FR2687121A1 - Sail intended in particular for equipping the sail suit (system) of a sailing craft - Google Patents

Sail intended in particular for equipping the sail suit (system) of a sailing craft Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2687121A1
FR2687121A1 FR9201542A FR9201542A FR2687121A1 FR 2687121 A1 FR2687121 A1 FR 2687121A1 FR 9201542 A FR9201542 A FR 9201542A FR 9201542 A FR9201542 A FR 9201542A FR 2687121 A1 FR2687121 A1 FR 2687121A1
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France
Prior art keywords
sail
legs
fabric
strong
triradially
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR9201542A
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French (fr)
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FR2687121B1 (en
Inventor
Johansen Nic
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ELVSTROM SAILS FRANCE
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ELVSTROM SAILS FRANCE
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Application filed by ELVSTROM SAILS FRANCE filed Critical ELVSTROM SAILS FRANCE
Priority to FR9201542A priority Critical patent/FR2687121B1/en
Publication of FR2687121A1 publication Critical patent/FR2687121A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2687121B1 publication Critical patent/FR2687121B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/067Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
    • B63H9/0678Laminated sails
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/067Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process

Abstract

Three legs (51, 52, 53) of strong fabric, of reduced elongation in relation to that of the fabric constituing the rest (6) of the sail, are arranged triradially according to a geometry delineating approximately curves with centres of curvature which are external to the sail (1), the said legs (51, 52, 53) ending in the angles (21, 22, 23) of the sail (1).

Description

La prêsente invention a pour objet une voile d'un type nouveau, destinée notamment à équiper la voilure d'un engin de navigation à voile. The present invention relates to a sail of a new type, intended in particular to equip the wing of a sailing vessel.

On sait que l'un des problèmes majeurs de la navigation à voile réside dans le contrôle du "creux" des voiles, qui n'est pas toujours adapté à la force du vent. Bon nombre d'adeptes de cette navigation choisissent une voilure à creux moyen, qui est inadaptée en cas de vent très faible ou de vent très fort. D'autres disposent de plusieurs voiles adaptees à des forces de vent différentes, ce qui les amène à changer de voile en cours de navigation, en fonction de la force du vent. We know that one of the major problems of sailing is the control of the "hollow" of the sails, which is not always adapted to the force of the wind. Many followers of this navigation choose a medium hollow wing, which is unsuitable in the event of very weak wind or very strong wind. Others have several sails adapted to different wind forces, which causes them to change their sails during navigation, depending on the strength of the wind.

Concernant la grand'voile, le creux peut être partiellement contrôlé à l'aide du gréement et notamment reduit par cintrage du mât auquel elle est fixée. Mais concernant les voiles du type génois, qui s'enverguent sur un étai, aucune solution satisfaisante à ce problème n'a encore été trouvée, et les voiles ont tendance à se creuser de plus en plus avec l'augmentation de la force du vent, ce qui est préjudiciable à leur rendement. Concerning the main sail, the hollow can be partially controlled using the rigging and in particular reduced by bending the mast to which it is fixed. But concerning the sails of the genoa type, which take off on a forestay, no satisfactory solution to this problem has yet been found, and the sails tend to widen more and more with the increase in the force of the wind , which is detrimental to their performance.

Afin d'éviter la déformation des voiles, on a proposé de disposer des tissus "forts", c'est-à-dire de résistance mécanique élevee et de déformabilité réduite, dans les zones telles que la chute et la bordure de la voile, et des tissus faibles, présentant une déformabilité supérieure, dans les zones d'effort réduit, telles que le guindant. In order to avoid the deformation of the sails, it has been proposed to have “strong” fabrics, that is to say of high mechanical strength and reduced deformability, in areas such as the drop and the edge of the sail, and weak tissues, with greater deformability, in areas of reduced effort, such as the luff.

