CN217658310U

CN217658310U - Nonwoven thermal insulation fire-proof fabric for clothing

Info

Publication number: CN217658310U
Application number: CN201890001516.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢尔盖·尤维奇·奥卢布科夫; 叶夫根尼·弗拉基米罗维奇·科托夫
Original assignee: Global Nonwovens Factory Co ltd
Current assignee: Global Nonwovens Factory Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-01-26
Filing date: 2018-12-26
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2028-12-26
Also published as: AT17540U1

Abstract

The utility model relates to a non-woven heat-insulating fireproof fabric for clothing, which is used for forming a lining layer of the clothing. The technical result of the utility model is to improve the fire resistance and the overall thermal resistance of the thermal insulation material, while maintaining the integrity of the material. A nonwoven insulating fire-blocking fabric for a garment, comprising a mixture of polymer fibers joined to the fabric by thermal bonding, and comprising concentric core-sheath types of polymer fibers and bicomponent fibers. The bicomponent fibers have a linear density of 0.22tex and the polymer fibers comprise oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers having a linear density of 0.17tex, wherein the mixture contains (in weight%) 20-30% bicomponent fibers and 70-80% oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers. In this mixture, the mass ratio of bicomponent fiber to oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber is 1 to 3. Structurally, the material consists of three layers: an upper layer, a lower layer and an inner layer. The upper and lower layers are stronger than the inner layer and are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer regions of the material using hot calender rolls.

Description

Non-woven heat-insulating fireproof fabric for clothing

The utility model relates to a non-woven fiber thermal insulation material with fire resistance for form the lining layer of clothes. The insulating material can be used as lining for all types of clothing, special products and fittings, mainly for making high and new technical garments aimed at preventing thermal risks.

The presence of a nonwoven barrier flame retardant material for forming the lining layer of a garment is known from the prior art, comprising a mixture of polymeric fibers joined to a single fabric by thermal bonding, and comprising a bicomponent fiber of the "core-sheath" type with a concentric arrangement of polymeric fibers, including non-combustible flame-resistant viscose fibers (see RU 34549 U1, 12/10/2003, which has been selected as a prototype). The total weight fraction of the non-combustible refractory viscose fibres and the bi-component fibres in the material is not more than 50%.

A disadvantage of the prototype material is insufficient fire resistance, because the content of non-combustible refractory fibres therein is too low. Exposing such materials to the flame of a gas burner causes the appearance of holes and burning of their edges. Since the weight content of the bicomponent fibres in such a material is not indicated, such a material may have insufficient fibre bonding, which will result in a reduction of the strength of the insulation material, a loss of its integrity, and a high migration of the insulation material fibres due to an insufficient number of glue sites. Since the total weight fraction of non-combustible, fire-resistant viscose fibres and bicomponent fibres in the material does not exceed 50%, the content of bicomponent fibres will decrease, i.e. their strength, as long as the content of non-combustible fibres in the prototype material increases (and as long as the fire resistance increases). The overall thermal resistance of the material is also very low.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase both the fire resistance and the total thermal resistance of the insulation material, while maintaining its integrity (high strength).

The claimed nonwoven insulating fire-barrier material for forming a garment backing layer comprises a mixture of polymeric fibers joined to a single fabric by thermal bonding and comprises a bicomponent fiber having a concentric arrangement of polymeric fibers and a "core-sheath" type.

According to the present invention, the bicomponent fibres have a linear density of 0.22tex and the polymer fibres comprise oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibres having a linear density of 0.17tex, wherein the weight percentages of the above mixture components are as follows: bicomponent fibres-20-30%, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibres-70-80%, wherein in such a mixture the ratio of the weight share of the bicomponent fibre component to the weight share of the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibres is 1/4 to 3/7, and the structure of the material comprises three layers: an upper layer, a lower layer and an inner layer, wherein the upper and lower layers have a higher strength than the inner layer and have been formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer region of the material by the hot roll of the calender.

Additionally, the fabric should have a weight unevenness of no more than 7%.

The utility model is shown by the attached drawings. FIG. 1 shows a plot of the limiting flame spread index according to GOST (national Standard of Russian Federal) ISO 14116 as a function of the weight content in% of bicomponent fibers having a predetermined density and the weight content in% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers having a predetermined density in the material; total thermal resistance (in m) ² c/W) versus the weight content in% of bicomponent fibers having a predetermined density and the weight content in% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers having a predetermined density in the material; and a plot of strength (load at break in the length direction in N) versus the weight content in percent of bicomponent fibers having a predetermined density and the weight content in percent of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers having a predetermined density in the material; figure 2 shows the resulting structure of the claimed material.

