RU182411U1 - NON-WOVEN WARMING FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIAL FOR CLOTHES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-woven fibrous insulation material with fire-retardant properties and is used to form a lining layer of a garment. The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the fire resistance and total thermal resistance of the insulation material while maintaining its integrity. Non-woven insulating fire-resistant material for forming the lining layer of the garment includes a mixture of polymer fibers integrated into the fabric by thermal bonding, and contains polymer fibers and bicomponent fibers of the core-shell type with a concentric arrangement. Bicomponent fibers have a linear density of 0.22 tex, polymer fibers include oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers with a linear density of 0.17 tex, while this mixture contains, mass. %: bicomponent fibers 20-30%, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers 70-80%. In such a mixture, the ratio of the content of components of bicomponent fibers to oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers by weight is from 1/4 to 3/7. The material structure is made in the form of three layers - upper, lower and inner. The upper and lower layers have higher strength than the inner layer, and are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material with hot calender rolls. 2 ill.

Description

The invention relates to a non-woven fibrous insulation material with fire-retardant properties and is used to form a lining layer of a garment. The proposed insulation material can be used as a lining for all types of clothing, special products and accessories, mainly in the production of high-tech outerwear for protection against thermal risks.

The prior art non-woven insulating fire-retardant material for forming the lining layer of a garment, comprising a mixture of polymer fibers combined into a fabric by thermal bonding, containing polymer fibers and a core-clad bicomponent fiber with a concentric arrangement, the polymer fibers include incombustible fire-resistant viscose fibers (see RU 34549 U1, 12/10/2003 - selected as the prototype), while the total mass content of non-combustible fire-resistant viscose fibers and bicomponent fibers Con in the material is not more than 50%.

The disadvantages of the known material from the prototype are insufficient fire resistance, since the content of non-combustible fire-resistant fibers is too low. In such a material, when exposed to the flame of a gas burner, holes are formed, burning from the edge. Since the mass content of bicomponent fibers in the material is not indicated, such a material may have insufficient fiber bonding, which will lead to a decrease in the strength of the insulation material, loss of its integrity, high migration of insulation fibers due to the insufficient number of adhesives. Since the total mass content of non-combustible fire-resistant viscose fibers and bicomponent fibers in the material is not more than 50%, with an increase in the content of non-combustible fibers (and an increase in fire resistance) in the prototype material, the content of the bicomponent fiber will decrease, i.e. strength will decrease. The total thermal resistance of the material is also very low.

The objective of this utility model is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to simultaneously increase the fire resistance and the total thermal resistance of the insulation material while maintaining its integrity (high strength).

The inventive non-woven insulating fire-resistant material for forming the lining layer of the garment includes a mixture of polymer fibers integrated into the fabric by thermal bonding, and contains polymer fibers and bicomponent fibers of the type of "core-shell" with a concentric arrangement.

According to a utility model, bicomponent fibers have a linear density of 0.22 tex, polymer fibers include oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers with a linear density of 0.17 tex, while this mixture contains, mass. %: bicomponent fibers - 20-30%, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers - 70-80%, moreover, in such a mixture the ratio of the contents of the components of bicomponent fibers to oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers by weight is from 1/4 to 3/7, and the material in structure is made in in the form of three layers - the upper, lower and inner, and the upper and lower layers have higher strength than the inner layer, and are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material with hot calender rolls.

Additionally, the unevenness by weight of the canvas should be no more than 7%.

The utility model is illustrated by figures. In FIG. Figure 1 shows a graph of the dependence of the limited flame propagation index according to GOST ISO 14116 on the mass content of bicomponent fibers of a given density (%) in the material and the mass content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a material of a given density (%); a graph of the total thermal resistance (in m ² ⋅ ° C / W) versus the mass content in the material of bicomponent fibers of a given density (%) and the mass content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a material of a given density (%); and also a graph of the strength (breaking load along the length in N) versus the mass content in the material of bicomponent fibers of a given density (in%) and the mass content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a material of a given density (in%). In FIG. 2 shows the resulting structure of the claimed material.

Non-woven insulating fire-resistant material for forming the lining layer of the garment includes a mixture of polymer fibers, combined into a cloth by thermal bonding. As a non-limiting example, in the inventive sealing material, the fibers are staple fibers 51 mm long. As another non-limiting example, fibers of 5-70 mm in length can be used. The bonding of fibers in the canvas (canvas) is due to thermal bonding - this is why a binder in the form of a bicomponent fiber is added to the mixture.

