FR2644490A1 - METHOD AND MACHINE FOR REALIZING AREAS OF REINFORCED GROUNDS CONSISTING OF A MIXTURE OF GRANULAR MATERIAL AND TEXTILE YARNS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the making of earth zones by means of a machine equipped with a movable arm (2), with means (20, 22, 24, 26) for distributing a granular material and with ejectors (8) supplied with textile yarns (10). According to the invention, the machine is equipped, furthermore, with a supporting frame (6) which is removable from the arm head (2) and on which is mounted a carriage forming a support for the ejectors (8) fastened to a shaft which is mounted so as to oscillate about its axis and, moreover, is subjected to an alternating translational motion parallel to its axis of oscillation. The carriage can also be movable in translational motion perpendicularly to the axis of oscillation of the ejector-carrying shaft. The invention is used for making reinforced earth zones.

Description

The subject of the invention is an improved machine for projecting

  textile yarns in particular for producing zones of reinforced ground consisting of a three-dimensional mixture of such yarns suitably entangled and embedded in a granular material, such as

  sand, sent to the field with a high-speed jet.

  The invention also relates to a method for

  form land thus constituted.

  As described in particular in European Patent 80.400.379.6 filed on 21.03. 1980, there is already known a process of intimately mixing a granular material with entanglements of synthetic son. And tests have shown that such a mixture actually has good strength and cohesion, for example by using weight shares of son and sand of the order of 1.5 per thousand with son having for example a 330 decitex (it is recalled that a wire with a title equal to

  a tex has a weight of 1 g per 1,000 m).

  To date, different machines for training

  such lands have already been proposed.

  On the basis of the utility certificate FR-2 572 431 filed October 28, 1984 by the present applicant, there is known in particular a machine for dispensing on a field area a three-dimensional mixture constituted from a granular material and a entanglement of textile yarns suitably distributed and stretched within the material, this machine comprising: a vehicle equipped with at least one orientable arm in site and in the bed, means for dispensing the granular material to bring the latter, which is loaded in the vicinity of the ground, as far as the head of the arm and for projecting this material in a fast jet towards the area of land to be formed, and ejectors fed with textile threads and mounted near the head of the arm to eject at high speed said son towards the area of ground to form. However, it turned out that such a machine had certain disadvantages, in particular with regard to difficulties of production and a lack of flexibility of use. In fact, experience has shown that the use of a commercial vehicle simply equipped with an arm or a telescopic boom can be fully envisaged, a "simple" adaptation at a reduced cost of such a vehicle (lifting device, nacelle vehicle, or excavator) being sufficient to implement the method for obtaining land

  reinforced of the type enunciated above.

  The invention therefore first object an improved machine for obtaining cheaply and with a high utilization efficiency, a suitably reinforced terrain. More specifically, the machine of the invention which is of the general type mentioned above is characterized in that it further comprises: a support frame: removable disposed at the head of the arm and comprising a fitting endpiece equipped with means fastener for fixing the frame on a complementary endpiece of said arm, an operating carriage secured to said frame, the carriage supporting the ejectors, which are mounted on a shaft which, on the one hand, is mounted oscillating in a plane about its axis and is, on the other hand, subjected to an alternating movement of translation in one direction

  substantially parallel to its axis of oscillation.

  Preferably, the maneuvering carriage will be mounted reciprocably in translation along slide rails fixed to the frame and the ejectors will be arranged in a general direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of movement of the carriage and to the oscillation plane. from the tree that carries them. In this way, it will be possible to obtain a perfectly adapted tension son in the layer of granular material and therefore a perfect cohesion of the mixture. In addition, the support frame being removable relative to the arm of the vehicle, its adaptation to a commercial vehicle can be considered in the best conditions of profitability and efficiency. As stated above, the invention also relates to a method for producing a zone of reinforced terrain constituted from a three-dimensional mixture between a granular material and textile threads, this at the

  means of a machine of the general type mentioned above.

  According to the invention, the method envisaged is characterized in that, while a defined quantity of granular material is poured over the area of land to be formed, which has a determined width, this same area of land is covered with textile yarns with a substantially sinusoidal distribution of the wires in the direction

the width of the area.

  In practice, this sinusoidal movement of son distribution within the layer of granular material can be combined an axial translational movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the width of the ground area to

achieve.