On a ensuite proposé, avec un certain succès, une disposition radiale des bandes de tissu mises en oeuvre, selon des lignes prenant leur origine à l'un des sommets du triangle constituant la voile. It was then proposed, with some success, a radial arrangement of the strips of fabric used, along lines originating from one of the vertices of the triangle constituting the sail.

On a enfin proposé des coupes triradiales, dans lesquelles les bandes de tissu constituant la voile sont disposées selon des lignes prenant leur origine aux trois sommets du triangle qu'elle forme. Finally, triradial sections have been proposed, in which the strips of fabric constituting the sail are arranged in lines originating from the three vertices of the triangle that it forms.

Toutefois ni l'une ni l'autre de ces dispositions ne donnent entière satisfaction, les voiles triradiales actuellement réalisées donnant lieu, particulierement à leur partie haute, à une augmentation du creux, qui peut entraîner la nécessité de changer la voile en cours de navigation, en la remplaçant par une voile plus plate ou plus petite. However, neither of these provisions is entirely satisfactory, the triradial sails currently produced giving rise, particularly at their upper part, to an increase in the trough, which can lead to the need to change the sail during navigation. , replacing it with a flatter or smaller sail.

Le problème pose par le contrôle de l'aplatissement d'une voile est donc demeure entier à ce jour, la solution de ce problème résidant dans la capacité d'aplatissement de la voile indépendamment du gréement, capacité susceptible de lui conférer des caractéristiques particulièrement avantageuses, tant du point de vue de sa solidité que de son efficacité en navigation. The problem posed by controlling the flattening of a sail is therefore still unresolved to this day, the solution to this problem lies in the flattening capacity of the sail independently of the rigging, a capacity capable of giving it particularly advantageous characteristics. , both from the point of view of its solidity and its efficiency in navigation.

La présente invention a pour but d'offrir une solution à ce problème en proposant une voile susceptible de s'aplatir indépendamment du gréement, grâce à la disposition judicieuse de panneaux de tissu fort constituant des jambes de maintien. The object of the present invention is to offer a solution to this problem by proposing a sail capable of flattening independently of the rigging, thanks to the judicious arrangement of panels of strong fabric constituting support legs.

La présente invention est en effet basée sur cette intuition, qui s'est largement vérifiée par la suite, que le chargement aerodynamique d'une voile crée à sa surface des lignes d'effort qui ne sont pas, contrairement aux idées jusqu'ici admises, indépendantes de la disposition des panneaux de ladite voile. The present invention is in fact based on this intuition, which has largely been verified thereafter, that the aerodynamic loading of a sail creates on its surface lines of force which are not, contrary to the ideas hitherto accepted , independent of the arrangement of the panels of said sail.

La présente invention a ainsi pour objet une voile qui se caractérise essentiellement en ce qu'elle comporte des jambes de tissu fort, d'allongement réduit par rapport à celui du tissu constituant le reste de la voile, disposées triradialement selon une géométrie dessinant approximativement des courbes dont les centres de courbure sont extérieurs à la voile, lesdites jambes se terminant dans chaque angle de ladite voile. The present invention thus relates to a sail which is essentially characterized in that it comprises legs of strong fabric, of reduced elongation compared to that of the fabric constituting the remainder of the sail, arranged triradially in a geometry drawing approximately curves whose centers of curvature are external to the sail, said legs ending in each angle of said sail.

Les avantages et caractéristiques de la présente invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit et qui se rapporte au dessin annexé, lequel l'illustre de façon non limitative. The advantages and characteristics of the present invention will emerge more clearly from the description which follows and which refers to the appended drawing, which illustrates it in a nonlimiting manner.

