FR2651304A1 - Method for overall climatic treatment for inhabited buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Method providing overall climatic treatment in all seasons for inhabited buildings, characterised by: - a mixture of functions (heating-ventilation in winter, cooling-ventilation in summer), of systems (basic collective aeraulic heating-cooling, individual top-up heating) and heating energy (gas for the collective part, electricity for the individual top-up. - Actual ventilation by overpressurising the dwelling, new air being filtered then blown into the main rooms, with natural or mechanical evacuation via the service rooms. - The use of the ventilation air as a heat-transfer fluid. - A collective gas-fired hot air generator, located on the roof. - A collective network for blowing air. - An individual connection per dwelling, - An individual air distribution network per dwelling. - Blowing terminals in the main rooms. - Individual low-power electric top-up using heating elements (resistors) housed in the blower outlets, or using convectors.

Description

APPLICATION AREA
The method relates to heating, ventilation and summer cooling in residential buildings, new or old.

STATE OF THE ART
In these buildings, the known heating and ventilation systems have various drawbacks, in particular - Excessive operating cost in the case of all-electric systems - Excessive investment cost for all the other systems - Safety problems linked to distribution and to gas combustion inside dwellings - Heat theft between dwellings - Risk of freezing in unoccupied dwellings - Extraction ventilation in service rooms and direct air inlets in main rooms, with air unfiltered, front grids constituting as many phonic bridges, and depression of the housing aggravating parasitic infiltration - Impossibility of ensuring without excessive cost the summer comfort defined by the Decree of October 6, 1978.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method ensuring the overall all-weather climatic treatment of residential buildings.

 It is an original combination of means (some of which are known), which escapes the aforementioned drawbacks, and which is characterized by - A MIX OF FUNCTIONS, due to the simultaneous coverage of heating-ventilation needs in winter, as well only cooling and ventilation needs in summer.

- A MIX OF SYSTEMS, due to the joint application of a collective air-heating-cooling in base, and an individual heating in addition.

- A MIX OF heating ENERGIES due to the joint use of gas for the collective part, and electricity for the individual backup.

- Clean ventilation by pressurizing the housing, the fresh air being filtered and then blown into the main rooms, with transit under the interior doors and natural or mechanical extraction in the service rooms.

- The use of ventilation air as a heat transfer fluid for collective basic heating in winter, and for collective cooling in summer.

- A collective generator of hot or cold air located outside on the roof of the building.

- A collective air supply network, with insulated or non-insulated ducts.

- One individual connection per apartment, interface between collective installations and private installations.

- An individual air distribution network per dwelling.

- Blowing terminals in the main rooms.

- An individual low-power backup, provided by electricity from the subscriber's table of each accommodation.

- Many options options, such as
Use of free energy, heat recovery from the extracted air, humidification, programming, etc.

The principle of the system is illustrated by the appended drawing, which represents the vertical section of a building with a roof terrace (single plank).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
By way of example, the heating, cooling and ventilation of a residential building by the process which is the subject of the invention could be achieved by using the following elements
Collective generator of hot or cold air (1) - Situation: In the open air, on the roof.

- Functions: Filtration, ventilation, basic heating, cooling, central regulation.

- Supply air temperature regulated according to the outside temperature, with maximum limit at 500C.

- Special features: Monobloc device designed for outdoor installation, with condensing gas burner, exchanger between the air circuit and the combustion circuit, static thermal inertia battery to stabilize air temperature regulation blown, air circuit overpressure relative to the combustion chamber, mechanical extraction of the burnt gases, gas supply by external riser.

- Refrigeration unit ensuring summer comfort under the conditions defined by the Regulations in force.

Collective, horizontal and vertical supply network (2) - Situation: On the roof for horizontal ducts, inside the building for vertical ducts.

- Function. Supply of hot or cold air.

- Special features: Low or high speed ducts, insulated or not. In the case of existing buildings, the vertical ducts pass through the old collective smoke ducts previously disused.

