FR2870326A1 - Collective building e.g. public housing, heating, cooling and ventilation installation, has connections terminating in induction unit assigned to each apartment, and connections connected to main duct returning extracted air to heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation has connections (17) leaving from a fresh air supply duct (15) and terminating in an induction unit assigned to each apartment. An electric low tension battery is in the upstream of each induction unit. Extracted air collecting connections are connected to a main duct returning extracted air to a double flow reversible heat pump (13) of air/air type. Electric back-up heating units (26) are placed in different apartments. The output of the induction unit is provided with air blowing and distribution units to blow and distribute air to the main parts of the apartments. A set of extracting openings, for each apartment, is placed in the kitchen, bathroom and water closet of the apartment.

Description

The present invention relates, in general, to installations

  heating, cooling and ventilation of collective dwellings, particularly but not

  exclusively in buildings of the type called "Houses for Moderate Rent", usually known under the abbreviation "H.L.M.".

  It is understandable that, for this type of housing, heating costs must be kept low, while providing the occupants of housing with adequate comfort, if possible in all seasons.

  Conventional solutions consist of treating, separately, heating on the one hand, and ventilation on the other hand, in dwellings of this type.

  Depending on the region and the type of energy available, the heating of collective dwellings is generally carried out either with gas, using a gas boiler supplying radiators, circulating water, or electrically, by direct electric heating. by means of convectors or other electric radiators placed in the living rooms.

  Ventilation is usually accomplished by a fan-controlled air extraction system, referred to as "Controlled Mechanical Ventilation" (abbreviated as V.M.C.).

  In general, collective dwellings of the kind considered here are devoid of any air conditioning or cooling system. In the rare cases where such a system is present, it constitutes a third equipment, independently constructively and functionally heating systems on the one hand, and air extraction on the other hand.

  In addition, the current homes with electric heating and "Controlled Mechanical Ventilation" have, above the windows, air inlets that are sources of acoustic and thermal discomfort, and also pollution, and for these reasons are often clogged by the occupants of such dwellings, resulting in further disruption.

  It is therefore understandable that current solutions remain relatively expensive, both in initial investment and in operation, without necessarily providing optimal comfort.

  The present invention aims to avoid all of the disadvantages described above, by providing an overall thermodynamic solution for the heating and ventilation of collective dwellings, the proposed solution being able to replace on its own the current gas or electric heating systems and the system of "Controlled Mechanical Ventilation", while allowing in particular in the summer the refreshing of such housing, this solution being thus economic while improving the comfort of the occupants and avoiding certain types of nuisances.

  To this end, the invention provides an installation for heating, cooling and ventilation of collective dwellings, this installation essentially comprising, in combination: - for a housing assembly, a reversible heat pump with double flow, type " air / air ", with internal recuperative heat exchanger, - at least one main duct supplying fresh air, starting from the heat pump and supplying the housing unit under consideration, - connections starting from the main supply duct new air and serving the different housing, each connection resulting in an inductor assigned to a housing, - an electric heating battery disposed on each branch serving a fresh air housing, upstream of the inductor, - output of the inductor, distribution means and air blowing to the main parts of the corresponding housing, - for each housing, a set of extraction mouths placed in the "technical" parts of the housing, - extract air collection connections, connected to at least one main duct bringing the extracted air to the heat pump, and - additional electric heating means, placed in the different dwellings.

  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the connections starting from the main air supply duct lead, for each housing, to an inductor placed in a technical plenum, and the air distribution and blowing means to the main parts of this housing consist of a network of distribution ducts leaving the output of the inductor and directed to the main rooms of the housing considered.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the connections starting from the main air supply duct lead, for each housing, to an inductor placed in a plenum of blowing, provided at its periphery with blast grids making this plenum with the 2870326 3 main rooms of housing. This arrangement makes it possible to improve the operation of the inductor, while eliminating distribution sheaths.

