FR2622760A1 - Agricultural tractor provided with low tyres - Google Patents

Abstract

Rotationally driven roller comprising a chassis with hitching points and a drive transmission supported by the chassis, the driven roller exerting, during operation, a propulsion force on a tractor to which it is hitched, and covering approximately the width of the tractor, the said roller being driven by a power take-off shaft of the tractor, characterised in that the chassis 109 has hitching points 116, 119 for directly hitching to the three hitching points of a lifting device 61 of the tractor; in that the input shaft of the transmission 110 is intended to be coupled directly to a power take-off shaft 48 of the tractor which shaft is driven, during operation, at a speed which is proportional to the speed of travel of the tractor, and in that the said chassis supports a main driven shaft 115 provided with appendages 121 extending out radially and intended to be driven by being engaged in the ground at a peripheral speed which is slightly greater than the speed of travel of the tractor, so that the said roller exerts a propulsion force which is added to that of the tractor to which it is hitched.

Description

 The invention relates to an agricultural tractor fitted with a drive motor and wheels fitted with tires.

 Known tractors have a wheel support, such that the pressure due to the weight of the tractor and to that of coupled tools is exerted on a small surface on the ground, which seriously damages the structure of the soil, with a disadvantageous influence for the subsequent plant growth.

The invention aims to eliminate this disadvantage as much as possible. -
According to the invention, the height of the tires is, viewed from the front, at most about 1.3 meters and the width of the row of tires is about 3 meters.

 In this way, the weight to be supported is distributed over a very large area, so that the structure of the ground is not or little modified.

 According to one aspect of the invention, the tractor comprises two rows of wheels each with at least four tires, which each have at most a diameter of about 1.3 meters. According to another aspect of the invention the tractor has four pairs of wheels each with at least two wheels and a pair of wheels is provided near the middle of the corresponding wheels with a carrier, with which the wheels are fixed to each other. part of the tractor.

 -The invention further relates to a tractor, in which the drive motor has one side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the tractor and the fuel tank is on the other side of this plane.

In a tractor according to the invention a PTO shaft is coupled to a gear transmission between the drive motor and a gearbox of the tractor.

 According to another aspect of the invention, the tractor according to the invention comprises a driving cabin which is fixed on two beams which extend in the direction of travel.

Other objects and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which represent, by way of nonlimiting examples, some embodiments of the device according to the invention. On these drawings
Figure 1 is a profile view of a tractor according to the invention.

 FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tractor according to FIG. 1.

 Figure 3 is a front view of the tractor according to Figures and 2.

 Figure 4 is a side view of the tractor, which machines have been coupled to the front and rear.

 FIG. 5 is a plan view of the agricultural assembly according to FIG. 4.

 Figure 6 is an enlarged plan view of the coupling device between the tractor lifting device and implements.

 Figures 7 to 9 show a profile view of a number of possible combinations of agricultural machines which consist of a tractor according to the previous figures and coupled machines or tools.

 The tractor shown in the figures comprises a chassis 1, which is mainly formed by a horizontal hollow tubular beam 2, which extends in the direction of travel A and which is located on the lower side of the chassis. On the beam 2 are fixed two horizontal supports 3, which are located transversely to the direction of travel A and which are spaces from one another.

At the ends of the supports 3 are fixed vertical cover plates 4, parallel to the direction of travel A and which - seen in Figure 1- are rectangular. The upper edges of said plates 3 are fixed to the lower edges of an H-shaped frame part 5 in FIG. 2. The frame part 5 is a relatively light tube construction, because it is mainly intended only for 'to wear a cabin 6 (which has been omitted in Figure 2 for clarity)
As shown in Figure 2, the chassis part 5 comprises two hollow side tubes 7 joined in the middle of their length by a horizontal hollow tube 8, transverse to the direction of travel A. The construction, consisting of the parts bearing the numbers 1 to 8 inclusive, is symmetrical about the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the tractor indicated in Figure 2 by the reference 9. The axis of the main beam 2 is therefore also in this plane 9. As shown Figure 2, a drive motor 10 is placed on one side of the plane 9 and rests on the supports 3. Against the quarry of the engine 10 is arranged the radiator of said engine. Opposite the engine 10, with respect to the plane of symmetry 9, is disposed a fuel tank 11, which also rests on the supports 3. Near the front of the main beam 2 and on the lateral sides of it. These are fixed two rigid uprights 12, which extend from the tube 2 at an angle of about 45 "obliquely upward and forward with respect to the direction of travel A.

The upper end of the uprights 12 is fixed under the casing of the gearbox combined with the differential 13 which - seen in Figure 1- is located in front of the beam 2. The horizontal bottom of the casing 13 is located approximately at the height of the upper part of the motor 10, which, seen according to FIG. 1, is behind it. The output shaft of the motor 10 extends forwards and is coupled to the input shaft of a gear transmission 14, mounted in a casing which, as shown in FIG. 3, extends from the motor obliquely upwards towards the plane of symmetry 9.

