RU2739017C1 - Organic nonwoven insulation material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: consumer goods industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of light industry, namely, to non-woven material intended for formation of a heat-insulating layer in a garment. Nonwoven organic composite for forming a heat-insulating layer of a garment comprising a mixture of flax (bleached and unbleached) fibres with density of 0.4 to 1.0 tex- 55–60 % and form-stable polyester fibres with density of 0.3–0.7 tex - 15-25 % with addition of bicomponent low-melting fibres of "core-shell" type with concentric arrangement of density from 0.2 to 0.5 tex - 15–25 %, combined into web by means of successive vertical arrangement of fibres on entire length and depth and fastening by heat treatment, providing stable structure.

EFFECT: technical result consists in possibility of its smaller thickness than known analogues at preservation of heat-insulating properties, while providing high level of moisture output and improved mechanical properties, including increased value of breaking load and elongation to break, as well as draining of electric charge and absence of accumulation of static electricity.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of light industry, namely a non-woven material intended for the formation of an insulating layer in a garment. The proposed material can be used as a heater for use in winter and demi-season clothing, accessories, as well as in other garments, including for sleeping (blankets, pillows), etc. Non-woven insulating composite material differs in that in order to increase moisture yield, by increasing which the microclimate in the underwear space changes and excess moisture does not accumulate inside the insulation, and therefore, the thermal conductivity of the material does not change not only when a person performs physical work, but also in a calm state , which provides normal living conditions for a long time (8-12 hours).

The following solutions are known from the prior art.

Known nonwoven material for the formation of an insulating layer of a garment, which consists in combining a mixture of polymer fibers into the canvas by means of thermal bonding, while the fibers contain polyester fiber and bicomponent fiber (5-25 wt.%) With a linear density of 0.22 tex (1.98 den) and less of the "core-shell" type with a concentric arrangement, and the polyester fibers are siliconized (international publication of application WO 2016/118614 A1, publication 28.07.2016).

The disadvantages of the material known from the material is a small (5-25%) mass content of bicomponent fiber, which, although it allows the fabric to be formed by thermal bonding, does not allow optimal bonding of all fibers in the material so as to provide the best thermal insulation properties (the greatest total thermal resistance), as well as it becomes necessary to use a dense lining to exclude the migration of insulation. At the same time, low thermal insulation properties are due to the small volume of air between the fibers of the material.

The closest analogue of the patentable solution is a non-woven material comprising a mixture of polymer fibers combined into a fabric by thermal bonding and contains a polyester fiber and a bicomponent fiber with a linear density of not more than 0.22 tex of the "core-sheath" type with a concentric arrangement, and the polyester fiber consists of fibers with linear density no more than 0.11 tex. The mentioned mixture contains 26-34 wt.% Bicomponent fiber and 66-74 wt.% Polyester fiber (RF patent No. 193371, publ. 28.10.2019).

The disadvantages of the known solutions lie in the need to make a heater with a thickness of 14-20 mm to achieve optimal thermal resistance, while the known analogs do not have hygroscopicity and moisture yield, and also have a high indicator of the strength of the electrostatic field.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to select the optimal composition that provides comfortable conditions when using a garment with the proposed insulation.

The task is solved by introducing organic fibers into the composition of the insulating material.

The technical result of the material being patented consists in the possibility of making it thinner than the known analogs while maintaining the heat-insulating properties, while providing a high level of moisture yield, hygroscopicity, drainage of electric charge and the absence of accumulation of static electricity.

The claimed technical result is provided due to the composition of the non-woven fibrous composite material for the formation of an insulating layer of a garment, including a mixture of flax fibers and polymer fibers with the addition of bicomponent low-melting fibers of the "core-shell" type with a concentric arrangement, combined into the fabric by thermal bonding, while the content of the components wt% in the web is:

- bicomponent fibers with a density of 0.2-0.5 tex - 15-25%

- linen bleached and unbleached fibers with a density of 0.4 to 1.0 tex - 55-60%,

- polyester fibers with a density of 0.3 to 0.7 tex - 15-25%.

The introduction of linen fibers into the composition of the insulation provides antistatic properties, moisture release, biocidal, hypoallergenic properties of the material. The presence of polyester fibers in the composition gives the material structure stability, durability, elasticity, lightness, bicomponent fiber acts as a binder during thermal bonding, due to the fact that the sheath polymer has a melting point lower than the heat treatment temperature and the melting point of additional polyester fibers, as well as the polymer the core, while the polymer of the shell melts, holds the mixture of fibers together and turns it into a single web (canvas).