Dans le dessin annexé
- la figure 1 represente une voile triradiale de type génois connue en soi
- la figure 2 représente une visualisation des lignes d'effort de la même voile ;
- la figure 3 représente une voile selon l'invention dans laquelle sont représentées schématiquement les jambes de tissu fort ;
- la figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation de la voile selon l'invention
- la figure 5 represente une visualisation des lignes d'effort de la même voile.
In the attached drawing
- Figure 1 represents a genoa type triradial sail known per se
- Figure 2 shows a display of the force lines of the same sail;
- Figure 3 shows a sail according to the invention in which are shown schematically the legs of strong fabric;
- Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the sail according to the invention
- Figure 5 shows a visualization of the force lines of the same sail.

Si l'on se réfère à la figure 1, on voit qu'une voile triradiale de type connu comporte des bandes de tissu disposées triradialement à partir des trois sommets 21, 22, 23, définissant trois zones radiales 11, 12, 13 qui sont assembles à un milieu haut 14 et un milieu bas 15 selon des lignes de jonction 16, 17 et 18 approximativement horizontales, les zones radiales basses 12 et 13 étant en outre assemblées entre elles selon une ligne de jonction 19 approximativement verticale. Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that a triradial sail of known type has strips of fabric arranged triradially from the three vertices 21, 22, 23, defining three radial zones 11, 12, 13 which are joined to a high medium 14 and a low medium 15 along approximately horizontal junction lines 16, 17 and 18, the low radial zones 12 and 13 being furthermore joined together along an approximately vertical junction line 19.

Les bandes de tissu lourd 2 sont positionnées le long de la chute 31 et de la bordure 33 et les bandes de tissu léger 3 le long du guindant 32 et au milieu avant et bas de la voile. The strips of heavy fabric 2 are positioned along the chute 31 and the edge 33 and the strips of light fabric 3 along the luff 32 and in the front and bottom center of the sail.

Si l'on se réfère à la figure 2, on constate que les lignes d'effort 41, 42, 43 d'une telle voile s 'écartent les unes des autres vers l'envergure, la disposition des panneaux visant à minimiser les étirements et à stabiliser le creux de la voile. Les lignes d'effort sont plus nombreuses du côté de la chute 31 que du coté du guindant 32 et de la bordure 33. If we refer to Figure 2, we see that the force lines 41, 42, 43 of such a sail deviate from each other towards the span, the arrangement of the panels aimed at minimizing the stretching and stabilize the hollow of the sail. The effort lines are more numerous on the side of the fall 31 than on the side of the luff 32 and the edge 33.

Si l'on se réfère maintenant à la figure 3, on voit que la voile 1 selon l'invention comporte trois jambes 51, 52, 53 disposées triradialement de telle maniere que les centres des courbes qui les délimitent se situent à l'extérieur de la voile 1.  If we now refer to FIG. 3, we see that the sail 1 according to the invention has three legs 51, 52, 53 arranged triradially so that the centers of the curves which delimit them are situated outside of sail 1.

Les jambes 51, 52, 53 sont réalisées en un tissu fort, d'allongement inférieur à celui du tissu faible qui forme le reste 6 de la voile et elles se rejoignent dans les angles 21, 22, 23. The legs 51, 52, 53 are made of a strong fabric, of elongation less than that of the weak fabric which forms the rest 6 of the sail and they meet in the angles 21, 22, 23.

Il résulte de cette disposition et de la nature du tissu mis en oeuvre que les forces qui se concentrent aux sommets 21, 22, 23 entraînent la rectification, c'est-à-dire l'augmentation du rayon de courbure de chacune des jambes 51, 52, 53, lorsque la force du vent augmente. It follows from this arrangement and from the nature of the fabric used that the forces which are concentrated at the tops 21, 22, 23 cause the rectification, that is to say the increase in the radius of curvature of each of the legs 51 , 52, 53, when the force of the wind increases.

Il en resulte que, en fonction de cette augmentation de la force du vent, on observe un aplatissement de la voile 1, qui se manifeste par une augmentation des distances PP', QQ' et RR', les points P, P', Q, Q', R et R etant pris arbitrairement dans les zones de tissus fort 51, 52, 53, non loin des angles 21, 22 et 23. It follows that, as a function of this increase in the force of the wind, there is a flattening of the sail 1, which is manifested by an increase in the distances PP ', QQ' and RR ', the points P, P', Q , Q ', R and R being taken arbitrarily in the zones of strong tissue 51, 52, 53, not far from the angles 21, 22 and 23.