  As for the additional electric heating means, these may consist of: - either direct electric heating appliances, such as convectors or radiant panels, placed in the main rooms of each dwelling, - or, in the case where the output of the inductor is extended by a network of distribution ducts directed towards the main parts of the housing, by terminal "batteries" for electric heating disposed on this ductwork, in particular on the different branches of said ductwork directed respectively to the main rooms of the dwelling.

  Of course, these two possibilities can be combined with each other.

  Thus, the concept of the invention is based on the combination of several interconnected technical elements, involving in particular a reversible heat pump with double flow which ensures, by itself, a minimum heating of the fresh air distributed in the housing, an extraction stale air outside the homes, and in the summer (with an inverted refrigeration cycle) a cooling of the fresh air distributed in the dwellings.

  The assembly thus makes it possible to obtain a basic collective temperature of approximately 12 C in each housing. The additional heating (for example from 12 C to 19 C), in a housing or in each "living" room thereof according to the needs of the occupants, is obtained by the electric auxiliary heating means, or conventional and in particular of the type convectors, specific to the installation proposed here and in this case constituted by batteries of electric heating elements arranged on the fresh air distribution ducts.

  The inductor, which is made according to a known principle, takes up air "in bulk" and allows to distribute, to the main parts of each housing concerned, a total air flow equal to about 1.5 times the flow of "primary" air brought by the connection, from the heat pump, while providing a better uniformity of the blowing temperatures, which avoids the problems of stratification, and the areas of discomfort of conventional air-heating systems .

  The additional power provided by the convectors or the batteries, allows an optimized comfort, according to the variable internal calorific contributions for each housing, and the climatic conditions.

  Overall, the solution object of the invention allows a significant improvement in the quality of the air inside the housing, while maintaining a satisfactory thermal balance. In addition, the installation proposed by the invention has a quiet operation for the occupants of the housing, on the one hand through the implementation of an inductor itself silent, and on the other hand because of the deletion , made possible by the invention, air inlets usually provided in the case of a "Controlled Mechanical Ventilation". Finally, the occupants of the housing benefit from a properly filtered air by the heat pump itself, which further contributes to the quality of indoor air.

  In any case, the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing showing, by way of example, two embodiments of this installation for heating, cooling and ventilation. collective housing: Figure 1 is a partial view, in vertical section, of a building equipped with an installation according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a plan view of a housing of the building concerned, showing a first embodiment of this installation, Figure 3 is a partial view on an enlarged scale, corresponding to a portion of Figure 2, and illustrating a second embodiment of the installation object of the invention.

  Figure 1 shows, in vertical section and in a very simplified way, the upper part of a building 1, or at least a slice of building forming a unit, and more particularly a slice of building served by the same heating system, cooling and ventilation according to the invention. The building 1 comprises, on several levels, housing 2 which can be served by the same technical sheath 3, which extends over the entire height of the building.

  Each housing 2, such as that shown in plan in Figure 2, comprises an entrance hall 4, main living rooms 5, 6 and 7 (living room and bedrooms), and so-called "technical" rooms, it is that is to say wet or specific pollution: kitchen 8, bathroom 9, and WC 10. The sectional view of Figure 1 is assumed to pass through one of the main rooms 5 of each housing 2, and by one of the "technical" pieces 8.

  The entrance hall 4 of each housing 2 is equipped with a false ceiling 11, which delimits, above it, a plenum 12 adjacent to the various parts of the housing 2. According to the embodiment (as specified below) ), the plenum 12 is either a plenum of blowing or a technical plenum.

  As part common to all dwellings 2 of the building block considered, the heating, cooling and ventilation system comprises a heat pump 13, here placed on the roof 14 of the building 1. More particularly, the heat pump 13 is a reversible heat pump with double flow, of the "air / air" type, with variable speed compressor and with heat recovery internal exchanger type "heat pipe" or other. Since this type of heat pump is well known per se, a more detailed description will not be given here.