In a particular case of the invention, the core of the bicomponent fiber occupies in area from 50 to 95% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber, and the sheath occupies in area from 5 to 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber.

In a particular case of the invention, the fibers from the mixture are staple fibers up to 64 mm long.

In a particular case of the invention, the fibers from the mixture are staple fibers 5-70 mm long.

Bonding of fibers in the canvas (canvas) is carried out by thermal bonding. For reliable thermal bonding, a binder in the form of a bicomponent fiber is added to the mixture. The inventive material contains cellulose fibers and bicomponent fiber with a linear density of not more than 0.5 tex of the "core-shell" type with a concentric arrangement. The cladding material of the bonding fiber is selected with a melting point of not more than 120-180 ° C and 130 ° C, and the core polymer - with a melting point of 230 ° C. An example of a shell material: high pressure polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene copolymer or copolyethylene terephthalate with a melting point of 105-137 ° C. An example of a core material: polyethylene terephthalate 250 °.

The bonding of the fibers is made sequentially by vertical arrangement of the fibers along the entire length and depth and bonded by heat treatment under the influence of a temperature of 130 ° C-180 ° C, which provides a stable structure.

A binder in the production of nonwovens is used both for the formation of bonds between fibers and for redistribution of the load between the fibers, that is, to ensure the possibility of coordinated operation of the fibrous elements under loads that cause deformation of the nonwoven material. By way of non-limiting example, the core covers 50 to 95% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber, and the sheath covers 5 to 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber. Polyester fiber consists of fibers with a linear density not exceeding 0.7 tex.

Due to the content in the claimed mixture of fibers with low linear density (linen fibers - no more than 1 tex, and bicomponent - no more than 0.5 tex), rather small cells with air (about 50 microns) appear in the material structure. That is, a lot of small pores appear, which are evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the material and have a large filling volume (in the presence of fibers with a higher linear density, the pores of a larger size would be smaller and they would have a smaller total volume), which contributes to an increase in the total thermal resistance of the material at providing a relatively small mass of material. The structure, thermally bonded from the specified fibers with the specified density (cellulose fibers - no more than 1.0 tex, and bicomponent - no more than 0.5 tex) perfectly retains heat and volume, and removes moisture due to the conductivity of linen fibers, thereby contributing to an increase in thermal insulation material properties, namely, the total thermal resistance of the material.

In addition to the main purpose of flax fiber (organic natural fiber), it was experimentally revealed and found that it is it that removes the accumulated moisture from the material in the clothing bag. With a mass content of at least 55% of cellulose fiber from the total mass of the material in this particular mixture, the lowest thermal conductivity (0.046 - 0.048 W / m * K) will be observed, which is due to the organic components of the composition. The offered material (hereinafter referred to as Flyflax) ensures the drainage of electric charge and does not shock. The indicator of the strength of the electrostatic field for flyflax 160 g / m is -7.9 E, kV / m compared to the synthetic winterizer 60 E, kV / m.

Due to the mass content in the mixture of at least 60% of cellulose fibers with a linear density of not more than 1.0 tex, microscopic cells with air appear in the structure of the material, and at 20 wt. % of bicomponent fiber in this particular mixture will have the greatest total thermal resistance, in addition, the presence of an air channel inside the linen cloth gives excellent breathable, heat-insulating and moisture-absorbing properties to the materials.

Experiments have shown that acceptable indicators of total thermal resistance are observed in a mixture of fibers with a mass content of 15-20% of bicomponent fiber and a corresponding residual content of linen and polyester fibers (80-85 wt%, respectively)

With a decrease in the content of bicomponent fibers less than 15%, these microscopic cells will not fully close and will not retain heat; there will be a decrease in adhesions, adhesions, the structure will become less porous, and as a result - an experimentally confirmed decrease in the total thermal resistance. With an increase in the bicomponent fiber content of more than 25 wt%, these microscopic cells will be smaller in volume and will retain heat worse; a decrease in pores in the structure will be observed; an excess of material of the molten shell will fill the pores, reducing their tortuosity and void volume, which will ultimately lead to a decrease in the total thermal resistance.

With a decrease in the content of flax fibers less than 60%, moisture removal will be minimal and the total thermal resistance will decrease, and with a content of more than 60%, strength characteristics, resistance to repeated compression deteriorate, fiber migration increases, volume is lost and the structure of the material deteriorates.