The inventive material contains polymer fibers and a bicomponent fiber with a linear density of 0.22 tex type "core-shell" with a concentric arrangement. As a non-limiting example, the shell polymer is selected from lower polyolefins (e.g. high pressure polyethylene, polypropylene) or lower olefin copolymers (e.g. polyethylene copolymer or copolyethylene terephthalate) with a melting point of 110-180 ° C, and the core polymer is a polyethylene terephthalate with a melting point 230-270 ° C. Due to the fact that the shell polymer has a melting point lower than the melting temperature of the polyester fibers and the core polymer, the shell polymer melts, binds the mixture of fibers and turns it into a single canvas (canvas). The bicomponent fiber acts as a binder during thermal bonding. A binder in the production of nonwoven materials is used both for the formation of bonds between the fibers, and for the redistribution of the load between the fibers, that is, for the possibility of coordinated operation of the fibrous elements under loads that cause the deformation of the nonwoven material. As a non-limiting example, the core occupies an area of 50 to 95% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber, and the shell occupies an area of 5 to 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber.

Polymer fibers are composed of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers with a linear density of 0.17 tex. A mixture of polymer fibers, which is the claimed material, contains by weight from 20 to 30% bicomponent fibers (including boundary values), and from 70 to 80% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (including boundary values). In such a mixture, the ratio of the contents of the components of bicomponent fibers to oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers by weight is from 1/4 to 3/7, including boundary values.

It was experimentally revealed and established that it is with a mass content of 70-80% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and 20-30% of a bicomponent fiber of the total mass of material (i.e., when the mass ratio of the components of bicomponent fibers to oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers by weight is from 1 / 4 to 3/7) in this particular mixture (with the indicated mass content, with a specific linear density of 0.17 tex polyacrylonitrile fibers, with a specific linear density of 0.22 tex bicomponent fibers, with a specified By thermal bonding to the web with additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material by hot calender rolls with the specified bicomponent fiber design), the 3rd flame propagation index according to GOST ISO 14116 will be achieved while maintaining high strength of the insulation material (which is characterized by good material integrity, the absence of significant migration of insulation fibers and high breaking characteristics).

It was also experimentally revealed and established that it is with a mass content of 70-80% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and 20-30% of the bicomponent fiber of the total mass of material in this particular mixture (with the indicated mass content, with a specific linear density of 0.17 tex polyacrylonitrile fibers, with a specific linear density of 0.22 tex bicomponent fibers, with the specified thermal bonding to the canvas with additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material with hot calender shafts, with the specified design bico -component fibers) will be achieved the greatest total thermal resistance (produced microscopic cells with air), while maintaining high strength insulating material (which material is characterized by good integrity, lack of significant migration insulation fibers and high breaking characteristics).

Thus, it was experimentally revealed that the claimed specific described insulation material has both high fire resistance and total thermal resistance while maintaining its integrity (high strength).

Additionally, it was experimentally revealed that high fire resistance, total thermal resistance and strength are maintained while observing unevenness by weight of not more than 7%.

It was also experimentally established that due to the content in the mixture of fibers with a low linear density of not more than 0.22 tex (both bicomponent and oxidized polyacrylonitrile), small cells with air appear in the structure of the material. That is, there are many small pores that are uniformly located throughout the volume of the material and have the largest maximum filling volume (if there were fibers with a larger linear density of pores of a larger size, there would be less and they would have a smaller total volume), which contributes to a significant increase in the total thermal resistance material. It was also experimentally found that oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers with a linear density of 0.17 tex have high fire resistance.

With a decrease in the content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a particular fiber mixture of less than 70% by weight (and a corresponding increase in the mass of bicomponent fibers of more than 30%), the 3 limited flame spread index according to GOST ISO 14116 will not be achieved, and a high total thermal resistance will not be achieved, although and the material will be strong enough (see Fig. 1). With an increase in the content of flame-retardant non-combustible fibers in the form of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers in a particular fiber mixture of more than 80% by weight (and a corresponding decrease in the mass of bicomponent fibers of less than 20%), the strength and fastening of the material sharply decrease, insulation fibers migrate in large quantities due to insufficient number of adhesives quantity, breaking characteristics sharply decrease and the material loses its integrity. The specified concrete material with a higher content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (more than 80%) will not bond at all, it will not be a heater, but a comb. With such a violation of the integrity of the material, it is not possible to measure the flame propagation index; thermal and strength characteristics are not possible (see Fig. 1, to the left of 20% of bicomponent fibers).

