FR2667096A1 - EXTERIOR COATING STRUCTURE OF A BUILDING BY A COMPOSITE SKIN REPORTED. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exterior cladding structure of a building (1). It comprises prefabricated modules (3) incorporating a composite pocket to be attached to the facade and mechanical fastening means to assemble them together directly on the building. The mechanical fixing means consist of members (6) for hooking and locking in position the modules (3), previously anchored to the building (1) and able to cooperate with at least one upper end part and / or lower of said modules (3) by means of slots (7) through which the hooking members (6) pass when mounting said modules (3), which are locked in a final fixing standby position. Application to the building industry.

Description

The present invention relates to an exterior cladding structure of a

  building intended to be implemented on vertical planar supports in masonry or concrete, new or in the course of rehabilitation, whether blind or pierced with bays, located in floor or ground floor protected, without these applications

preferred are limiting.

  The purpose of the invention is to remedy the problems sometimes encountered in the rehabilitation of highly damaged buildings requiring major renovation work on the facades or, in the case of new buildings, to increase the durability of the building. work and to obtain a finish both aesthetic and

economic.

  To this end, the invention relates to an exterior cladding structure of a building characterized in that it comprises prefabricated modules integrating a composite pocket to bring back facade and mechanical fixing means to assemble them directly to the building. Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact of not requiring any prior preparation of the building. In addition, it significantly reduces thermal losses through junctions between facades and sheds or striped or non-projecting floors, in order to comply with building regulations.

new or rehabilitated.

  The composite skin reported according to the invention does not participate in the functions of transmissions of the loads, 2 - against-windement, of resistance to the shocks of safety which are incumbent on the structure which supports it Of course, it will have to resist with resistance to the wind corresponding to depressions under normal wind of maximum value defined by the specifications. The composite skin attached to the structure is however suitably fixed with the structure of the invention. For this purpose and according to another characteristic of the invention, the mechanical fixing means are constituted by fastening and locking members in position. modules, previously anchored on the building and adapted to cooperate with at least one upper end portion and / or lower of said modules through the holes traversed by the fastening members during assembly of said modules, which are locked in a waiting position of

final fixation.

  For a better speed of execution and according to another characteristic of the invention, the fastening and locking members anchored on the building, prior to the

  modules, are positioned via a template.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the fastening and locking members of the modules are constituted by a threaded expansive pin introduced into a suitable housing previously provided in the wall of the building and in which is screwed pending a wide-headed screw. said head traverses an enlarged part of an oblong slot of the module and whose threaded body slides, by a vertical translation movement downwardly given to said module, in a narrowed portion of said light at the bottom of which it is supported waiting for definitive screwing, causing the head to be tightened against the frontal peripheral zone of the narrowed part of the light

  the module itself in support against the wall of the building.

  According to an alternative embodiment, the fastening and locking members of the modules consist of an anchor formed by a rod fixed in the wall of the building and having a threaded free end forming a screw made of material with the rod and on which is screwed waiting a wide-headed nut passing through the mounting an enlarged portion of an oblong slot of the module, said sliding screw, by a vertical translation movement downwardly given to said module, in a narrowed portion of said light at the bottom of which it is supported pending final screwing of the nut, causing the clamping of the head thereof against the frontal peripheral zone of the narrowed portion of the module light, itself bearing against the

wall of the building.

  In these two exemplary embodiments, the role of the pegs is essential. Indeed, the allowable strength of the structure is a function of the peel strength of said pegs. These pegs must be chosen taking into account wind exposure conditions and their resistance. at

  tearing in the support considered.

  Thus each peg must preferably be able to transmit a load equal to twice that applied to the corresponding attachment and resulting from the action in depression

extreme wind.

  In the case of concrete supports full of common aggregates, the permissible load of the anchors will be that certified or included in the specifications for use of them. In the case of masonry supports of new or old elements, the permissible load of the anchors will be determined in any case by prior recognition of the support

considered.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the hooking and locking members cooperate with oblong slots provided at the end portions at one and the same time.

  upper and lower module.

  In this case, the attachment of the module will be

  simultaneously by all existing anchor points.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the fastening and locking members cooperate with oblong slots provided at the lower end portion of the module, the upper end portion thereof being fixed by screws screwing together. in pins inserted into holes made by simultaneous drilling of said

  end of the waiting module and the wall of the building.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the lateral edges of two adjacent modules are connected to each other by covering via profiles previously fixed on the walls of the building and joined by an elastomeric mastic. According to another characteristic of the invention, the modules are obtained by resin molding in which is

  incorporated a reinforcing metal strip, advantageously

  galvanized, on all end zones used to

fixation.

