FR2686590A1 - DEVICE FOR LIFTING THE BURDENS. - Google Patents

Abstract

A handling device including a tool supporting structure defining at least one deformable quadrilateral (10, 11, 38, 39-9, 12, 38', 39') comprising an apical hinge axis (50) for two linking arms each of which is pivotably connected to a gripping system (p, p') about a side axis (49, 48), the gripping systems being pivotable about a common lower axis (45) to form a hinge; at least one cylinder (25) for winding the cable (2) which is loaded by a return means (48); at least one linking member (7) attached to the hinge for controlling the movement thereof; a pivotable connecting link (20) loaded by the lifting cable (2); and a system (S) controlled according to one of the positions of the connecting link (20) and designed to engage a member (24) for rotationally locking the winding cylinder (25).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for retaining burdens in order to move them.

The invention is useful in handling loads without weight or volume limit from manual tools such as the rail clamp which it advantageously replaces thanks to its automatic opening and closing.

The automatic opening and closing of the device of the invention is obtained by pulling on the lifting cable or by pushing it back in order to cause it to close.

In one of the applications of the invention, the base of the device receives claws in the form of claws which resemble those of a raptor arranged in a star or else arranged in parallel.

In another application, the invention receives at its base two half watertight shells intended for loading products such as fine sand.

The invention is useful for the handling of winched, heli-hauled loads, etc., and for those which are loaded manually as is often the case with railroad tracks, certain posts and other manual loads.

As a general rule for lifting loads it is necessary to tie them down with straps and hook them.

If the material to be moved looks like semolina, it must first be loaded into a container or bucket, fitted with a mooring ring.

Another problem will arise during unloading.

Nowadays, a lot of devices for loading packages are very well developed. They are generally fitted with hydraulic accessories, the cost of which is high, as is the cost of the investment on purchase.

In addition, the performance will be poor if the device moves on a loading area, because of the price of the distance to be covered and the space occupied on the ground, which slows maneuvers.

The device of the invention does not use any hydraulic, pneumatic or electric accessory.

It works using its lifting rope or its utility for all cranes or handling arms.

The loading of the loads by means of a crane is very advantageous thanks to the length of its boom, and to its rapidity in rotation. In addition, the machine operator is located at a height, so he benefits from an important and precise visual field. Loading with a crane is the most economical.

In our days, it takes a human service to moor the loads. However, performance can be slowed down due to fatigue. In addition, it is dangerous to work in the loading area of the crane, but this remains essential.

The present invention eliminates all these problems because the base of the device receives accessories appropriate to the request: example, the wood tongs, the beet tongs, that for lifting stones or removing industrial waste or wrecks including the waterproof device formed by two half shells of which
the application is very popular in the food industry, because it does not involve the risk of oil leakage.

The device of the invention has three parts. In the center a quadrilateral frame receives rotation rings at its four ends to modify its geometric shape.

This quadrilateral receives the shape of two often asymmetrical triangles connected by their base. Their points are opposite when the device is in the open position, ready to load the loads.

When the point of the lower triangle has joined that of the upper triangle passing through the center of this deformable quadrilateral: the device is in the closed position.

At this stage the deformable quadrilateral has become two parallel triangles. The upper triangle having housed in its surface the lower triangle pointed upwards.

The upward movement of the tip of the lower triangle and the change of levels of the upper triangle have modified the geometry of their common bases at the ends of which are pliers on the left and right which are generally similar to the claws of a raptor, or other devices such as telescopic arms intended to receive tools.

The sides of the basic triangle are extended by arms in the shape of claws which are articulated on axes fixed to gouche and to the right of the diagonal of the quadrilateral.

The tip of the base triangle changes from the low position to the high position. By reversing the triangle it acts as a lever on the claws or on the arms.

The claws or arms form the base of the device.

A housing retained by axes is located at the top of the quadrilateral. It receives the lifting cable and the chain which connects the vertical ends of the quadrilateral. It forms the upper part of the device.

The tip of the upper triangle maintains by its axes a casing which receives a cylinder which winds the cable.

This cylinder is coupled to a notched pinion intended to wind the chain which connects the two tops of the triangles.

The diameter of this pinion is generally less than that of the cylinder of the lifting cable
The cylinder is provided with a toothed wheel intended to receive a locking pawl.

This pawl lifts or closes on the toothed wheel each time the cable is pulled or released.

A connecting rod connected to the ratchet straightens as soon as the lifting cable is stretched. The connecting rod drops each time the cable is stretched, thus causing the cylinder locking pawl.

The operation of the device of the invention is.

simpler. It is favored by the articulation of the deformable quadrilateral.

To hold a load: Just pull on the lifting cable. In a previous maneuver, it was pre-wound. Pulling, the cable rotates the cylinder, which drives the toothed wheel which winds the chain which has the effect of deforming the quadrilateral by bringing the ends of the two opposite triangles together which will take the form of two parallel triangles. This results in closing the tips of the device, placed on the ground or on a load.