  In this way, we will ensure a perfect cohesion of the mixture constituting the ground, whatever the

  nature and location of the latter.

  The invention and its implementation will appear more

  clearly from the following description made in

  reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic overview of the machine of the invention, - Figure 2 is a top view in the direction of arrow II of Figure 1 essentially illustrating the frame of the machine and its constituent elements that fit on the head of the telescopic arm, - Figure 3 is a side view of the same frame in the direction of the arrow III of Figure 2, - Figure 4 is a perspective and exploded view of the main elements of the operating carriage which carries the son ejectors and most of the distribution means of the granular material, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the way the ejectors son are mounted on the oscillating shaft, - Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the drive in translation of the operating carriage, - Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic circuit of the machine, - and the fi FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the portion marked VIII in FIG. 3, showing the mounting principle on the carriage of the dispensing butt of FIG.

granular material.

  We will describe the invention by doing everything

  firstly refer to Figures 1 to 3.

  The machine illustrated in these figures essentially comprises a motorized autonomous vehicle 1 equipped with an arm 2, Which may consist of a telescopic boom. The arm 2 is steerable both in site (vertically) and in position (horizontally). In Figure 1, an angle of elevation oc has been spotted and marked at 4 The vertical axis around which the arm 2 can be oriented in the bearing. It will be noted that these two degrees of freedom make it possible to easily reach the terrain zone to be achieved, without having to move the vehicle 1 too frequently, which can

example be mounted on wheels.

  At the head of the arm (marked 2a) is adapted and fixed a movable support frame identified as a whole 6 on which is mounted, as will be seen in more detail below, a series of ejectors 8 fed with textile threads 10 from schematic coils 12 housed in housings, or creels, 14 fixed to the frame by supporting legs 15. The son 10 to be ejected at high speed to the field area 16 to-realize, the ejectors 8 are supplied with fluid under pressure (such as water) from lines such as 18 connected to a

  tank 19 for storing the fluid, with the interposition of a pump 21.

  And the granular material, generally sand, is distributed through a pipe of high diameter 20 which ends on the side of its end near the frame 6 by a spill stick 22 fixed under the frame. The other end of the pipe 20 is connected to a compressor 24 making it possible to send the granular material at high speed from a loading hopper 26 to the lacrosse.

spill 22.

  As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 2, the support frame 6 comprises an adapter nozzle 28 in which openings 30 are formed which, when the chassis is installed and the machine is ready for operation, come next to orifices 32 formed in a complementary end piece 34 rigidly attached to the head 2a of the vehicle arm. Fasteners (not shown) such as screws or the like ensure the holding in position

relative of the two end pieces 28, 34.

  In FIGS. 2 and 3, it will be further noted the provision on the chassis of a carriage 36 of which the ejectors 8 and their means are integral.

  of alimentatior, as well as the butt 22.

  The carriage 36 is reciprocably movable in translation along two tubes 38, 40 forming slide rails which are fixed at their opposite ends to two beams 42, 44 of the frame and extend along parallel axes 46a, 46b. which can be oriented substantially parallel to the axis of the arm 2

of the vehicle.

  Turning now to Figure 4 to see illustrét more in detail the constitution of the carriage 36. In this Figure 4, there is shown the carriage exploded view. This carriage is first of all constituted by a general frame 48 of which the two sleeves 50, 52 inside which the sliding tubes 38, 40 (not shown in FIG. 4) are rigidly secured. Between two support plates 54, 56, integral with the sleeves and disposed substantially perpendicular to the axes of these sleeves, are mounted two rods 58, 60 which are hinged so as to both oscillate in a general plane 62 directed substantially perpendicular to the axis displacement in translation

of the carriage (axis 46a or 46b).

  In FIG. 4, it will be noted that the head of each connecting rod 58, 60 has a U-shape whose two branches 61 enable the engagement of the connecting rods on the support plates 54, 56, with the interposition of silent-blocks of which one was spotted 64 and represented

schematic way.

  On the side of their feet, the two connecting rods comprise two arms 63 moving apart from each other so as to form an inverted V. At the lower end of the arms 63, there are provided orifices 66 each adapted to receive a silent-block 64 allowing, at the level of orifices 68, the articulation of a connecting piece 70 forming a swing and which can therefore oscillate. in the plan

  general 62 oscillation of the connecting rods.