Si on se réfère à la figure 4, on peut voir sur cette figure la disposition triradiale des jambes 51, 52, 53 telle qu'elle est réalisable dans la pratique, par assemblage de panneaux triangulaires et trapézoïdaux de tissu fort, le reste 6 de la voile etant egalement réalisé par assemblage de panneaux triangulaires et trapézoïdaux de tissu faible. If we refer to Figure 4, we can see in this figure the triradial arrangement of the legs 51, 52, 53 as it is practicable, by assembling triangular and trapezoidal panels of strong fabric, the rest 6 of the sail is also produced by assembling triangular and trapezoidal panels of weak fabric.

On retrouve sur cette figure trois zones radiales 11, 12, 13, assemblées à un milieu haut 14 et un milieu bas 15 selon des lignes de jonction 16, 17, 18 approximativement horizontales, les zones radiales basses 12 et 13 étant en outre assembles entre elles selon une ligne de jonction 19 approximativement verticale. This figure shows three radial zones 11, 12, 13, assembled at a high center 14 and a low center 15 along approximately horizontal joining lines 16, 17, 18, the low radial zones 12 and 13 also being assembled between they along an approximately vertical junction line 19.

Si on compare ce mode de réalisation avec celui représenté à la figure 1, on constate la différence fondamentale résidant dans la disposition triradiale des bandes de tissu fort, qui dans le mode de réalisation selon l'invention constituent des jambes de maintien permettant un auto-aplatissement de la voile lors d'une augmentation de la force du vent. If we compare this embodiment with that shown in FIG. 1, we note the fundamental difference residing in the triradial arrangement of the strips of strong fabric, which in the embodiment according to the invention constitute holding legs allowing a self- flattening of the sail when the wind strength increases.

Il convient de noter d'ailleurs que, conformément à l'invention, la bande de tissu fort 53 située à proximite de la bordure 33 se trouve située à une courte distance de cette bordure 33 et non pas le long de cette dernière, comme c'est le cas pour la voile de type connu représentée à la figure 1. It should also be noted that, in accordance with the invention, the strip of strong tissue 53 located near the edge 33 is located a short distance from this edge 33 and not along the latter, as c 'is the case for the known type of sail shown in Figure 1.

Si on se réfère enfin à la figure 5, on peut voir sur cette figure que les lignes d'effort 61, 62, 63 sont concentrées le long des jambes 51, 52, 53 en tissu fort, et prennent la forme d'arcs de courbure prononcée. Tirés par leurs extrémités, ces arcs présentent une tendance à la rectification qui confère à la voile une capacité d'autoaplatissement sous l'action du vent. If we finally refer to Figure 5, we can see in this figure that the stress lines 61, 62, 63 are concentrated along the legs 51, 52, 53 in strong fabric, and take the form of arcs of pronounced curvature. Pulled by their ends, these arcs have a tendency to rectification which gives the sail a capacity for self-flattening under the action of the wind.

Il en resulte que la voile selon l'invention présente une réaction optimale au chargement aérodynamique, s'adaptant de façon performante aux variations de la force du vent. It follows that the sail according to the invention has an optimal reaction to aerodynamic loading, adapting effectively to variations in the force of the wind.

La voile selon l'invention représentée aux figures 4 et 5 étant destinee à constituer un génois, on remarquera que les lignes d'effort représentées à la figure 5 sont plus nombreuses du côté de la chute 31 que du guindant 32. The sail according to the invention represented in FIGS. 4 and 5 being intended to constitute a genoa, it will be noted that the force lines represented in FIG. 5 are more numerous on the side of the fall 31 than of the luff 32.