A nonwoven insulating fire-barrier material for forming a backing layer of a garment includes a mixture of polymeric fibers joined to a single fabric by thermal bonding. By way of non-limiting example, in the claimed insulation material, the fibers are the primary fibers 51mm long. As another non-limiting example, fibers 5-70mm long may be used. In cloth (fabric), the fibers are joined by thermal bonding, which is the purpose of adding a binder in the form of bicomponent fibers to the mixture composition.

The claimed material comprises concentrically arranged polymer fibers and bicomponent fibers of the "core-sheath" type having a linear density of 0.22 tex. By way of non-limiting example, the sheath polymer is selected from lower polyolefins (e.g., high pressure polyethylene, polypropylene) or copolymers of lower olefins having a melting temperature of 110-180 ℃ (e.g., copolymers of polyethylene or co-polyethylene terephthalate), and the core polymer is polyethylene terephthalate having a melting temperature of 230-270 ℃. Since the melting point of the sheath polymer is lower than the melting point of the polyester fiber and the core polymer. The sheath polymer binds the fiber mixture as it melts and makes it an individual fiber (cloth). When thermally bonded, bicomponent fibers are used as the binder. In the manufacture of nonwoven materials, binders are used both to form bonds between the fibers and to redistribute the load between the fibers, i.e. to ensure the possibility of the fibrous elements acting in concert under the load causing deformation of the nonwoven material. By way of non-limiting example, the core covers 50% to 95% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber and the sheath covers 5% to 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber.

The polymer fibers consisted of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers with a linear density of 0.17tex. The polymer fiber mixture forming the claimed material contains 20 to 30% by weight of bicomponent fibers (including the limit values) and 70 to 80% by weight of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (including the limit values). In this mixture, the ratio of the weight fraction of the bicomponent fiber component to the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber is from 1/4 to 3/7, including the boundary values.

It was found and determined experimentally that the weight content of the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers is equal to 70-80% of the total weight of the material and the weight content of the bicomponent fibers is equal to 20-30% of the total weight of the material (i.e. when the ratio of the components of the bicomponent fibers to the weight share of the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers is between 1/4 and 3/7) in this particular mixture (for the aforesaid weight content, the particular linear density for the polyacrylonitrile fibers is equal to 0.17tex, the particular linear density for the bicomponent fibers is equal to 0.22tex, the aforesaid thermal bonding is performed to form the fibers by additional thermal bonding of the outer region of the material by the hot roll of the calender, and for the aforesaid structure of the bicomponent fibers) are parameters to achieve an index of 3 limiting the flame propagation according to GOST ISO 14116 while maintaining a high-strength insulation material (characterized by the good integrity of the material, the absence of significant migration and high tensile strength of the fibers of the insulation material).

It was also found and determined experimentally that the content by weight of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers equal to 70-80% of the total weight of the material and the content by weight of bicomponent fibers equal to 20-30% of the total weight of the material in this particular mixture (for the above-mentioned contents, the specific linear density for polyacrylonitrile fibers equal to 0.17tex, the specific linear density for bicomponent fibers equal to 0.22tex, for the aforementioned thermal bonding to form the fibers by additional thermal bonding of the outer zones of the material by the hot rolls of the calender, and for the aforementioned structure of the bicomponent fibers) are parameters for achieving the highest overall thermal resistance while maintaining a high-strength thermal insulation material (characterized by good integrity of the material, absence of significant migration of the fibers of the thermal insulation material and high tensile strength).

Thus, it has been found experimentally that the specifically claimed insulation material described herein has high fire resistance and high overall thermal resistance while maintaining its integrity (high strength).

In addition, it was found experimentally that high fire resistance, total thermal resistance and strength were maintained when the weight unevenness of the fabric was maintained at a level of not more than 7%.

It was also found that air bubbles appear in the material structure due to the low linear density of not more than 0.22tex (bicomponent and oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers) contained in the fiber mixture. That is, many small pores are uniformly distributed throughout the material volume and the maximum fill volume occurs (in the presence of fibers having a higher linear density, the number of larger pores will be less and they will have a smaller total volume), which contributes to a significant increase in the overall thermal resistance of the material. It was also found experimentally that oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers having a linear density of 0.17tex have high fire resistance.

As the weight content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a particular fiber mixture decreases below 70% (and as the weight content of bicomponent fibers increases correspondingly above 30%), the limiting flame spread index 3 according to GOST ISO 14116 will not be reached, and a high total thermal resistance will not be reached, despite the sufficient strength of the material (see fig. 1). As the weight content of non-combustible fibers in the form of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a particular fiber mixture increases above 80% (and the weight content of bicomponent fibers correspondingly decreases below 20%), the strength and bonding ability of the material decreases dramatically, the fibers of the insulation material migrate substantially, the tensile strength of the material decreases drastically and the material loses its integrity due to an insufficient number of glue sites. If the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber content is greater than 80% by weight, the above materials will not bind the fibers to a single fabric at all, which will not be a thermal insulation material, but a fiber web. In the event of such a disruption of the integrity of the material, it is not possible to measure the flame spread index and the heat and strength characteristics (see fig. 1, left side 20% bicomponent fiber).

