FR2625516A1 - TEXTILE BARRIER FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL AND / OR THERMAL AGGRESSION - Google Patents

Abstract

A textile barrier for protection against any mechanical and/or thermal attack and applications of the barrier in the field of clothing and seats. It will find its application in many different fields such as clothing, furnishing, building, aeronautics, all kinds of transport and in general all applications in which it is necessary to have protection against, for example, attack by fire, explosion, projectiles, bullets, vandalism and the like. According to the invention, the textile protective barrier is in the form of at least one layer of nonwoven fibre of the aromatic polyamide type such as aramid.

Description

The invention relates to a textile barrier for protecting against

  mechanical and / or thermal attack and barrier applications in the field of

clothes and seats.

  It will find its application in many different fields such as for clothing, furniture, building, aeronautics, all types of transport and in general all applications in which it is necessary to protect against for example attacks by fire, by explosion, by projectiles, by bullets, by vandalism, etc. Indeed, in many cases, it is on the one hand interesting to avoid any damage whatsoever and / or on the other hand to facilitate shock absorption.

mechanical provoked.

  A first type of aggression to which it is important

  to make up for safety issues is aggression

  fire or the like. In many specific cases, the use of certain materials or materials is mandatory by their technical function, however these materials have low fire resistance and usually cause

  noxious fumes emitted when they are braised.

  It is therefore interesting to have a protective textile barrier that can contain the aggression of fire and prevents fire spread to these materials.

flammable.

  This is the case for example very specific to the realization of seats used in particular in transport vehicles, an area in which safety is required. Thus, generally there is interposed between the upholstery fabric and the inner padding of the seat, a protective barrier which prevents this padding is degraded during a fire in

  giving off toxic fumes and maintaining fire.

  In another field which is that of clothing, in many cases it is also necessary to have protective textile barriers against mechanical and / or thermal attacks to protect the individual who wears such a garment of aggression provoked by his occupation. In particular, such uses are found in the production of protective suits for racing pilots, or work clothes such as those used in steel mills or foundries, or even for

  making bulletproof vest or the like.

  In cases of protection against mechanical aggression, a first requirement is to stop the penetration of the projectile or the like. Added to this is the fact that it is advantageous to weaken the shock wave and dampen the

thrust caused by this shock.

  These mechanical protection functions are in particular necessary to stop the projectiles, such as bullets, splinters or possibly knives. In other cases, these mechanical protection functions must be supplemented by thermal protection functions whose purpose is to create a fire barrier that blocks the transmission of heat to the inside protected. This is especially true during an explosion

  or projection of molten particles.

  Protective armor has long been used for rigid penetration-resistant materials and special metals have been developed for

respond to this use.

  To soften these shields, it has also made semi-rigid leather armor made from leather and strips of metal overlapping in the manner of roof tiles for example. However, these protective shields although effective, are not often convenient to use

  since they are more generally unsightly.

  In addition, the technological development of textile fibers has made it possible to develop a number of fibers that make it possible to make non-fire fabrics. The characteristics of these fabrics lie in the fact that they do not propagate the flame and that they hardly release

or little toxic gas while burning.

  One of the disadvantages of these fabrics lies in the fact that, if they provide good fire resistance, they are completely ineffective as a fire barrier because, under the mechanical action of the flame, these tissues after having been carbonized are reduced to powder and therefore have no role

barrier.

  In another field, fibers with a high mechanical strength are also known, this is particularly the case for aromatic polyamide fibers such as aramid. However, these fibers have a certain resistance against fire protection but it is sometimes interesting to increase the effectiveness of this fire barrier. Similarly, such fibers are sometimes used for the manufacture of protective workwear and

  present in the form of a fabric.

  However, these present for the user a certain discomfort due to the structure of the same fibers that do not substantially absorb water and prohibit any breathing through this barrier. However, such fabrics do not absorb shock or wave

shock during the aggression.

  However, some protective textile barriers have been tested using fire retardant

  superimposed on metal fabrics or fiberglass.

  However, these have not been entirely satisfactory because some problems appear in the weaving, the shock absorption and also it is difficult to vary the density of the materials used and to make

the homogeneous barrier.

  The object of the present invention is to provide a textile barrier for protection against any mechanical and / or thermal attack, such as attack by fire, explosion, projectile, vandalism or other, which makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages and to respond to the measures of

aforementioned security.

