a device with a single or double vertical guide arranged and spaced apart according to the width of the board, sheet pile or the like, or of the support means to be held vertically.

Fig. 19 illustrates this guide (29) with two boards (30), plan view.

In another version used with aluminum (1) or steel boards, the two folded edges (31) of the panel will serve as vertical and lateral guide means. Fig. 20 shows a removable device adaptable to the frame tubes by the pin (32). For the illustration, we have taken a U profile on which are welded on the wings, the guide means (33), for example, round bends at 90 ", knowing that the space left between the horizontal tube and the bent circles represent the vertical guide path (31) with the wings of the aluminum or steel board.

In another version in steel or aluminum, the wings of the profile will form guidance and retention both in the vertical and horizontal directions by cooperating with panels, beams or the like - Fig. 21 and 22 - Patent N "7319386 already provided for such a type of assembly but with traditional sheet piles it was necessary to work to add the guide by welding. In this profile, this guide is directly incorporated by the profiling and retains and guides itself.

Fig. 21 shows the diagram of the mounting method where the wings (31) of the profile cooperate with the wings (34) fixed on the shoring means placed longitudinally or vertically.

Fig. 23 shows by way of example a folded panel (35) forming shoring in the wings of which will be fixed the guide means (34) of the wings of the profile.

Fig. 24 shows what is called a guide cage formed by way of example of the assembly of FIG. 23 plus a rear panel (36) fixed on the front panel (35) to retain this cage at the head of the trench.

Fig. 25 shows another use of this profile (1) which has become telescopic (36). The same profiles (1 and 36) cooperate in each other longitudinally. In addition, it is possible to provide each of the profiles with guide means (38) fixed respectively on the outer wings (31) of the larger profile (1) and another guide (37) on the core of the profile (36 ) sliding inside. When folding, care should be taken that the wings of the largest profile and the core of the internal profile are in the same plane. In this way, the guides will not interfere and all the profiles will be in the same plane.

In another version, this very particular profile will cooperate with all the shielding frame devices for advancement (41) or traction by pushing of the hydraulic cylinders (39) bearing on the cutting edge of the shielding. The particular folding with the flat face (40) forms a suitable support plane that does not have the metal support profiles (sheet piles, sheet piles) and that only wooden planks allowed. It is therefore a question of extending these already known processes to larger work sites, dimensionally speaking, thanks to the high resistance and their clearance at the foot for pipes of much larger size.

Claims (1)

1 - High resistance metal plate (1) for shoring trenches and excavations characterized in that this high resistance is obtained by the bending profile substantially balanced on the surface, the surfaces A and A 'substantially equivalent to the surfaces B, B' , B "and the return B and B" behave as end reinforcers and that these boards are used with the shoring means suitable for trenches and excavations.