I1 va de soi que la présente invention ne saurait être limitée à la description qui précède d'un de ses modes de réalisation, susceptible de subir un certain nombre de modifications sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention. It goes without saying that the present invention cannot be limited to the preceding description of one of its embodiments, capable of undergoing a certain number of modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

Notamment la voile selon l'invention peut constituer n'importe quel élément de la voilure d'un engin de navigation à voile. In particular, the sail according to the invention can constitute any element of the wing of a sailing vessel.

Claims (2)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Voile destinée notamment à équiper la voilure d'un engin de navigation à voile, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte trois jambes (51, 52, 53) de tissu fort, d'allongement réduit par rapport à celui du tissu constituant le reste (6) de la voile, lesdites jambes (51, 52, 53) étant disposées triradialement selon une géométrie dessinant approximativement des courbes dont les centres de courbure sont extérieurs à la voile (1) et se terminant dans les angles (21, 22, 23) de ladite voile (1).1) Sail intended in particular to equip the sail with a sailing vessel, characterized in that it comprises three legs (51, 52, 53) of strong fabric, of reduced elongation compared to that of the fabric constituting the rest (6) of the sail, said legs (51, 52, 53) being arranged triradially according to a geometry drawing approximately curves whose centers of curvature are external to the sail (1) and ending in the angles (21, 22 , 23) of said sail (1). 2) Voile selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée de l'assemblage de panneaux triangulaires et trapêzoîdaux de tissus fort et faible définissant trois zones radiales (11, 12, 13) assemblées à un milieu haut (14) et un milieu bas (15) selon des lignes de jonction (16, 17, 18) approximativement horizontales, les zones radiales basses (12, 13) étant en outre assemblées entre elles selon une ligne de jonction (19) approximativement verticale, les panneaux de tissu fort étant assemblés de manière à former trois jambes (51, 52, 53) disposées triradialement. 2) A sail according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the assembly of triangular and trapezoidal panels of strong and weak fabrics defining three radial zones (11, 12, 13) assembled to a high medium (14) and a low center (15) along approximately horizontal connecting lines (16, 17, 18), the lower radial zones (12, 13) being furthermore joined together along an approximately vertical connecting line (19), the panels strong fabric being assembled so as to form three legs (51, 52, 53) arranged triradially.
FR9201542A 1992-02-07 1992-02-07 SAIL INTENDED IN PARTICULAR TO EQUIP THE SAIL OF A VEHICLE OF NAVIGATION. Expired - Fee Related FR2687121B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9201542A FR2687121B1 (en) 1992-02-07 1992-02-07 SAIL INTENDED IN PARTICULAR TO EQUIP THE SAIL OF A VEHICLE OF NAVIGATION.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9201542A FR2687121B1 (en) 1992-02-07 1992-02-07 SAIL INTENDED IN PARTICULAR TO EQUIP THE SAIL OF A VEHICLE OF NAVIGATION.

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FR2687121A1 true FR2687121A1 (en) 1993-08-13
FR2687121B1 FR2687121B1 (en) 1998-09-04

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5738032A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-04-14 Cox; Jerry E. Compound sail foot construction for improved kinetics

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191216A1 (en) * 1984-12-14 1986-08-20 Sobstad Sailmakers, Inc. Novel method of stress distribution in a sail, a sail embodying the same and sail construction
EP0249427A1 (en) * 1986-06-11 1987-12-16 Sobstad Sailmakers, Inc. Composite thread line sails

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191216A1 (en) * 1984-12-14 1986-08-20 Sobstad Sailmakers, Inc. Novel method of stress distribution in a sail, a sail embodying the same and sail construction
EP0249427A1 (en) * 1986-06-11 1987-12-16 Sobstad Sailmakers, Inc. Composite thread line sails

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5738032A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-04-14 Cox; Jerry E. Compound sail foot construction for improved kinetics

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FR2687121B1 (en) 1998-09-04

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