Thus, the ratio claimed for this particular mixture of fibers and their structure in the claimed material will allow for a limited flame spread (increasing the fire resistance of the insulation) index of 3 and maximum total thermal resistance while maintaining the integrity of the material and without significant migration of the insulation fibers (to maintain high strength of the insulation).

It should be noted that in the case of any different linear density values of polyacrylonitrile and bicomponent fibers, the material properties will be degraded due to the mechanistic reconstruction of the thermal bonding and flame resistance properties. The above technical result is therefore guaranteed only in a specific mixture of components with a specific density and their weight content, an additional thermal bonding of the outer zones of the material by the hot rolls of the calender for the above thermal bonding to the single fabric, and the above structure for the bicomponent fibres.

GOST ISO 14116-2016, "occupational safety Standard System. Garments and materials for protection against heat and flame. Limiting flame spread. Fire resistance requirements "the requirements and methods for evaluating the performance of materials, material packages, and special protective garments (gowns) in terms of flame spread limitation are established. Gowns made according to this standard are used to protect workers from accidental short term exposure to small flames without significant risk of heat from other properties. Method a gives a sorting system for test materials, material packages and gowns according to GOST ISO 15025.

The standards establish specifications for their manufacture of gowns and materials when designed, put into production and to confirm compliance. In this standard, "hole" refers to a notch having a size of at least 5 x 5mm caused by melting, heating or burning of the test specimen. The "flame spread limiting index" is a numerical value indicating that the material has the ability to limit the spread of flame according to the determined level.

Corresponding to the requirement of a limited flame spread index of 1: when the flame spreads, the flame or hole boundaries must not reach the upper edge or any vertical edge on any sample; no sample was allowed to release residues of combustion; the residual smoldering must not exceed 2 seconds (< 2 seconds); according to GOST ISO 15025, after exposure to the flame at the sample surface, the smoldering must not spread from the charred surface to the intact area.

Corresponding to the requirement of a limited flame spread index of 1: when the flame spreads, the flame or hole boundaries must not reach the upper edge or any vertical edge on any sample; no sample was allowed to release residues of combustion; the residual smoldering must not exceed 2 seconds (< 2 seconds); according to GOST ISO 15025, after exposure to the flame at the sample surface, the smoldering must not spread from the charred surface to the intact area. No sample was allowed to have a hole (through hole) of more than 5mm in any direction of the material used for flame protection.

Corresponding to the requirement of a limited flame spread index of 1: when the flame propagation is delayed, the flame or hole boundaries must not reach the upper edge or any vertical edge on any sample; none of the samples were allowed to release residues of combustion; the residual smoldering must not exceed 2 seconds (< 2 seconds); according to GOST ISO 15025, after exposure to the flame at the sample surface, the smoldering must not spread from the charred surface to the intact area. No sample was allowed to have a hole (through hole) of more than 5mm in any direction of the material used for flame protection. The residual burning time of each sample must not exceed 2 seconds (< 2 seconds). That is, the requirement corresponding to index 3 to limit flame spread is most stringent.

Oxidized/deoxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers are fire-resistant, non-combustible fibers. Its high thermal properties are achieved by selecting the optimum linear density of the fibres depending on the other components of the material, their weight content, location and bonding method.

The oxidation process of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is well known and occurs in any manner known to the expert. As an example, patent RU 2258104 CI, 8/10/2005, describes the manufacture of refractory PAN fibres for textile purposes, showing the oxidation of these fibres by means of heat removal by continuous stepwise action of heat.

The structure of the nonwoven insulating and fireproof material for forming the lining layer of the garment consists of three layers: upper layer 1, lower layer 3 and inner layer 2 (see fig. 2). The upper layer 1 and the lower layer 3 have higher strength than the inner layer 2. The upper layer 1 and the lower layer 3 are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer regions of the material by the hot rolls of the calender. The

epitaxial layers

1 and 3 are produced by a process of additional thermal bonding by means of a calender (the hot roll thereof). The calendered layer ensures additional fire resistance of the product by eliminating migration of fibers from the surface of the material, as well as imparting integrity and structural strength to the material. The pore size in the surface layers (the epitaxial layers 1 and 3) should be smaller than the pore size in the base layer 2, which additionally affects the increase in the total thermal resistance of the material. The fibers in the epitaxial layers are horizontally aligned in the same manner as in the base layer, and the epitaxial layers may have a thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 μm.