  The heat pump 13 is connected to a main duct 15 supplying fresh air to the various housings 2 of the building block considered, the main duct 15 extending here inside the technical duct 3. The heat pump 13 is also connected to a main duct 16 for extracting air from the various housings 2, this other main duct 16 being able to extend inside the same technical duct 3. Of course, according to the configuration of the building 1 and the layout of its housing 2, the main ducts for supply of fresh air and extraction can form a more complex network, being distributed in more or fewer technical ducts. The main ducts 15 and 16 and / or the technical duct 3 advantageously benefit from thermal insulation.

  As is illustrated in particular in FIG. 1, the main duct 15 for supplying fresh air comprises, at each level of the building 1, connections 17 which serve the various dwellings 2, for example the two dwellings, of which level. Correspondingly, the main conduit 16 of air extraction comprises, at each level of the building 1, connections 18 from the various housing 2, for example the two housings, of this level.

  In what follows, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, only one housing 2 will be considered, since the equipment of all the housings 2 is similar.

  According to Figure 2, the branch 17, preferably thermally insulated, connected to the main duct 15 for supplying fresh air, opens into the plenum 12 of the housing 2 in question, which is here a plenum blowing. An inductor 19, feasible according to the French patent N 91.04263 / 2.674.943 is placed at the end of the branch 17 located inside the plenum 12. Various blower grids 20, 21 and 22, provided at the periphery of the plenum 12 , communicate the plenum 12 with the respective main parts 5, 6 and 7 of the housing 2.

  In the "technical" parts 8, 9 and 10, there are respective air extraction outlets 23, 24 and 25, in particular fixed self-adjusting type extraction outlets, to which flame-proof cartridges are added. The various extraction outlets 23, 24 and 25 are connected to the branch 18, connecting to the main duct 16 for extracting air.

  In the main rooms 5, 6 and 7 can be installed electric convectors, or other direct electric heaters, as indicated in 26, 27 and 28 in Figure 2.

  There is also provided for each housing 2 a "battery" for electric heating, that is to say a set of electric heating resistors, arranged as indicated schematically at 29 on the branch 17, upstream of the inductor 19.

  Figure 3, in which the elements which correspond to those described above are indicated by the same numerical references, illustrates another embodiment in which, for each housing 2, the plenum 12 is a technical plenum. As previously, the connection 17, connected to the main duct 15 supply fresh air, leads to an inductor 19 placed inside the plenum 12. In this plenum 12, the output of the inductor 19 is extended by a air distribution duct 30, which is divided into several branches 31, 32 and 33 which are directed, respectively, to the main parts 5, 6 and 7 of the housing 2. Each branch 31, 32 or 33 ends in a grid blowing respectively 34, 35 or 36.

  Note that, in this latter embodiment, the convectors installed in the main parts 5, 6 and 7 can advantageously be replaced by terminal "batteries" for electric heating 37, mounted on the various branches 31, 32 and 33 ensuring the distribution of air to these parts 5, 6 and 7 respectively, therefore between the inductor 19 and the different blast grids 34, 35 and 36.

  In general, the distribution of air in the housing 2 considered is effected, from the heat pump 13, through the main conduit 15 and the branch 17 corresponding to the housing 2, and ending in the inductor 19. The latter takes again and brings air into the plenum 12, and the total air flow ("primary" air brought by the connection 17 from the heat pump 13 to which is added the "secondary" air taken up and driven by the inductor 19) is distributed in the main parts 5, 6 and 7: - either by the plenum 12 constituting a plenum of blowing, and by the blast grids 20, 21 and 22 (case of Figure 2); - Or by the sheath 30 and the branches 31, 32 and 33 and their terminal grids blowing 34, 35 and 36 located at the entrance of the main parts (case of Figure 3).

  The air is taken up in the "technical" rooms 8, 9 and 10, by the respective extraction mouths 23, 24 and 25, and the corresponding branch 18, leading to the main duct 16 which leads to the pump heat 13.