  Note that the oscillation control is provided by means of an eccentric 72 which engages in a slot 73 of the connecting piece 70, which eccentric is connected by a screw or equivalent 74 to the output shaft 76 of a motor, for example of the hydraulic type 78. A plate 80 ensures the positioning of the motor 78 on the frame 48 of the carriage, via means of

fixation (not shown).

  On the swing connecting piece 70 is also provided a second motor 82 whose output shaft 83 extends substantially parallel to the plane 62 of oscillation

of the "swing".

  On the shaft 83 is articulated a first rod 84 which carries a second rod 86 mounted articulated on a shaft 88 carrying the ejectors 8 including two

  only have been represented for the sake of clarity.

  As clearly shown in Figure 4, the shaft 88 along which will be attached one after the other the ejectors 8, preferably in alignment, is mounted Oscillating 91 91both side arms 90 of the swing, with interposition of bearings 92 and an axis 89 directed substantially perpendicular to the axis of

  translational movement of the carriage.

  The shaft 88 will therefore print the ejectors an oscillatory movement oriented in the direction of a general plane 94 substantially parallel to the axis of displacement in

carriage translation.

  Now, let's go to Figure 5 to briefly describe how ejectors 8 are mounted

on their support shaft 88.

  The ejector illustrated is connected to the carrier shaft via a body 96 secured to a sleeve 98 inside which is mounted a ring 100 surrounding the shaft 88. A protective plate 102 is interposed between the body 96 and the sheath 98 so as to protect the load-bearing shaft, which will in practice be housed at

  inside a housing shown diagrammatically at 104.

  In FIG. 5, it will also be noted that the ejector 8 is extended in the lower part by a tube or nozzle 9 inside which one of the wires 10 passes after it has engaged in an orifice 11. , from

preferably with ceramic walls.

  As for the pressurized fluid which will make it possible to eject the wires at high speed (approximately 10 to 25 m / s), it opens out of one of the conduits 18 in the body 96 inside which passages 98 have been reserved each one in the direction of the hole

The corresponding ejector 8.

  FIG. 6 diagrammatically shows the principle that has been adopted in the invention to ensure the reciprocating translation drive of the carriage 36.

Along its gills 38, 40.

  For the drive of this trolley, it was first provided a jack 106 comprising a body 108 fixed to the frame 6 of the machine, for example on one of the beams

42, 44.

  The body 108 contains a piston 110 which defines, inside said body, chambers 112, 114 each fed with pressurized fluid, such as oil, from two lines 116, 118 connected to a pump

  hydraulic (not shown in this Figure 6).

  In addition, on either side of the central piston 110 extend two cylinder rods 120, 122 sealing chambers 112, 114 and extending in such a way that the piston 110 is subjected to the pressure of the fluid, Train them in the same diagrammatic direction 124, alternatively

in one direction or the other.

  Towards each free end of the cylinder rods, is mounted a pulley, respectively 126, 128. On each pulley passes a cable 130, 132. The cables are fixed each at their opposite ends, from one side to the free end (respectively 126a, 128a) of the corresponding rod, after passing over a pulley 134, 136 integral with the body 108 of the cylinder and, on the other side, on the carriage 36 (at 36a, 36b). Complementary pulleys 138, 140, 142, 144 are further provided to guide the cables 130, 132 and

ensure their return.

  With such an arrangement, the movement of the carriage is as follows: Suppose that a given quantity of pressurized fluid is delivered through the conduit 116. The piston is then moved in the direction of the nozzle 146, driving with it the pulleys 126 and 128 through the cylinder rods 120 and 122. By the return pulleys 138-144, the displacement of the cylinder rods and therefore the cables 130-132, will affect the carriage 36 which will, in this case, be driven a corresponding distance in the direction of the arrow 148, along its guide rails. Of course, an increase in pressure in the other chamber 114 of the jack, via the pipe

  118, would cause the translation in the opposite direction of the carriage.

  We will now look at Figure 7 to briefly present the hydraulic control circuit of

the machine of the invention.

  As illustrated, this circuit firstly comprises a hydraulic pump 150 connected to a reservoir 152 to

fluid, such as oil.