The fabric has a weight non-uniformity across its area, length and width of no more than 7%. When the weight unevenness is more than 7%, unevenness in the properties of the heat insulating material occurs, with the result that the fire resistance, strength and total thermal resistance of the heat insulating material are remarkably reduced where the weight of the material is light.

The claimed insulation is a high tech synthetic insulation developed from the aforementioned thin fibers with low linear density and special fire resistance properties. It ensures maximum thermal protection while maintaining the lightweight, effective breathability, softness and bulk of the material, and is insulating at high humidity, easy to wash and quick to dry while preserving fire resistant properties. In addition, the claimed materials have relatively high strength and bonding capability (due to thermal bonding with the bicomponent fibers).

The reduction and elasticity of the material is also achieved due to the thermal bonding of the fibers and the calendering of the outer layer of the insulation material. When it is tacked to the clothes, it can be quilted using a general quilting apparatus. The recommended rating by quilting is 10-15cm.

The thermal protection (thermal insulation) performance of the material was determined using an MT-380 instrument using the technique of determining total thermal resistance under GOST 20489-75, which involves measuring the cooling time of the equipment panel within a predetermined temperature differential between the panel surface, the insulation material or material pack and the ambient air.The set size of the test specimen was 360X 500mm. One sample was tested on two tests, which were maintained at atmospheric conditions of temperature of 20 (+ -2) ° c and relative humidity of 60 (+ -2)%. The test starts with determining the thickness of the nonwoven material with a thickness meter at 10 points under a pressure of 0.2kPa, and then calculating the arithmetic mean of the measurement results. The sample is placed under sufficient tension to hold the sample so that its front face faces the air stream. Then, the actual values of the areal density and thickness of the test sample are input. The device automatically calculates the target value. Total thermal resistance R _tot Is given as m ² Measuring the temperature per hour/W.

Example 1 (comparative). In example 1, the material was not claimed and contained 65% by weight of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and 35% by weight of bicomponent fibers. The bicomponent fiber had a linear density of 0.22tex and the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber had a linear density of 0.17tex. Test results according to GOST ISO 14116: this material corresponds to index 2, but does not reach index 3. The total thermal resistance of the material is 0.48m ² DEG c/W. Breaking load along length/width: 18.6/41.2N (FIG. 1).

Example 2. In example 2, the material was the claimed material and contained 70% oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and 30% bicomponent fibers by weight. The bicomponent fiber had a linear density of 0.22tex and the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber had a linear density of 0.17tex. Test results according to GOST ISO 14116: this material corresponds to an index of 3, which has the desired flame spread limiting index (i.e. ensuring high fire resistance), and high thermal characteristics (ensuring 0.54 m) ² High total thermal resistance of ℃/W), good tensile strength (breaking load along length/width: 17.2/37.2N) and has relatively high insulation strength (fig. 1).

Example 3. In example 3, the material was the claimed material and contained 80% by weight of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and 20% by weight of bicomponent fibers. The bicomponent fiber had a linear density of 0.22tex, and the oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber had a linear density of 0.17tex. Test results according to GOST ISO 14116: this material corresponds to an index of 3, which has the desired flame spread limiting index (i.e. ensuring high fire resistance), and high heat characteristicsSex (ensure 0.52 m) ² High total thermal resistance of ℃/W) and has the integrity of the insulation (breaking load along length/width: 8.3/21.8N). See fig. 1.

The examples given demonstrate the reason and effect relationship between the essential features of the claimed material and the aforementioned technical result. All the features expressed in the claims of the present invention are essential and each of these features has an effect on the improvement of the fire resistance and the overall thermal resistance of the material and on the maintenance of its integrity, while it is not possible to separate these features or to exclude any part thereof (since in this case a reconfiguration of the entire mechanism of material joining and a change in the structure and properties of the material will take place).

Thus, the nonwoven fibrous insulating and fire-blocking material used to form the garment lining layer ensures a simultaneous increase in the fire resistance and overall thermal resistance of the insulating material, while maintaining its integrity.

Claims

1. A non-woven insulating fire-barrier fabric for forming a lining layer of a garment, comprising a mixture of polymer fibres joined to a single fabric by thermal bonding, and comprising bicomponent fibres having a concentric arrangement of polymer fibres and of the "core-sheath" type, characterised in that the bicomponent fibres have a linear density of 0.22tex, the polymer fibres consist of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibres having a linear density of 0.17tex,

the structure of the fabric consists of three layers: an upper layer, a lower layer and an inner layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer have a higher strength than the inner layer; the upper and lower layers are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer region of the material by the hot roll of a calender, having a thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 μm; the fabric has a weight unevenness of not more than 7%.