Therefore, it is the claimed ratio of this particular fiber mixture and its structure in the claimed material that will allow to achieve both the 3rd index of limited flame propagation (increased fire resistance of the insulation material) and the maximum total thermal resistance, while maintaining integrity and the absence of significant migration of insulation fibers (to maintain high strength of the insulation material).

It should be noted that when choosing other values of the linear densities of polyacrylonitrile and bicomponent fibers, material characteristics will deteriorate due to the rearrangement of the thermal bonding mechanism and fire retardant properties. Therefore, the specified technical result is provided only in a specific mixture with a specific density of the components, their mass content, with the indicated thermal bonding to the web with additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material with hot calender shafts, with the specified design of the bicomponent fiber.

GOST ISO 14116-2016 “Occupational safety standards system. Clothing and materials for protection against heat and flame. Limited flame spread. Fire Resistance Requirements ”establishes the requirements and methods for assessing the properties of materials, packages of materials, special protective clothing (work clothing) in terms of restricting the spread of flame. Overalls made in accordance with this standard are designed to protect workers from accidental short-term contact with a small flame in the absence of a significant risk from heat of a different nature. The classification system is given for materials, packages of materials and overalls tested in accordance with ISO 15025, method A. The specified standard establishes the technical requirements for overalls and materials for its manufacture in the design, setting up for production and confirmation of compliance.

An aperture in this standard refers to a fracture of at least 5 × 5 mm in size caused by melting, heating or burning of the test sample. The limited flame spread index in this standard refers to a figure indicating that the material has the ability to limit the spread of flame in accordance with the established level.

Requirements corresponding to the limited flame propagation index 1: when the flame spreads on any of the samples, the boundary of the flame or hole should not reach the top or any of the vertical edges; none of the samples should emit burning residues; residual smoldering should not exceed 2 s (≤2 s); smoldering should not spread from a charred surface to an undamaged area after exposure of the flame to the sample surface in accordance with ISO 15025.

Requirements corresponding to the limited flame propagation index 2: when the flame spreads on any of the samples, the flame boundary must not reach the top or any of the vertical edges; none of the samples should emit burning residues; residual smoldering should not exceed 2 s (≤2 s); smoldering should not spread from a charred surface to an undamaged area after exposure to a sample surface in accordance with ISO 15025; none of the samples should have holes (through) with a size of more than 5 mm in any direction of the material used for protection from the flame.

Requirements corresponding to the limited flame propagation index 3: when the flame spreads on any of the samples, the flame boundary must not reach the top or any of the vertical edges; none of the samples should emit burning residues; residual smoldering should not exceed 2 s (≤2 s); smoldering should not extend from the charred part to the intact area after exposure to flame on the sample surface in accordance with ISO 15025; none of the samples should have holes larger than 5 mm in any direction of the material used to protect against flame; the residual burning time of each of the samples shall not exceed 2 s (≤2 s). That is, the requirements corresponding to the limited flame spread index 3 are the most stringent.

Oxidized / reduced polyacrylonitrile fibers are fire resistant non-combustible fibers. Their high thermal characteristics are achieved by choosing the optimal linear density of the fibers, depending on other components of the material, their mass content, location, bonding method.

The oxidation process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is known and occurs by any method known to the skilled person. As one example, the patent RU 2258104 C1, 08/10/2005 describes the production of flame-retardant PAN fibers for textile use, and the process of oxidation of these fibers by continuous stepwise thermal exposure with heat dissipation is shown.

Non-woven insulating fire-resistant material for forming the lining layer of the garment according to the structure is made in the form of three layers - top 1, bottom 3 and inner 2 (see Fig. 2). The upper 1 and lower 3 layers have higher strength than the inner layer 2. The upper 1 and lower 3 layers are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material with hot calender shafts. Calendered layers 1 and 3 are obtained by the procedure of additional thermal bonding using a calender (hot shafts). Calendered layers provide additional fire resistance of the product due to the fact that they exclude the migration of fibers from the surface of the material, and also give integrity and structural strength to the material. The size of microcells in the surface layers (calendared 1 and 3) is smaller than in the main layer 2, which additionally affects the increase in the total thermal resistance of the material. The fibers in the calendared layer are arranged horizontally, as well as the main layer, while the calendared layer can have a thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 μm.

The unevenness by weight of the canvas in area, as well as in length and width, is not more than 7%. When the value of the unevenness by weight of more than 7%, the non-uniformity of the properties of the insulation material occurs, as a result of which, in places where the mass of the material is reduced, fire resistance, strength and the total thermal resistance of the insulation material are significantly reduced.

