FI59865C - FOLLOWING VENTILATION AV LAEGENHETER OCH LOKALER - Google Patents

Description

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Patent and Registration Holders .... .........,. , - ... . . , (+4) Date of issue and date / date. - n n registerstyrelsen Anjökan utlagd och utl.ikrlften publlcarad jU.UD.Öl (32) (33) (31) Pyydetty etuoikeus — Begird prlorltet 17 * 05 * 76

Sweden-Sweden (SE) 7605577-l (71) (72) Knut Bergdähl, Kvartsgränd 1, S-852 52 Sundsvall, Sweden-Sweden (SE) (7 ^) Munsterhielm Ky Kb (5I +) Method for ventilating buildings and apartments - Förfarande vid ventilering av lägenheter och lokaler

The invention relates to a method of ventilating such buildings and apartments, comprising two or more first rooms adjoining another room, such as a hall or other centrally located room, and communicating in this connection through one or more openings, supplying supply air to the second room. to at least one first room from which exhaust air is removed through the second room.

Most of the current housing stock consists of self-ventilated buildings with the consequent inferior ventilation capacity. In addition, a considerable proportion is made up of building spaces ventilated in a mechanical way, ie by fans. The common disadvantages of these ventilation solutions are the lack of ventilation and high energy consumption. When building a new building, the building premises today are usually equipped with mechanically operated exhaust and supply air ventilation with heat exchange between the exhaust and supply air ducts, which results in a good ventilation level and thermal economy. In the latter 2,59865 solution, the supply air can be heated and can therefore act as a heating medium for dwellings. However, the cost of setting up known exhaust and supply air ventilation solutions is considerable}. compare, for example, U.S. Patent No. 2,120,883, in which fresh air, either heated or cooled for air conditioning, is led from a central corridor to adjoining rooms by thermostatically controlled fans arranged between the corridor and each room.

The invention generally means eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks and enabling efficient ventilation of residential, office and other building spaces while keeping set-up costs low. The invention means, in particular, the provision of a ventilation solution which is not only applicable to the construction of new buildings, but also to the reconstruction of older houses, whether they are equipped with self-extracting ventilation or exhaust ventilation.

These objects are achieved by a method according to the invention, the features of which appear from claim 1.

With the solution according to claim 2, the installation costs can be further reduced and the solution according to claim 3 has the advantage that no odor or fire smoke can penetrate the staircase from the building spaces in question.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, a more detailed description of the exemplary application will follow. The drawings show Fig. 1 a plan view of the residential apartment next to the staircase, and Fig. 2 a perspective view of the building space according to Fig. 1.

In order to describe the invention, it will be discussed below in connection with a conventional residential apartment. However, it must be carefully remembered that the invention is also very advantageously applicable to other types of building spaces than living spaces in particular.

The building space illustrated in the drawings comprises several rooms, all but one of which will be referred to as the "first room" in the following, while the rest will be referred to as the "second room". More specifically, the second room 1 is a hall, the first rooms being bedroom 2, living room 3, kitchen k and bathroom 5 · The first rooms 2, 3, 5 are located adjacent to the second room 1 and are connected to this by one or more openings 9, 9 ', 10 which will be explained in more detail later. The dashed lines in Figure 2 indicate the heat radiators · 3,59865 12, 13, I1 * ·, which can be of any conventional quality.

The method according to the invention comprises maintaining the temperature of the second room 1 in the first rooms 2, 3? ! the exhaust air duct 7, 8 is adapted to direct the exhaust air away from the first rooms 2, 3, 5

In the example, exhaust air ducts are arranged in the first two rooms, more specifically in the kitchen 9 and bathroom 5. By blowing relatively cold air into the second room 1, i.e. the hall, a thermal stratification effect is created, so that colder, heavier air will be in the lower To conduct the blown-in colder air into the first rooms 2, 3, an opening 10 is arranged between each of these and the second room 1, which is located at the bottom and at least closer to the floor than the ceiling.

In each of the first rooms 2 and 3, there will be warm, light ‘exhaust air’ at the top of the room. From these first rooms 2 and 3, exhaust air is led to rooms 5 provided with exhaust air ducts 7, 8 via a second room 1. To enable this, an opening 9, 9 'is arranged between the second room 1 and each of the first rooms 2, 3 on the one hand and between the second room 1 and the first rooms * +, 5 each with exhaust air ducts 7, 8 at the top and at least closer to the ceiling than the floor. . The warm exhaust air is thus led to the upper part of the second room 1 through the openings 9 and from the second room through the openings 9 'to the first rooms if, 5, from which the exhaust air is sucked through the exhaust air ducts 7, 8 according to the air flow arrows clearly shown in Fig. 2.