When the cable is fully unwound, the quadrilateral is deformed to the point of becoming two triangles housed one inside the other. The lower triangle is housed in the upper triangle.

At this point the clamps are fully closed.

The difference in diameter of the cable cylinder with that of the toothed wheel is used to convert the lifting torque by the difference in diameters.

This powerful vice will only be released if the device is placed on the ground and the cable relaxed. This pressure is compatible with a load which corresponds to the device.

If the load is too strong (example: a large stone) the tips of the claws scratch the burden in the upward movement but do not hold it, because it is an error of appreciation in the load.

Any risk of accident is eliminated because the procedure for opening the clamps by retracting the cable implies that the device is placed on the ground.

During the opening maneuver which consists in resting the device on the ground: the cylinder has wound the cable under the action of its spring in the well-known example in DIY the hose reel in service stations etc. ...

The tip of the lower cylinder is not retained at its top. It will necessarily fall as soon as the lifting cable is pulled in order to lift the device. Returning the tip to its basic position spreads the claw tips and causes them to open.

During the previous closing operation of the load, the chain which connects the opposite points of the stemmagasine triangles in a casing located downstream of the toothed wheel.

The tension of the chain, pulling on the lifting cable to cause the claws to close.

The closing power increases with the weight of the burden.

This technique is similar to that of the lever, for example a pair of pincers whose closing pressure increases with the length of the handles.

This principle of the lever exists in the device and is obtained by the difference in the diameter of the cable cylinder with that of the toothed wheel.

To this power is added the force of the levers exerted by the sides of the base cylinder in their upward movement.

The geometric deformation of the upper triangle added to the weight of the housing further increases the closing power.

All of these components form a powerful locking bolt that only the lifting cable can unlock if it is relaxed when the device is placed on the ground with its load.

A new cycle can start again.

The accompanying drawings illustrate one of the applications of the invention
Figure 3 shows the device according to the invention with two half open shells
Figure 2 shows the device according to the invention with closed clamps.

Figure 1 shows the mechanism of the invention, the open clamps.

Figure 4 shows the mechanism of the invention with the cylinder locked.

Figure 5 shows the mechanism of the invention with the cylinder unlocked.

Figure 6 shows the mechanism of the invention with a double cylinder in the housing.

FIG. 7 represents the mechanism of the invention the cylinder provided with an internal reduction gear with control mechanism 54
FIG. 8 represents the mechanism of the invention with a cylinder which receives two traction chains.

Figure 9 shows the device of the invention with reduction by hauling two pulleys which are in vertical position or placed horizontally to limit the overall height.

Figure 10 shows the internal mechanism of the cylinder.

Figure 11: is another application of the invention which takes the form of a triangle intended to fulfill the function of a spark gap or a lifting jack or to exert pressure inside a cylinder etc ...

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show the mechanism of the invention as a whole.

In Figure 2, the parrallelogram formed by the frame 9, 10, 11, 12, 38 and 39 represents a quadrélataire formed by two triangles whose base is connected.

The axes 48, 45, 49, 50 allow the articulation of the frame, made possible by the winding of the chain 7 fixed on the hinge of the base triangle 45, by the device 43.

In FIG. 2, the chain 7 has been wound, which has the result of modifying the quadrilateral and of forming a triangle which is inscribed inside the axes 48, 49, 50.

The top of the quadrilateral holds the casing on axes 50.

Figure 4 and 5
The interior of this casing 5 receives a cylinder 25 intended to wind the cable 2 which is held by the handle 1.

FIG. 5: the rod 20 which rotates on a shaft 19, provided with a pawl 18 drives the cam device 17 which has the effect, in its positive situation, of pushing the piston 16 inside the cylinder 14.

The fluid expelled by the channel 15 joins the cylinder 21 which has expelled the piston 28. As a result, the pawl of the 24 is straightened compressing the spring 23. The toothed wheel 26 is free. The device 22 holds the cylinder 14 and 21. The 27 is the oil drain.

The device 3 and 4 are cable guides as well as the 13.

In FIG. 4, the piston 16 is in the negative position on the cam 17, it has come out of the cylinder 14 to enter the hollow of the cam. The piston 28 is returned to the cylinder 21 under the effect of the spring 23.

The pawl 24 is returned to the toothed wheel to lock it. The rod 20 is straightened by the tension of the cable which has to move the cam 17 a notch
The driving action of the rod can be reversed and caused the pawl by its upward movement. In both cases the pawl 18 is favorable in order to actuate the cam in the same direction of rotation.

In Figure 4 the cylinder is locked.

In Figure 5 the cylinder is unlocked.

It's operations are caused whenever the cable is stretched or relaxed.

In Figure 6: the handle 1 retains a bearing 40, connected to cables 2 on the cylinders 6 which retain the toothed wheel 8. A movable tube 41 serves as a guide chain. The device 53 is a chain container intended to store the chain 7 during the rotation of the toothed pinion 8 when the cable 2 is pulled.

The application of this technique makes it possible to fix the chain 7 plus at the center of the hinge 45.