  According to an exemplary embodiment, the resin constituting the modules is a thixotropic polyester resin on frame reinforced with glass mats with isophthalic gel finish sprayed in the bottom of the mold to obtain a smooth surface without bubbling A polyester resin appropriate is known

  under the trade name Synolite.

  Such a material used for the manufacture of the modules does not preclude compliance with regulatory requirements, particularly with regard to its reaction classification.

fire.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the molding of the modules as well as the fixing and connecting means for their implementation, are able to ensure

  the thermal and sound insulation of the building.

  As regards the airtightness, it is the responsibility of the support wall; as regards the watertightness it is satisfactorily provided in the main part by the small width of the joints between the elements and

profiles that connect them.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, an insulating material is interposed between the walls of the building and the reported composite skin to provide additional insulation. According to another characteristic of the invention, the insulating material is ventilated by a remaining air gap

  between said insulator and the modules of the structure.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the ventilation of the air gap is ensured in a continuous manner by spaced slots, in low and high parts of the modules. According to another characteristic of the invention, the complementary insulation is ensured by plates of

expanded polystyrene.

  According to an alternative embodiment the insulation

  complementary is provided by mineral wool panels.

  The materials used for the supplementary insulation do not impede compliance with the regulatory requirements, particularly with regard to its reaction classification.

fire.

  Such a structure according to the invention arises without particular difficulty, by means of prior recognition of the support, a layout of the complementary elements and profiles and compliance with the prescribed laying conditions.

by the specifications.

  As for the maintenance, only normally is provided a possible washing Furthermore, the impact sensitivity of small hard bodies, at least at low temperature, which weakens the polyester, is not a problem in the measure o the composite skin is little exposed in the preferred jobs selected, namely floor and ground floor

protected.

  The following description given as an example

  will better understand how the invention can be realized.

  It is carried out with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a partial view of a facade of a building dressed with an outer cladding structure according to the invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale along line II II of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged view of detail A of Figure 2 on an enlarged scale; Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view on line IV IV of Figure 1; Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view along the line V V of Figure 1; Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view along the line VI VI of Figure 1; Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view along line VII VII of Figure 1; Figure 8 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of a lower end portion of a module comprising the structure, as can be seen for example in Figure 6, showing the fasteners according to the invention; Figure 9 is a front view according to Figure 8; Figure 10 is a perspective view of a parapet protected by an attached module forming part of the structure according to the invention; Figures 11 and 12 are scale detail views

enlarged according to Figure 10.

  The building 1 partially shown in FIG. 1 is clad with an outer cladding structure 2 constituting a cladding which, according to the invention, comprises a composite skin attached to the facade in the form of prefabricated modules 3 assembled together directly on the building.

  1 by mechanical fixing means.

  FIG. 1 only shows a portion of the building 1 on which only windows 4 appear, but of course it can be pierced with all the bays or openings on any vertical planar supports located on a floor or on a protected ground floor. . The prefabricated modules 3 are obtained from molding of thixotropic polyester synolite resin on frame reinforced with glass mat 800 g / m 2 with isophthalic gelled coating finish sprayed into the bottom of the mold. In the resin is incorporated during molding a galvanized metal strip of reinforcement 5, on all the end zones used for fixing said modules 3. These made in this way have a smooth and bubbling-free external surface.

  hidden inner face has an "orange peel" appearance.

  The modules 3 constituting the cladding are preferably molded in polyester 30/10 and implemented

  by attachments with special pegs to the shell.

  Fire behavior tests were carried out with a resin known under the trade name "Synolite 13355" specially studied to obtain the optimum classification with the epiradiator test defined in the ministerial decree of 4

  June 1973 identical to the standard NFP 92501.

  The classification Ml (non-flammable) in the test with the epiradiator was determined by an official laboratory on laminate specimens prepared in the workshop according to the composition and according to the following procedure Dimensions 30 x 40 cm Thickness 4.5 mm Reinforcement 5 commercial grade mats M 902-OCF 450 g / m 2 Glass content 30% Catalyst resin SYNOLITE 13355 100 Cobalt octoate 6% 0, 30 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 50% 0.70

  Stabilized laminate at 8 days at room temperature.

  The mechanical fastening means of the modules are constituted by fastening and locking members 6 (FIGS. 6, 8 and 9) previously anchored on the building 1 and able to cooperate with said modules 3 via lights. 7 which are made and which are traversed by the fastening and locking members 6 during assembly of said modules 3, which are locked in a position

waiting for final fixation.