  From this reservoir, a distribution line 154 circulates passing successively through a first solenoid valve 156 (or equivalent) for controlling the travel in translation of the carriage 36, then a second solenoid valve 158 for controlling the motor 78 (which provides the drive "lateral" oscillation of the ejectors 8, perpendicular to the translation axis of the carriage 36) and finally, a third solenoid valve 160 for controlling the motor 82 (which ensures the oscillation drive of these same ejectors in the general plane 94 of the 4, parallel to the axis of translation of the carriage). At the output of the third solenoid valve 160, the portion 155 of the pipe 154 is looped on the pump 150. Note that the provision of a pressure regulator 174 is preferably provided on the pipe 176 which connects between the nodes 178 and 180, the line 155 to the line 154 leaving the tank 152. In addition, it will preferably be placed on the lines 162, 164, 166 which respectively connect the solenoid valves 156, 158 and 160 to the carriage 36 and the motors 78 and 82, flow limiters schematized in 168,

170 and 172.

  We will not describe the operation of the hydraulic circuit as it appears as if

made classic.

  On the other hand, reference is now made to FIG. 8 to present the method of attachment to the operating trolley 36 of the spill stick of the granular material. In this figure 8 which is a simplified enlarged view in perspective with tearing of the part marked VIII in Figure 3, it will be noted that the dispensing handle 22 is fixed under the frame 48 of the carriage 36 by

  two complementary means 182, 184.

  The first attachment means 182 comprises an anchoring tab welded at 186 on the stock and connected at its upper part to a transverse rod 188 engaging towards its two opposite ends in two series of notches 190, 190 'formed in two support beams 192, 194 fixed under the frame 48 of the carriage. Given the planned arrangement of the series of orifices 190, 190 'which extend parallel to the axis of movement of the carriage, it will thus be possible to adjust the grip 22 by

  relation to the carriage in the direction of its displacement.

  To ensure adjustment of the angle of discharge of the granular material, it has been provided that the second attachment means 184 is constituted by a link of adjustable length hinged on the one hand on a collar 196 enclosing the butt 22 and the other. on the other hand, at its opposite end, on a hinge joint 198 (or

  equivalent) fixed to the frame 48 (attachment not shown).

  By way of conclusion, we will now present the operation of the machine of the invention which comes

to be described.

  We will first go quickly to the general principle on which is based the realization of the reinforced terrain zone (marked 16 in Figure 1), namely the fact of coming to deposit on this area a three-dimensional mixture made from, d on the one hand, a granular material (such as sand) which is discharged at the end of the stick 22 in a relatively high velocity jet (in the order of 1 to 3 m / s) and other part of a set of textile yarns ejected, usually under water pressure, by

ejectors 8.

  On the basis of this principle, the peculiarity of the present invention is in reality to come to cover son of the field of land in progress in a sinusoldale distribution, this of course at the same time that is issued on the same area a quantity suitable and adapted granular material, so that the wires

  are embedded in the material and properly entangled.

  Given the planned embodiment of the machine, the general axis of the sinusoids will be directed according to the width l (Figure 1) of the terrain area, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the axis of translation displacement of the carriage on the chassis 6 of the machine, this sinusoidal movement resulting from the oscillation and the reciprocating displacement of the ejectors 8 parallel to the planes 62 and 94 of FIG. 4, via the beat movements of the shaft 88 and

  of the swing piece 90, respectively.

  In practice, this "lateral" sinusoidal movement will combine the movement resulting from the translation displacement of the carriage 36, resulting in a progressive displacement of the sinusoids in the direction of the length L (FIG. 1) of the zone and therefore a uniform total coverage of the entire area of land to be achieved, all the more so that the position of the stick and the angle P of spill granular material can be adjusted to

will (see Figure 8).

  It will be noted that as a general rule, given the tests that have been carried out, when the frame 6 of the machine is about 1 m above the ground, the jets of son and granular material meet just at

  ground level, thus ensuring the best possible mixing.

  By way of example, it will be noted that good results have been obtained by adjusting the oscillation of the ejectors 8 parallel to their beat plane 94 (that is to say along the axis of movement of the carriage) with a angle of the order of 180 and an oscillation frequency of the order of 25 Hz. During these tests, the beat

  "Lateral" of these same ejectors according to the plan-

  perpendicular 62 had been adjusted with an amplitude of about 6 cm and a frequency of about 2 Hz. The yarns were then properly tensioned with a perfect and regular coverage of the area and the mixture had a good

perfect cohesion.