The heating radiators 12, 13 are provided in the rooms 2 and 3 with air circulation, so that the air at the radiators rises towards the ceiling of the rooms, then cools down and is to be reheated at the radiators. This air circulation contributes to the flow of supply air and exhaust air between the second room 1 and the first rooms 2 and 3.

ι *. 59865

The example does not refer to any downwardly arranged openings between the second room 1 and the rooms ä-, 5 with exhaust air ducts due to the fact that relatively large amounts of exhaust air · from the first rooms 2, 3 through the second room 1 are supplied to these rooms ä-, 5. achieved in rooms ä, 5 normally adequate ventilation. In principle, however, it is also possible to arrange the openings below between the second room 1 and the rooms ä, 5 in order to allow a colder supply of supply air. In all conditions, the exhaust air has to pass exclusively through the openings 9 'from the second room 1 to the first rooms due to the suction effect of the exhaust air ducts 7, 8.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that the opening 9 "is also arranged between the first room 3 and the room 9 with the exhaust air duct 7. Through this opening the exhaust air is led from the room 3 to the room * 4-. However, it should be noted that this opening 9" is not necessary in the invention and that it can therefore be dispensed with, since the discharge from room 3 also takes place via another room 1.

The above-mentioned openings 9, 9f, 9 ", 10 are preferably arranged in doors or door frames between different rooms, although they can be fitted in the walls between rooms.

Of course, the openings 9, 9 ', 9 ", 10 will be of considerable practical importance only when the doors between the rooms are closed. When the doors between the rooms are open, the door openings have to perform the operation of the openings 9, 9', 9", 10. and 3 the lower parts of the door openings will let in colder, heavier supply air to rooms 2 and 3 and the upper parts of the door openings will let out warmer, lighter exhaust air from rooms 2 and 3 to another room 1. The door openings between the second room 1 and rooms ä and 5 will mainly let in rooms ä · and 5 and at the same time exhaust air ducts 7? 8, although certain amounts of colder supply air will also be admitted. Therefore, effective ventilation is maintained in all conditions.

Preferably, the permeability of the openings 9, 9 ', 9 ", 10 is adjustable and this can be achieved with a valve and door device (not shown). Thus, the ventilation is simply adjustable as desired.

The supply of supply air to the second room 1 can take place via a duct leading directly to this (not shown). In normal multi-family type. However, in most dwellings, 5 59865, usually on two or more floors, are located so that their other rooms 1 are bounded by staircase 6. In this case, it is recommended to supply supply air to the other room 1 of each dwelling 1 via staircase 6 and through the input lines 11 arranged between the rooms. The supply air is preferably blown in through an opening 15 in the upper part of the staircase 6 or in the roof, as indicated by broken lines in Figure 1. Blowing cold supply air into the staircase creates a downward flow of colder, heavier air along the landing, while warmer air flows upward mainly to the roof of the staircase and then cools downstream again. This causes air circulation to the staircase 6, which leads to a more uniform temperature. The disadvantage of conventional solutions is further avoided, as the heating of the staircase results in the accumulation of warmer air at the top of the staircase, with the lower part remaining considerably colder. The blowing according to the invention provides a temperature in the staircase 6 which is considerably lower than that in the living rooms 2, 3, 1f, 5 and slightly lower than that in the other rooms 1, which is an energy-saving and pleasant temperature distribution.

Preferably, a certain overpressure is maintained in the staircase when the supply air is blown in and a so-called over-air devices for causing a pressure drop in the supply air as it travels to the other rooms 1. The over-air devices are of a quality known per se from the prior art and preferably comprise fire-retardant and sound-absorbing valve or shut-off devices.

It is preferred that the passage of the over-air devices is adjustable, for example by means of hatch arrangements which allow an optional supply air flow to each of the other rooms 1 in the spaces around the staircase.

In order to achieve good thermal economy, a heat exchanger is provided (not shown) for transferring heat from the exhaust air to the supply air in a manner known per se. This heat exchanger is preferably arranged in the upper part of the house, preferably on its roof, where the outlet flow opening of the exhaust air duct and the inlet air inlet opening are located. In the normal case, ie when the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the heat content of the exhaust air, corresponding to the efficiency of the heat exchanger, usually $ 60-90, will move to the supply air, so there will be a slightly lower temperature than the exhaust air. This colder supply air is then led to the second or other rooms 1, possibly via a staircase.

6 59865 usually without further heating. The supply air supply device is preferably formed by a fan arranged in the supply air duct. To extract the exhaust air, a fan can also be fitted in the exhaust air duct.

If the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, it is of course not possible to blow colder air into one or other rooms 1 without special measures. However, this can be taken into account by fitting the supply air cooling device after the heat exchanger. In this case, the supply air in the heat exchanger is cooled first, because the exhaust air is colder than the outside air, and then the supply air is further cooled in the cooling device. Under these conditions, the plant according to the invention can act as an air conditioner with which both the air supply and its temperature can be adjusted. The operation of the cooling device can advantageously be controlled by thermostats arranged in the supply air duct and possibly also in the exhaust air duct. Thus, one can be sure that the desired desired supply air temperature can be reached.