  The fastening and locking members 6, anchored on the building 1 prior to the modules 3, are positioned by means of a jig defining

essentially the distances.

  According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening and locking members 6 of the modules 3 are constituted by a threaded expansive dowel 8 introduced into a suitable housing previously provided in the wall of the building 1 and in which a screw 9 is screwed on hold. wide head 10 of which said head 10 passes through the mounting an enlarged portion 11 of an oblong slot 7 of the module 3 and whose threaded body 12 slides, by a vertical translation movement downwardly given to said module 3, in a narrowed portion 13 of said light 7 at the bottom 7a of which it bears support pending final screwing, causing the clamping of the head 10 against the frontal peripheral area of the narrowed portion 13 of the light 7 of the module 3 itself in

  support against the wall of the building 1.

  According to another exemplary embodiment, fastening means (not shown) these differ essentially from the previous ones in that the peg is formed by a rod fixed in the wall of the building 1 and comprises a free end forming a screw obtained from material with the rod and on which is screwed on a nut with a wide head passing through mounting the oblong slot 7 of the module 3 It can be imagined that the fastening and locking members 6 cooperate with oblong slots 7 provided at the end portions 3 a upper and lower 3 b of a 3 A module (Figure 6) constituting a front panel, but according to a preferred embodiment, the attachment of an upper end 3 has 3 A modules is provided by screws 14 screwing into pins 15 inserted into corresponding holes, made by simultaneous drilling of said end 3a of the module 3A waiting, and the wall of the

building 1.

  In this case, the lower end 3b is thus first engaged on the fastening and locking members 6 by a front presentation of the module 3A and then by a vertical translation downwards The module 3 A and put on hold is then fixed to its upper part 3a by fixing by screw 14 and pins 15, then the screws 9 of the hooking and locking members 6 passing through the lower end portion 3b are permanently blocked by

screwing screws 9.

  Other specific modules can participate in

  constitute a cladding structure according to the invention.

  Figures 2 and 3 show the implementation of a module 3 B covering the lighters of the building 1, under the windows 4, and constituted by a shell molded as described above. Fixing the lightening modules 3 B are the only modules fixed in chevrons 16, treated and fixed on galvanized brackets 17 by screws 19 themselves fixed to the building by screws 18 These modules 3 B shaped polyester shell are made with slots 20 spaced at low and high portions to allow continuous ventilation of an air gap 21 remaining inside the modules 3 B. Figures 4 and 5 show the implementation of the modules 3 C constituting tables with windows 4 on the keys of the existing joinery, to which they are screwed by screws with plastic head and whose circumference

  is treated with elastomeric mastic.

j 10 -

  FIG. 2 also shows modules 3D and 3E constituting respectively grooves and supports for the windows 4 adjacent to the tables 3C to form the lathe

windows 4.

  In the same way as said tables 3 C modules 3 D and 3 E constituting the voussures and supports are screwed by screws (not shown) plastic head and whose

  the periphery is treated with elastomeric mastic.

  As shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 7, the lateral edges of two adjacent modules, for example, façade and table modules 3A, 3C (FIGS. 4 and 5) or light and façade modules 3B, 3 A (FIG. 7) are connected to each other by covering by means of U-shaped profiles 22 previously fixed to the walls of building 1 by screws

  23 and joined by an elastomeric sealant 24.

  Figures 10, 11 and 12 show 3 acroterion modules covering the top of the building They are fixed on the one hand by fixing screws 25 in a manner identical to that of the upper parts 3 to facade modules 3 A described previously and on the other hand at their lower part by locking elements 26 fixed to the building 1 by screw 27 and penetrating the large horizontal branch 28 has a T-shaped, 28, and sliding lock

  vertical in the small vertical branch 28 b.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the modules 3 F are connected to one another by overlapping via complementary profiled parts 29 and 30 of two consecutive modules 3 F, joined by an elastomeric sealant 31, one of the two sections forming a U. The material used for molding the modules 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F and the fixing and connecting means for their implementation are able to provide thermal insulation and sound of the building 1, but a complementary insulation 32 is obtained by interposing between the walls of the building 1 and said modules an il-insulating material pressed against said building 1 letting subsist

  and the vacuum 21 mentioned above.

  Such an insulating material 32 consists of plates

  expanded polystyrene or mineral wool.

  These insulators have a thickness ranging from 60 mm to mm. In general, the behavior of horizontal static load tests in service (scale support by

example) is satisfactory.