Example 1 of the invention

To obtain a non-woven insulating composite material, a mixture of fibers was used, which is the claimed material containing by weight 20% bicomponent fiber with a density of up to 0.5 tex (high-pressure polyethylene with a melting temperature of 137 ° C was taken as the shell material, and polyethylene terephthalate with a melting point of 250 ° C) and 60% linen fiber with a density of up to 1 tex (a mixture of bleached and unbleached linen fibers of different densities up to 1 tex), as well as additionally polyester form-stable polyester fibers (a mixture of fibers of different densities 0.3-0.7 tex) 20% of the total mass. These fibers were laid sequentially in a vertical arrangement of fibers over the entire length and depth and were bonded by heat treatment under the influence of a temperature of 150 ° C. At the same time, two types of canvas with a thickness of 12 mm and 19 mm were obtained. The physical properties revealed experimentally are shown in table 1 (the name of the obtained material is designated here and hereinafter "Flyflax").

Table 1. Properties of canvases samples.

Item No. Structure Name of samples Surface density, g / m ² Thickness, mm Thermal conductivity, W / (m K) Hygroscopicity,% Moisture yield,% Resistance to repeated compression
% Electrification, kW / m one 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nine one 60% cellulose fibers
40% blended polyester and bicomponent fibers Flyflax 160 12 0.046 32 one hundred 95 4.62 2 60% cellulose fibers
40% blended polyester and bicomponent fibers Flyflax 250 19 0.048 24 83 95 3.82

Example 2 (comparative)

The offered material "Flyflax" is obtained by heat treatment at 145 ° C of vertically stacked 20% polyester fibers with a density of 0.3 to 0.7 tex, 60% blend of bleached and unbleached linen fibers, and 25% of a blend of bicomponent fibers (polyethylene sheath and polyethylene terephthalate core) of different density up to 05.5 tex.

To compare the properties of the proposed material with known analogs, samples of materials of the following brands were taken: Hollofiber PROFI R 35198, Hollofiber Volumetric N, Hollofiber TEK, Termofinn and Flytex. Samples of materials were tested under the same conditions on one equipment according to the method of determining the total thermal resistance in in accordance with GOST 20489-75, which consists in measuring the cooling time of the device plate in a given range of temperature differences between the plate surface, an insulated material or a package of materials and the surrounding air. Also, the indicators of hygroscopicity and moisture yield were determined in accordance with GOST 3816. The results of a comparative analysis of the developed insulation "Flyflax" with synthetic analogs are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Physical and mechanical properties of non-woven heaters

P / p No. Name of samples Surface density, g / m2 Thermal resistance, W / (m K Thickness, mm Breaking load, daN, length / width Breaking elongation,%, length / width Hygroscopicity,% Moisture yield,% one 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Holofiber" one Holofiber PROFI R 35198 200 0.0562 20,00 1.2 / 0.8 3.6 / 3.9 0 0 2 Holofiber Volumetric N 200 0.069 24.10 11.5 / 6 5.2 / 5.4 0 0 3 Holofiber TEK 200 0.0496 15.50 1.6 / 1.2 4.85 / 5.5 0 0 "Termofinn" 4 Termofinn 200 0.0487 14.0 5.0 / 3.0 6.8 / 8.7 0 0 Flytex 5 ST non-woven bulk 200 0.0569 16.10 6.25 / 5.0 6.05 / 4.2 0 0 Flyflax material offered 7 Flyflax 160 0.0457 8.65 10.0 / 11.0 6.2 / 4.85 32.0 one hundred 8 Flyflax 200 0.0480 10.63 15.34 / 16.9 7.4 / 6.7 24.0 83

Thus, the proposed nonwoven material for the formation of an insulating layer of a garment provides comfort during the operation of a garment due to its high thermal insulation properties for a long time, has a smaller thickness and better hygienic properties compared to analogues, while it does not lose its shape under load, does not accumulate static electricity.

Claims (5)

Non-woven organic composite material for forming an insulating layer of a garment, containing in wt%: - a mixture of bleached and unbleached linen fibers with a density of 0.4 to 1.0 tex - 55-60%, - form-stable polyester fibers with a density of 0.3-0.7 tex - 15-25%, - bicomponent low-melting fibers of the core-shell type with a concentric arrangement with a density from 0.2 to 0.5 tex - 15-25%, combined into a web by means of a sequential vertical arrangement of fibers along the entire length and depth and bonding with heat treatment, which provides a stable structure.