However, the supply air supply is higher when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, but can of course be interrupted for re-injection when the temperature conditions change, so that the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor temperature. The supply fan can be conveniently controlled by one or more thermostats that detect the outdoor and indoor temperatures.

In practical tests of the apparatus according to the invention, it has been possible to find excellent ventilation between the second room 1 and the adjacent first rooms 2, 3, * +, 5, whether the doors between the rooms are closed or not. The temperature difference of one degree or a few degrees between the second room 1 and the first rooms, obtained by blowing in the colder supply air, has proved to be sufficient. It should be noted, however, that a reduction in ventilation power exists when the doors of the first rooms 5 provided with exhaust air ducts 7, 8 are open while the rooms 2 and 3 are closed.

In the application described above, the exhaust air duct 7, 8 is arranged only in the first two rooms, namely the kitchen b and the bathroom 5 · This solution is of course advantageous in connection with living spaces, since these rooms ohiam sex. In certain types of living quarters, as well as in office apartments and the like, it may be sufficient to provide an exhaust air duct in only one of the first η 59865 rooms. In this case, the exhaust air from the other first rooms is discharged through the second room to the first room with an exhaust air duct.

The advantages of the invention are clear, since efficient ventilation and the import of fresh air can be realized in a simple manner, so that the set-up costs can be minimized and at the same time an excellent heating economy can be ensured. The invention is preferably applicable, except for new buildings, to properties with poor ventilation and to building premises when they are rebuilt. What is needed is to install the supply air duct leading to the staircase (or to another room in each building space), to fit the heat exchanger between the existing or existing exhaust air ducts and the supply air ducts, to make openings in the staircase roof and to make openings between the second room and the first rooms . The openings between the second room and the first rooms are suitably provided by sawing the upper and lower parts of the doors.

One skilled in the art will immediately recognize that it is possible to adjust the ventilation capacity in a simple manner by adjusting or selecting the power of the fire air and exhaust air fan. Furthermore, the ventilation in each private space can be conveniently adjusted if the over-air devices and the openings between the rooms can be adjusted to different open positions.

Of course, the invention is not limited only to the application shown in the drawings, but several variations can be considered possible. Thus, for example, it is conceivable to provide for the blowing of colder fresh air into one room in more than one hall in a building construction. This can be especially true in multi-storey buildings and very large spaces, such as office spaces and the like, where not all rooms are limited to another room, i.e. a hall or another centrally located room. If the property has several staircases, it is suitable to branch the supply air and exhaust air ducts so that a single heat exchanger with supply air and exhaust air fans can be used for the entire property or at least a substantial part thereof. It should also be mentioned that the ventilation solution according to the invention is applicable both in connection with any heating principle, such as underfloor or ceiling heating, etc., and also in the complete absence of heating. Although it has been mentioned above that the supply air normally obtains a suitable temperature in the heat transfer of the heat exchanger from the exhaust air to the supply air,

Claims (3)

8 59865 may in some cases, for example at exceptionally low outdoor temperatures or exceptionally high air supply and exchange in a building space or spaces, provide a suitable supply air supply device. than the air in the first rooms. Other variations are conceivable within the scope of the invention. A method for ventilating such buildings and apartments comprising two or more first rooms (2,3, ^, 5) adjacent to a second room (1), such as a hall or other centrally located room, and connected to one or more through a plurality of openings (9, 10) for supplying supply air to the second room (1), which is then further led to at least one first room (2,3) from which the exhaust air is removed via the second room, characterized in that the supply air from the second room (1) causing the openings or parts of the openings (10) to flow automatically into at least one of the first rooms due to the fact that the temperature of the supply air to the second room (1) is always kept lower than the temperature in the first rooms (2,3, * +, 5); the exhaust air from at least one of the first rooms (2,3) is forced into the openings at high altitudes by the inflow of colder supply air; n or through the opening parts (9) to the upper part of the second room (1) and also through the openings or opening parts O ') high therefrom further to at least one other (^, 5) of the first rooms, such as a kitchen or bathroom, fitted with an exhaust air extractor (7,8) , wherein in the second room (1) the thermal deposition effect is always maintained with colder supply air at the bottom of the room and warmest exhaust air at the top of the room. A method according to claim 1, wherein the rooms (1, 2,3, * +, 5) together form a building space and two or more building spaces, optionally on two or more floors, are located adjacent to their other rooms (1) by a staircase (6), characterized in that the supply air is introduced into the second room of each building space via a staircase and via inlet ducts (11) arranged between the staircase and the other rooms. * Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that an overpressure of the supply air is maintained in the staircase (6).