  In winter, the recuperator exchanger of the heat pump 13 performs a first heat recovery on the collected hot exhaust air, brought back to this heat pump 13 through the main duct 16. The heat thus recovered is transferred, without consumption of energy, on the incoming fresh air flow. The heat recovery is then completed by the thermodynamic cycle of the heat pump 13 in operation.

  The heat pump 13 thus provides a fresh air flow rate, the temperature of which varies according to the external conditions, but which makes it possible to reach a minimum temperature of about 12 C inside the housing 2, possibly using the heating battery 29 disposed on the connection 17. The additional heating, necessary to go from a temperature of 12 C to a temperature of about 19 C to 20 C inside the housing 2, is done either by the convectors 26, 27 and 28 placed in the main parts 5, 6 and 7, or alternatively by the electric-heating terminal "batteries" 37 arranged in the case of Figure 3, between the inductor 19 and the blast grids 34, 35 and 36, on the branches 31, 32 and 33 respectively.

  In summer, only the cooling cycle of the heat pump 13 is reversed, which allows to obtain a cooling of the housing 2, with a reduction of 2 to 3 C of its internal temperature.

  Given the structure of the installation, in particular of its heat pump 13, it is also possible to envisage (in winter or summer operation) an economical use with recuperative heat exchanger but without a thermodynamic cycle, or else a use with a thermodynamic cycle but without heat recovery.

  As is obvious, and as is apparent from the foregoing, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this installation for heating, cooling and ventilation of collective housing that have been described above, as examples; it embraces, on the contrary, all the variants of construction and application respecting the same principle. Thus, in particular, it would not depart from the scope of the invention by complementary arrangements, such as air filtering devices, or by a change in the location of the means providing a heating additional electric, or by an adaptation of the installation to all configurations of buildings and housing, possibly with modification of the location of the heat pump.

Claims (2)

9 CLAIMS   1. Installation for heating, cooling and ventilation of collective housing, characterized in that it comprises, in combination: - for a housing unit (2), a heat pump (13) reversible double flow, of type "air / air", with internal heat exchanger, - at least one main duct (15) supplying fresh air, starting from the heat pump (13) and supplying the housing unit (2) considered, - Connections (17) from the main duct (15) supplying fresh air and serving the different housing (2), each connection (17) resulting in an inductor (19) assigned to a housing (2), - an electric heating battery (29) disposed on each branch (17) serving a housing (2) with fresh air, upstream of the inductor (19), - at the output of the inductor (19), means (12) , 20, 21, 22;  30 to 36) for distributing and blowing air to the main parts (5, 6, 7) of the corresponding housing (2), - for each housing (2), a set of extraction openings (23, 24, 25) placed in the "technical" rooms (8, 9, 10) of this housing (2), - connections (18) for collecting the extracted air, connected to at least one main duct (16) reducing the air extracted at the heat pump (13), and - electric auxiliary heating means (26, 27, 28, 37), placed in the various housings (2).   2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections (17) from the main duct (15) for supply air for each housing (2), to an inductor (19) placed in a technical plenum (12), and in that the means for distributing and blowing air towards the main parts of this housing consist of a network of distribution ducts (30 to 33) starting from the output of the inductor (19). and directed to the main parts (5, 6, 7) of the housing (2).   3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections (17) from the main duct (15) supplying air for each housing (2), an inductor (19) placed in a plenum of blowing (12), provided at its periphery with blast grilles (20, 21, 22) communicating the plenum (12) with the main parts (5, 6, 7) of the housing (2).   4. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electric auxiliary heating means comprise direct electric heating appliances, such as convectors or radiating panels (26, 27, 28), placed in the main parts (5, 6, 7) of each housing (2).   5. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric auxiliary heating means comprise terminal batteries electric heating (37) disposed on the distribution duct network (30 to 34) from the output of the inductor (19) and directed towards the main parts (5, 6, 7) of the housing (2) in question.