  One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a textile barrier for protection against mechanical and / or thermal aggression, which is flexible, and which offers good resistance to aggression to make it compatible with applications in clothing, clothing and clothing. furnishing, the building, the means of transport and, more generally, to make a protective armor against

any attack.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a textile barrier for protection against mechanical aggression, which allows, in addition to stopping the attack, to dampen the thrust caused by the shock and

to weaken the shock wave.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a protective textile barrier against any mechanical attack and / or heat, which is reinforced during a fire attack to provide the textile barrier

  a uniform holding of the carbonized skeleton.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a textile barrier for protection against mechanical and / or thermal aggression which, by its structure, can be easily achieved on the manufacturing means

traditional industries.

  Other objects and advantages of the present invention

  will appear in the following description, which will

  however, is only indicative and does not have

purpose of limiting it.

  According to the present invention, the textile barrier for protection against any mechanical and / or thermal attack, such as attacked by fire, by explosion, by projectiles, by vandalism or otherwise, is characterized by the fact that it is the shape of at least one non-fiber layer

  woven of aromatic polyamide type such as aramid.

  Furthermore, the present invention proposes an embodiment of the textile barrier according to the invention and its

  application to the production of protective clothing.

  In addition, according to the invention, the textile barrier is also applicable to the production of vandal and fire protection screens for seats or

Similar.

  The invention will be better understood on reading the

  following description accompanied by drawings forming part of it

  integral. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the protective textile barrier of the

present invention.

  FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a variant of the first embodiment of the textile barrier of FIG. 1 in which the layer is formed of density plies;

and of different thickness.

  Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of

  the protective textile barrier of the present invention.

  FIGS. 4 to 6 respectively show sectional views illustrating other variants of embodiment of FIG.

  textile protective barrier of the present invention.

  The present invention aims a textile barrier for protection against any mechanical and / or thermal aggression as well as a specific application in the field of clothing and another application in the field of

realization of seats.

  Apart from these two specific applications, naturally the textile barrier of the present invention will find its application in any field where it is necessary to protect against attacks by fire, by explosion,

  by projectiles, by vandalism or otherwise.

  The interest of the protective textile barrier of the present invention is twofold since it makes it possible to protect against any mechanical aggression of the projectile, bullet, flash, and / or thermal type type as is the case during fires, explosions or projections caused in

various industrial fields.

  In this regard, it should be noted that in many cases of use, the protection must be simultaneous because during fire or projection of molten material for example, it is naturally necessary to have a fire barrier , but it must resist the effect

  mechanical provoked by these aggressions.

  That being so, the protective textile barrier (1) of the present invention is, as shown in particular in Figure 1, in the form of at least one layer (2) of fiber

  nonwoven of the aromatic polyamide type.

  It should be noted that said layer (2) can have a density and a thickness that vary according to the application to which the barrier is intended. In particular, these parameters will be varied according to the damping factor of the shock

that we want to get.

  In this regard, to promote damping, as shown in FIG. 2, said layer (2) of aromatic polyamide type fiber comprises a succession of nonwoven layers of aromatic density polyamide fibers (6, 7, 8) and of different thickness. Here again, the thicknesses and

  densities are adapted according to the considered application.

  In addition, it should be noted that the textile barrier (1) may also include in its thickness a textile support (I1) or metallic woven or knitted or other as the

shows for example Figure 6.

  That being so, in order to further increase the fire resistance of the protective textile barrier (1) of the present invention even more significantly, it comprises, according to another embodiment, at least one sandwich of two layers. (2) and (3), each of the layers also having a density and a thickness that vary according to the application to

  which barrier is intended.

  For example, as shown particularly in Figure 3, the first layer (2) consists of at least one sheet of fibers of the aromatic polyamide type. These fibers are remarkable for their mechanical strength thanks to

  important molecular orientation.

  Aramid fibers, which are part of the family of aromatic polyamides and which are marketed for example under the trademark "KEVLAR" by the

Company of the bridge of Nemours.

  For example, as shown particularly in FIG. 3, the second layer (3) consists of at least one layer of fibers of the polyacrylate type. Such fibers are remarkable for their resistance to the action of heat and that of chemicals. In addition, in case of fire, their fire resistance prevents the formation of smoke and toxic gases. Such fibers are known in particular under the

  brand "INIDEX" marketed by the Company COURTAULDS. -

  Given the current manufacturing techniques, these layers will be in the form of sheets of non-woven fibers or felt, which will easily vary their thickness and density as needed. As regards their assembly, it can be done by any means traditionally known, that is to say by sewing, by gluing or by any other mechanical means such as

such as needling.