  Elements of thermal calculation: the calculation of the global transmission coefficient is carried out according to the "Rules Th-K 77" of the Unified Technical Documents (DTU, update of October 1985, Cahier of the Technical Center of Building 2032) starting from K values of the average coefficient in the current part, given by the following formula

K = 1

  1 + Rp + 0.05 Ko o Ko: Average coefficient in the current part of the front wall

coating.

  Rp: Thermal resistance of the assembly "insulator + composite skin" and whose value is given below according to

laying cases.

  0.05: Increased resistance of surface exchanges

due to the ventilated air gap.

  Case where the insulation passes (without being crushed) behind the rafters: Ro = R (in lighter only)

  R being the thermal resistance of the insulation.

  THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATION in W / m O C 0.025 0.035 0.045 0.055

at 0.034 to 0.044 to 0.054 to 0.065

0.72 0.78 0.82 0.86

Claims (13)

  1 exterior cladding structure of a building (1) characterized in that it comprises prefabricated modules (3) incorporating a composite pocket to bring back facade and mechanical fixing means to assemble them directly on the building.   2 Structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the mechanical fixing means are constituted by members (6) for hooking and locking in position of the modules (3), previously anchored on the building (1) and able to cooperate with at least one upper and / or lower end portion of said modules (3) via lumens (7) traversed by the fastening members (6) during assembly of said modules (3), which are locked in   a waiting position of final fixation.   3 Structure according to claim 2 characterized in that the members (6) hooking and locking anchored on the building (1), prior to the modules (3), are   positioned via a template.   4 Structure according to claim 2 characterized in that the members (6) hooking and locking modules (3) are constituted by a threaded expansive pin (8) introduced into a suitable housing previously formed in the wall of the building (1). ) and in which is screwed on hold a screw (9) wide head (10), said head (10) passes through the mounting an enlarged portion (11) of a slot (7) oblong module (3) and whose threaded body (12) slides, by a vertical translation movement downwardly given to said module (3), in a narrowed portion (13) of said light (7) at the bottom (7a) of which it is supported waiting for final tightening, causing the head (10) to be clamped against the front peripheral zone of the narrowed portion (13) of the light (7) of the module (3) itself bearing against the wall of the building (1).   5 Structure according to claim 2 characterized in that the members (6) for attachment and locking of the modules (3) are constituted by an anchor formed by a rod fixed in the wall of the building (1) and having a threaded free end forming a screw obtained from the material with the rod and on which is screwed on hold a nut with a wide head through mounting a widened portion (11) of a slot (7) oblong module (3), said sliding screw, by a movement vertical translation downward given to said module (3) in a narrowed portion (13) of said slot (7) at the bottom (7a) of which it bears support pending final screwing of the nut, causing the tightening of the head of the latter against the frontal peripheral zone of the narrowed portion (13) of the light (7) of the module (3), itself in   support against the wall of the building (1).   6 Structure according to claims 4 or 5 characterized   in that the fastening and locking members (6) cooperate with oblong slots (7) provided at both the upper (3a) and the lower (3b) module (3).   7 Structure according to claims 4 or 5 characterized   in that the fastening and locking members (6) cooperate with oblong slots (7) provided at the lower end portion (3b) of the module (3), the upper end portion (3a). of the latter being fixed by screws (14) screwing into pins (15) inserted in holes made by simultaneous drilling of said end   (3 a) of the module (3) waiting and the wall of the building (1).   8 Structure according to any one of the claims   characterized in that the lateral edges of the two adjacent modules (3) are connected to each other by covering by means of profiles (22) previously fixed on the walls of the building (1) and   grouted with an elastomeric mastic (24).   Structure according to one of the preceding claims   characterized in that the modules (3) are obtained by resin molding in which is incorporated a reinforcing metal strip (5), preferably galvanized, on   all end areas for attachment.   Structure according to Claim 9, characterized in that the resin constituting the modules (3) is a polyester-coated thixotropic polyester resin with glass mats and an isophthalic gel finish sprayed onto the bottom of the mold for   obtaining a smooth surface without bubbling.   11 Structure according to one of the preceding claims   characterized in that the material used for molding the modules (3) as well as the fixing and connecting means for their implementation, are able to ensure   the thermal and sound insulation of the building (1).   12 Structure according to claim 11 characterized in that an insulating material (32) is interposed between the walls of the building (1) and the reported composite skin to provide additional insulation, said insulating material consisting in particular of expanded polystyrene sheets or of mineral wool panels.   13 Structure according to claim 12 characterized in that the insulating material (32) is ventilated by a blade of air   (21) remaining between said insulator and said modules (3).   14 Structure according to claim 13 characterized in that the ventilation of the air gap (21) is provided continuously by slots (20) spaced, in parts low and high modules (3).