  Note also that during these tests, it had been provided a central control unit marked 3 in Figure 1 remotely ensuring the start of the machine and the adjustment of the stroke of the carriage 36 in function

  the depth L of the field area to be realized.

Claims (7)

  A machine for forming on a ground an area (16) formed from a three-dimensional mixture of a granular material and suitably entangled textile yarns embedded in the material, of the type comprising: a vehicle (1) equipped with at least one arm (2) orientable in a site and in a bed, - means (20, 22, 24, 26) for dispensing the granular material to bring the latter, which is loaded close to the ground, up to the head of the arm (2) and for projecting this material in a fast jet towards the area (16) of land to be formed, - and ejectors (8) fed textile son (10) and mounted in the vicinity of the arm head (2). ) for ejecting said yarns at high speed towards the area of land to be formed, said machine being characterized in that it further comprises: a frame (6) removable support disposed at the head of arms (2) and comprising a adapter piece (28) equipped with fixing means (30, 32) for fixing the frame on a complementary end piece (34) of said arm, - an operating carriage (36) integral with said frame (6), the carriage supporting the ejectors (8) which are fixed on a shaft (88) which is, on the one hand , oscillatingly mounted in a plane (94) about its axis (89) and is, on the other hand, subjected to reciprocating translation movement in a direction substantially parallel to its oscillation axis (89).   2. Machine according to claim 1 characterized in that the carriage (36) is mounted to move in translation along slides (38, 40) for sliding fixed to the frame (6) and the ejectors (8) are arranged in a direction generally substantially perpendicular to the axis (46a, 46b) of movement of the carriage and to the plane (94)   oscillation of the shaft (88) which carries them. Z644490   3. Machine according to claim 2 characterized in that the ejectors (8) of son are mounted in alignment with the shaft (88) which carries them, which shaft, so as to print the ejectors an oscillatory movement directed in a plane ( 94) substantially parallel to the axis of movement of the carriage, is mounted oscillating on a linkage forming a swing (70) which is articulated on connecting rods (58, 60) which are themselves articulated on the carriage (36) of such that said swing (70) can move in a direction (62) substantially perpendicular to the axis of travel of the carriage (36), on the one hand, and the plane of oscillation (94) of the ejectors (8) on the other hand, under the action of an eccentric (72) moved by a motor (78).   4. Machine according to any one of   claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the means for   distribution (20, 22) of the granular material terminate, towards the head of arm (2), by a butt (22) pouring which is fixed under the carriage (36) via means of attachment (188) engaging in series of notches (190, 190 ') formed successively in directions substantially parallel to the axis of movement of the carriage (36) in support pieces (192, 194) fixed to said carriage so as to allow an adjustment of the position of the butt (22) relative to the carriage   parallel to the axis of movement of the latter.   5. Machine according to claim 4 characterized in that the butt (22) is further attached to the carriage (36) via a link (184) of adjustable length, capable of varying the angle J d tilt of the butt and so the direction of projection of the granular material.   6. Machine according to any one of   preceding claims characterized in that   further comprises a jack (106) having a body (108) attached to the frame (6), said body enclosing a piston (110) which defines, within the body, two chambers (112, 114) each supplied with fluid under pressure so that the piston (110) alternately drives in translation in a given direction (124) two rods (120, 122) of cylinder, each being secured, at its free end, a pulley (126, 128) on which a cable (130, 132), which is fixed at its opposite ends, is connected at one end to the free end of the corresponding rod (120, 122) after passing over a return pulley (134, 136) attached to the cylinder body and, on the other side, to the carriage (36) with the interposition of   complementary pulleys (138, 140, 142, 144) for returning.   7. A method for producing a zone of reinforced ground constituted from a three-dimensional mixture of a granular material and suitably entangled textile yarns and embedded in the material, by means of a machine comprising ejectors (8) supplied with yarns textile fabrics for ejecting these yarns at high speed towards the area of land to be produced, and distribution means (20, 22, 24, 26) of the granular material for projecting this material towards the field zone in question according to a fast jet, characterized in whereas, while a defined quantity of granular material is poured over the area of land, which has a determined width, the same area is covered with textile yarns with a substantially sinusoidal distribution of the yarns in the width direction; l of said zone.