  Furthermore, according to a variant of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the interface (4) between said first and second layers (2) and (3) is in the form of a third layer (5). ) obtained by at least partial mixing of the fibers of said first and second layers (2) and (3). Thus, at this third layer (5) there is in the presence of a homogeneous mixture of aramid fibers and polyacrylate fibers, which has the advantage at the moment of the action of the fire to preserve the carbonized skeleton. good mechanical cohesion avoiding crack formation. This is particularly interesting for the complex to retain its protective barrier effect and to prevent the portion protected by the barrier from being subjected, for example, to the action

of the flame.

  In other words, one finds oneself in front of a textile complex whose first layer of fibers of the aromatic polyamide type has excellent resistance to mechanical aggression, the second layer of fibers of the polyacrylate type having excellent resistance to flame from the point of view thermal, and whose third layer forms a

  fibrous structure that holds the whole after the fire.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, said first and second layers (2) and (3) being in the form of sheets of non-woven fibers, said third layer (5) is made by needling the fibers of said first and second fibers. layers (2) and (3) at the level of

their interface (4).

  Thus, polyacrylate fibers of the layer (3) are penetrated into the layer (2), which improves the anti-fire character of the aromatic polyamide fibers, and conversely the aromatic polyamide fibers of the layer (2) penetrate in the layer (3) to improve the skeleton

fibrous of the whole.

  By this embodiment, there is a mechanical link between the layers (2) and (3) by entanglement of the fibers, which has the advantage in particular on a solution where the two layers (2) and (3) are simply superimposed on each other. have a mechanical strength instead of a separation of the two layers after the fire. Thus, the barrier effect of the

complex of the present invention.

  Furthermore, according to another variant of the present invention, as illustrated in particular in the figure, it is also possible to increase the effect of mechanical strength and shock absorption by producing said first layer (3) of fibers of the polyamide type. in the form of a succession of nonwoven webs of aromatic polyamide fibers (6, 7) of different density and thickness depending on the

needs of use.

  In this respect, it will be possible to use a ply (7) formed of a felt of aramid fibers of lower density but of greater thickness, in order to increase the effect

damping of the shock wave.

  In another variant of the present invention, as represented in FIG. 6, the protective textile barrier (1) is formed of a sandwich comprising successively at least: a layer (3) formed of a layer of fibers of polyacrylate type, - a layer (2) formed of one or more layers of fibers (6 to 9) of aromatic polyamide type, - a layer (10) formed of a sheet of polyacrylate type fibers. Thus, we obtain a complex that allows the formation of a protective textile barrier which, in a way, is reversible vis-à-vis aggression. Furthermore, the barrier (1) may also include in its thickness a woven or knitted textile or metal support (11) or other, as shown in particular in FIG.

figure 6.

  In general, the various layers (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) are in the form of nonwoven fiber plies, the various plies being assembled together by needling at each interface. between tablecloths. However, one could consider assembling the

  different layers or some of them by gluing.

  The nonwoven therefore has a first advantage vis-à-vis the mechanical attachment but also has a second advantage inherent in its structure, namely the ability to modulate the thickness and density of each sheet in function

  desired uses and resistances.

  According to the present invention, the textile barrier formed of said two or three layers (2, 3, 5) will find an interesting application for the production of protective clothing. Indeed, said textile barrier will be applied as padding for a combination of pilots, or clothing of

  protection of the iron or steel type or foundry, or the like.

  In this case, said second layer (3) formed of polyacrylate type fibers will advantageously be directed towards

the user of the garment.

  This will allow the user a certain comfort because we will use the absorbency of liquid of the layer

polyacrylate type.

  This presents an important advantage vis-à-vis what is currently known. Indeed, remember that the aramid fibers are sometimes used to achieve these combinations but have the disadvantage of being impervious to moisture. Thus, the individual feels a situation of discomfort in his garment due to the non-absorption of perspiration, especially since the aramid forms a screen and

  poke any breath through it.

  In the same vein, according to the present invention, the textile barrier can be used for the production of vandal and anti-fèu screens

for seats or the like.