In FIG. 9: the chain 7 driven by the toothed wheel 8 is a little off-center on the shaft 45 fixed by the plate 43.

In FIG. 8: the cylinder 25 is central and the notched wheels 8 are on either side of the cylinder
The chains 8 are fixed on the arms 38 and 39.

In FIG. 10: 51 is the central arbor carrying the cylinder 25 secured to the toothed wheel 8 by the devices 51. 48 is the return spring of the cylinder 25.

Figures 1, 2 retain at their base either claws that are apparent to those of a raptor, or half watertight shells 64 and 65 Figure 1 with reinforced edges and tooth holder 66 and 67 Figure 1.

The claws 30, 31, 32, 33 receive a rounded shape directed towards the base. Their ends are more straight to increase ground penetration.

The claws have a connique shape in the direction of the length so that the space between them takes the frustoconical geometric shape in order to favor the evacuation of the charged elements when one proceeds to the opening of the clamps
The claws receive removable teeth. 52 is a tooth reinforcement. it allows the stability of the device as in FIG. 2. The holes 61 are necessary to limit the penetration of the claws into the concrete irons, etc.

In FIG. 2: The cable 2 has been pulled in its entire length pre-wound by means of the spring 48 in FIG. 10.

Figure 3: 63 is a removable pad that protects the load and fits in the tooth.

Claims (5)

REVENDIOATIONS 1) - Gripping device, the base of which receives  clips which 'articulate on a fixed hinge  at the base of a quadrilateral frame  each end of which is hinged to allow  to modify the geometry when you pull on the  winching cable pre-wound in the housed cylinder  at the top of the quadrilateral and which leads in its  rotation another cylinder intended to wind a  chain attached to the hinge which results in  to close the pliers or to open them according to the direction  of rotation caused by the winching cable  depending on whether it is winched or relaxed and in this case  wound by a return spring.  (Figure: 1) No =: 2 (Fig. 10) No =: 48 2) - Device according to claim: No 1; characterized  by the fact that the clamps are removable (Fig.: 3) No =: 2; 31; 32; 33. The device  receives half shells (Fig.: i) No =: 64.5  also removable waterproof or clear. 3) - Device according to claim No 1 typified by  the fact that the frame is shaped like a  quadrilateral f Fig 1} No =: 95 10 '. 11, 12 articulated  has its four ends in order to vary its  geometry in order to close the clamps or  open them 4) - Device according to claim No 1; 2; 3;  characterized by the fact that the top of the device  has a housing (Fig. 1) No: 5; who receives a  cylinder (Fig o:; No: 25 or two cylinders (Fig 9)  No =: 25 and 48 or two cylinders: (Fig 6) No: 6;  or a cylinder (Fig 7) No: 6 with a reducer  No: 54 5) - Device according to claim No 4; crystallized  by the fact that the cylinder No = 25; (Fig. 8) leads  in its rotation caused by the winching of the cable  No =: 2 (Fig. 1) the cylinder N = O 8 which winds the  chain No =: 7 connected to the hinge No = 45; (Fig 9} and  that the device has two cylinders (Fig 8).  No =: 8 which wind the chains No =: 47 and 46 ;.  connect-aux-bras No: 38 and 39 and that it has a  cylinder No =: 6; with reducer No =: 54 (Fig. 7)  or a toothed cylinder No =: 8 which drives the chain  No =: 7 t Fig. 6) guided by a roller No: 41; and  who stays in a store No 53 The wheel No =: 8  is driven by cylinders No =: 6 by the  cable winching No =: 2 connected by the lifting beam  No =: 40 and trellises by the handle No = 1  6) Device according to claims No: 4 and 5  characterized by the fact that the cylinder No =: 25  (Fig 10) receives a toothed wheel No == 26 and it  is maintained on the tree No: 51 by the axes Na =: 49  and retained by a leaf spring No =: 48 intended for  wind the winch cable when the device  is laid on the ground and the cable which has been jammed  to close the clamps and lift the load: is  released from his attention .. 7) Device according to claim No: 6 characterized  by the fact that the toothed wheel No =: Zb is used for  immobilize the cylinder No =: 25 for the maneuver  opening clamps if you pull on the cable  winch lifting only the arms  upper quadrilateral = its lower triangle  the end of which includes the hinge of the clamps  not being retained by the chain whose entire  length has just been unwound from its cylinder by the  reminder of the winching cable the geometry of the  quadrilateral being in the closed position of the clamps (Fig .: 2) No =: 9; 10; 11; 12; 30; 31; 32; 33; bECOMES  geometric opening position (Fig:  3)  8) Device according to claim No 7 characterized by  the fact that the toothed wheel is retained by the  pawl No =: 24 (Fig. 4) pushed by the piston  No =: 28; actuated by the cam No =: 17; that turn  under the action of the connecting rod No =: 20 by means of the  ratchet No =: 18 s each time you pull on the  cahle No =: 2; and whenever we relax the  cable No =: 2; : the connecting rod is placed in the low position  which gives a quarter turn to the pawl No =: 17  a piston input movement No =: 28 releasing  thus pawl No: 24