Individual apartment connections (3) - Location: At the interface between the collective network and private facilities, in each accommodation.

- Functions: Air supply to housing, fire insulation, automatic flow control.

- Special features: Trigger box in the case of a high-speed collective network.

Individual distribution networks (4) - Location: In false ceilings, in the hallway of each dwelling.

- Function: Air distribution in the main rooms, namely bedrooms and living rooms.

- Special features: Separate conduits to avoid phonic bridges and possibly insulated.

- Variant: Visible parallelepipedic hollow slabs of small thickness, made of non-flammable molded material ensuring thermal and sound insulation, glued or screwed to the ceiling, assembled together by special sleeves and fittings.

Individual blowing terminals (5) - Location: In principle above the door of each main room (living room and bedrooms).

- Nature: Air intake with high induction and low noise level.

- Function: Air distribution in the main rooms.

- Special features: Possibility of additional electrical resistance with integrated thermostat, on removable drawer housed in the power supply box of the mouth.

Individual electric convectors (6) - Function: Supplementary heating corresponding to the losses through the walls in rooms not provided with blowing terminals (Kitchen and baths), and supplementary heating in the event that the resistors integrated into the outlets lead to excessive blowing temperature.

Transfer (7)
Passage of air from the main rooms to the service rooms by a clearance under the interior doors (about 1 cm).

Stale air outlet (8)
It is provided by natural draft or by mechanical extraction in the service rooms (Kitchen, Baths, WC, etc.).

Miscellaneous: In each accommodation, the production of domestic hot water and cooking is ensured by electricity.

Variant: When cooling is not essential to ensure summer comfort, the collective air generator is not equipped with a refrigeration unit; insulation of the air ducts inside the building is then optional.

Naturally, the invention is not limited to the principle described above by way of example. It also covers all variants of detail, within the limits of the claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION - For the heating-ventilation functions, the investment cost of the process is of the same order of magnitude as that of direct electric heating with msC.

- Its operating cost is of the same order of magnitude as that of individual heating with a gas boiler.

- Most of the components used are commercially available.

This process is therefore immediately applicable to all residential buildings, existing or to be constructed.

Claims (4)

1. Combination of means, constituting a global all-weather climatic treatment process for new or old residential buildings, characterized by A) A mix of functions due to the simultaneous coverage of heating-ventilation needs in winter and cooling-ventilation needs in summer. B) A mix of systems due to the joint application of collective air-conditioning heating and cooling on the base and individual heating as a backup. C) A mix of heating energies due to the joint use of gas for the collective part and electricity for the individual backup. D) The implementation of the following means and components - A collective filtered hot air generator operating on gas, installed outside on the roof of the building, with additional cold generator when necessary to ensure comfort summer (1). - A collective blowing network, composed of horizontal and vertical ducts, necessarily heat-insulated for the exterior parts or on the roof, heat-insulated or not for the parts located inside the building, and conveying air at normal speed or at high speed (2). - An individual connection per housing, with fire damper, automatic flow control device, and expansion box in the case of a high-speed collective network (3). - An individual air distribution network in each dwelling, in false ceiling (4). - Individual air supply terminals in the main rooms, whether or not fitted with electrical resistances (5). - Electric convectors in certain rooms (6) - Air passages under the interior doors (7). - Outlets and exhaust air ducts in service rooms, with natural or mechanical extraction (8). 2. Combination of means according to claim 1, characterized in that the collective hot or cold air generator comprises a means for stabilizing the air temperature regulation, consisting of a static thermal inertia battery placed downstream of the exchanger. 3. Combination of means according to claim 1, characterized in that, in an installation variant, the individual air distribution network (4) is obtained by assembling visible hollow plates of small thickness, glued or screwed on the ceiling. These plates, possibly molded, are made of non-flammable materials with thermal and sound insulation. 4. Combination of means according to claim 1, characterized in that, in existing buildings, the vertical collective blowing pipes run inside the old collective smoke pipes previously disused.