  Indeed, in the seats is generally used as padding synthetic materials that have interesting characteristics vis-à-vis the comfort of the seat but have the disadvantage of releasing vapors

  toxic and burn with a flame.

  This is why it is interesting to have a protective barrier between the padding materials and the

  outer lining of the seat itself.

  In this case, use will be made, for example, of a barrier of the type shown in FIG. 6 or the like which shows a layer (3 and 10) formed of a layer of fibers of

  polyacrylate type on each outer face of the barrier.

  Thus, one of said layers (10) is directed towards the seat of the seat to play its role as a moisture absorber as in the previous application to clothing, and the other layer (3) is directed to the cushioning material for

  perform its role of fire barrier.

  In addition, the layer (s) of aromatic polyamide fibers forming the layer (2) are determined to withstand mechanical attacks such as projectiles or stabbing. However, other combinations as described in FIGS. 1 to 5 could be used according to the

  security and / or comfort functions sought.

  By way of nonlimiting example, the compositions below have given good results:

EXAMPLE 1

  Against the anti-vandalism of transport seats, a protective barrier of 660 g / m2 was created formed by the combination of layers of aramid layers of different weights and densities reinforced with fire resistance by a layer of

polyacrylate according to Figure 4.

  The layer (3) is an assembly of five aramid webs of the following weights and densities: - 1st web 60 g / m 2 - average density, - 2nd web 100 g / m 2 - low density, - 3rd web 100 g / m 2 - high density, - 4th layer 100 g / m2 - low density,

  - 5th sheet 100 g / m2 - high density.

  The strengthening of thermal protection is

  provided by the layer (2) of polyacrylate 200 g / m2.

  The assembly made by needling forms

the interface (4).

EXAMPLE 2

  Against splinters, a protective barrier of 3000 g / m 2 was produced according to FIG. 2 made by assembling nine layers of aramid of different weights and densities: - first layer 400 g / m 2 - high density, 2nd layer 400 g / m2 - low density, - 3rd ply 400 g / m2 - high density, - 4th ply 200 g / m2 - low density, - 5th ply 200 g / m2 average density, - 6th ply 200 g / m2 - low density, - 7th layer 400 g / m2 - high density, - 8th layer 400 g / m2 - low density,

  - 9th layer 400 g / m2 - high density.

  The assembly is made by needling.

  Naturally, other implementations of the present invention within the reach of those skilled in the art could have been envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.

present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. Protective textile barrier (1) against any mechanical and / or thermal attack, such as attack by fire, explosion, projectile, vandalism or other, characterized by the fact that it presents itself in the form of at least one layer (2) of nonwoven fiber of the type   aromatic polyamide such as aramid.   2. Protective textile barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that said layer (2) of aromatic polyamide type fiber comprises a succession of nylon fibers (6 to 9) nonwoven fibers.   aromatic density and different thickness.   3. Protective textile barrier according to claim 2, characterized in that it has in its thickness a textile or metallic support. woven or knitted or not (11).   4. - Protective textile barrier, according to claim 1, character 6 ris 4 e in that it consists of a sandwich of two layers (2) and (3), the first (2) being constituted at least a sheet of fibers of the aromatic polyamide type, such as aramid, the second (3) consisting of at least one layer of fibers of the polyacrylate type. 5. Protective textile barrier according to claim 4, characterized in that the interface (4) between said first and second layers (2) and (3) is in the form of a third layer. (5) obtained by at least partial mixing of the fibers   said first and second layers (2) and (3).   6. Protective textile barrier, according to claim 4, characterized in that it is formed of a sandwich comprising at least successively: a layer (3) formed of a sheet of polyacrylate type fibers; - a layer (2) formed of one or more layers of aromatic polyamide fibers (6 to 9), - a layer (10) formed of a polyacrylate fiber sheet. 7. Anti-fire textile barrier, according to one   any one of the preceding claims, c a r a t i   It is ensured by the fact that the different plies (2, 3, 5 to 9) are assembled together by needling at the level of each interface between layers.   8. Application of the textile barrier according to one   any of the preceding claims, to the production of   protective clothing, vandal protection screens   and anti fire for seats or the like.   9. Application of the textile barrier according to claim 8, to the production of garments, said layer (3) of polyacrylate type fiber being directed towards the user of the garment.   10. Application of the textile barrier according to claim 8, to the production of seats or the like, said layer of polyacrylate type fiber being directed towards the seat of the seat.