The inventive insulation is a high-tech synthetic heat-insulating material developed from thin fibers with a small specified linear density with special flame retardant properties. It provides the highest thermal protection, while maintaining light weight, effective breathability, softness and volume of the material, retains heat with high humidity, is easily erased and dries quickly, while possessing protective fire-resistant characteristics. Additionally, the inventive material has a relatively high strength, bondability (due to thermal bonding with a bicomponent fiber). Giving the material resilience and elasticity also occurs due to thermal bonding of the fibers and calendering of the outer layers of the insulation material. When sewing to a sewing product, quilting can be done on conventional quilting equipment. Recommended step through quilting - from 10 to 15 cm.

The heat-shielding (heat-insulating) properties of the material were determined on an MT-380 device using the method of determining the total thermal resistance in accordance with GOST 20489-75, which consists in measuring the cooling time of the device plate in a given interval of temperature differences between the plate surface, an isolated material or a package of materials and ambient air. The established size for the tested samples is 360 × 500 mm. Tests of one sample are carried out on two samples, which are maintained in atmospheric conditions at a temperature of 20 (± 2) ° C and a relative humidity of 60 (± 2)%. Tests begin with determining the thickness of the nonwoven material with a thickness gauge at a pressure of 0.2 KPa at 10 points, and then calculate the arithmetic mean of the measurement results. The sample is charged face up to the air flow with a tension sufficient to fix the sample. The actual values of the surface density and thickness of the test sample are introduced. The device automatically displays an indicator. The value of the total thermal resistance R _sum is measured in m ² _⋅ ° С / W.

Example 1 (comparative). The material in example 1 is not the claimed material and contains by weight 65% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, 35% of bicomponent fibers. The linear density of bicomponent fibers of 0.22 tex, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers of 0.17 tex. The test result according to GOST ISO 14116: the material corresponds to 2 index, but 3 index is not reached. The total thermal resistance of the material is 0.48 m ² ° C / W. Breaking load along the length / width: 18.6 / 41.2 N (Fig. 1).

Example 2. The material in example 2 is the inventive material and contains by weight 70% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, 30% of bicomponent fibers. The linear density of bicomponent fibers of 0.22 tex, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers of 0.17 tex. The test result in accordance with GOST ISO 14116: the material corresponds to index 3, the material has the required index of limited flame propagation (i.e. high fire resistance is ensured), as well as high thermal characteristics (high total thermal resistance of 0.54 m ² ° C / W is provided) , good tensile characteristics (breaking load along the length / width: 17.2 / 37.2 N) and has a relatively high strength insulation material (Fig. 1).

Example 3. The material in example 3 is the inventive material and contains by weight 80% of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, 20% of bicomponent fibers. The linear density of bicomponent fibers of 0.22 tex, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers of 0.17 tex. The test result according to GOST ISO 14116: the material corresponds to index 3, the material has the required index of limited flame propagation (i.e., high fire resistance is ensured), as well as high thermal characteristics (high total thermal resistance of 0.52 m ² ° C / W is provided) , has the integrity of the insulation material (breaking load along the length / width: 8.3 / 21.8 N), see FIG. one.

The presented examples confirm the causal relationship of the essential features of the claimed material with the specified technical result. All the signs expressed in the formula of this utility model are significant, and each of these signs affects both the increase in fire resistance, and the increase in the total thermal resistance of the material, to preserve its integrity, while these signs cannot be divided or excluded part of them ( since in this case there will be a restructuring of the whole mechanism of fastening the material and a change in its structure, properties). Thus, the proposed non-woven fibrous insulation fire-resistant material for forming the lining layer of the garment provides a simultaneous increase in fire resistance and the total thermal resistance of the insulation material while maintaining its integrity.

Claims (6)

1. Non-woven insulating fire-resistant material for forming the lining layer of the garment, including a mixture of polymer fibers combined in a heat-bonded fabric, containing polymer fibers and core-clad bicomponent fibers with a concentric arrangement, characterized in that the bicomponent fibers have a linear density of 0 22 tex, polymer fibers include oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers with a linear density of 0.17 tex, while this mixture contains, mass. %: bicomponent fibers 20-30 oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers 70-80, moreover, in such a mixture, the ratio of the content of components of bicomponent fibers to oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers by weight is from 1/4 to 3/7, and the material structure is made in the form of three layers - upper, lower and inner, and the upper and lower layers have higher strength than the inner layer. 2. The material according to p. 1, characterized in that the upper and lower layers are formed by additional thermal bonding of the outer sections of the material by the hot rolls of the calender. 3. The material according to p. 1, characterized in that the unevenness by weight of the canvas is not more than 7%.

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