The orientation of the gear transmission casing 14 corresponds to the fact that the engine is disposed on one side of the plane 9 and to obtain that the center of gravity of the tractor is arranged as low as possible relative to the chassis 1. The output shaft of the motor 10 drives a gear 15 (FIG. 3), which drives a gear 16, which is located obliquely above it and which drives, by means of a gear 17, the gear 18, whose axis of rotation is located in the plane 9. The shaft of the gear 18 exits from the casing of the gear transmission 14 forwards and is coupled to the shaft ~ of input the gearbox 13. The gear 16 is integral with a gear 19 fixed on the same shaft; the gear 19 drives through an intermediate gear 20 a gear 21, the axis of rotation of which is situated in the vertical plane of symmetry 9 and at some distance below the gear 18. All the gears 15 to 21 are mounted in the aforementioned rigid casing, which connects the motor to the gear boot 13. The rotation shaft of the gear 21 projects both at the front and at the rear of the boot of the boot. gears 14 and forms a whole with a drive shaft 22, which rests in a horizontal tubular bearing 23, located in the plane 9 below the lower part of the casing of the gearbox 13 (Figure 1). The tube 23 is located below the gear boot 13 and in front of the gear transmission casing 14. The rear of the tube 23 is rigidly fixed against the front of the gear transmission casing 14 and rests by means of a support 24 against the lower part of the gear boot 13 at a point located in front of the gear transmission 14. The drive shaft 22, which is housed in the tube 23 protrudes at the rear of the gear transmission casing 14 and at the front outside of the tube 23 (Figure 1). The front of the H-shaped chassis part 5 contains the gearbox and differential housing 13 and the connecting tube 8 of the chassis part 5 is located - as shown in Figure 1- at a short distance from the rear face of the casing 14.

 On one side of the gearbox casing 13 is fixed a drive box 25, the output shaft 26 of which is directed towards the rear. The mechanism which is located in the drive box 25 and which drives the shaft 26 is coupled to an output shaft of the gearbox mechanism 13, so that the shaft 26 can be driven with a rotational speed which is proportional to the forward speed of the tractor. On the other hand, the drive shaft 22 is driven with a constant speed of rotation proportional to the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the motor 10.

 -On the upper part of each of the two tubes 7 of the H-shaped chassis part are fixed one behind the other three elastic supports 27 made of plastic or rubber, on which the cabin 6 rests.

The tractor cabin 6 comprises, in addition to a seat for.

the driver and a steering device which will be described in more detail, control members for driving the wheels and preferably also control members for engaging and disengaging the drive shaft 22 and the drive shaft . outlet 26 using couplings not shown, which are arranged near the drive shaft-22 at the location of the gear transmission housing 14 and in the drive box 25. As the shows FIG. 1, the cabin 6 has glazed side walls which end at the bottom by an edge 28 which, relative to the direction of travel
A, extends forward and obliquely upwards, so that the rear wall of the cab extends above the chassis part 5 and gives the driver a good view of the rear of the tractor. edge 28 ends at the front a short distance above the upper part of the gearbox 13, so that the driver has a good view of the front of the tractor through the front window of the cab 6 . Seen in FIG. 1, the front window of the cabin is substantially perpendicular to the front of the gearbox 13.

 A short distance behind the front of the gearbox casing 13, the tubular support members 29 are rigidly fixed to the sides of said casing symmetrically with respect to the plane 9. The two support members 29 have their ends opposite to the casing 13 located at the height from the front of the tubes 7 of the horizontal H-shaped chassis part 5. Near these ends, the bearing members 29 are fixed to casings 30 of gear transmission to be described in more detail. Tubular supports 31 at the bottom of the casings 30 are connected and extend from said casings 30 downwards and slightly forward so that their axes form an angle of approximately 80 "with a horizontal plane. tubular supports 31 can pivot, as will be described in more detail, with respect to the casings 30 about their longitudinal axes. At their lower ends, the supports 31 carry wheel carrying members 32 rigidly connected to the supports 31. In the position shown in FIG. 3, which corresponds with the advancement in a straight line, the tubular carrier members 32 extend horizontally and transversely to the direction of advancement A. As shown in FIG. 3, each wheel carrier member 32 is arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane parallel to the plane 9. At each of the two ends of each wheel-carrying member 32, at least one front wheel 33 is fixed, so that the tractor comprises in total four front wheels, located in a transverse row in the direction of travel A.

The diameter of each front wheel 33 is about 1.3 meters or less, but at least about 90 centimeters, while the width of a tire of a front wheel is about 40 centimeters. The upper parts of the wheels 33 are located approximately at the height of the upper part of the motor 10. The contact surface of all the front wheels 33 extends, seen from the front according to FIG. 3, therefore over a width of at least minus 1.60 meters or, if you have more than four wheels, on more than 1.60 meters.

 The differential located in the casing 13 has two output shafts which extend into the hollow carrier members 29 and which cause transmissions by bevel gears, arranged in the casings 30, so that the shafts located inside the supports 31 cause transmissions by bevel gears, arranged in the wheel carrying members and whose outgoing shafts are coupled to the front wheels 33, integral with each wheel carrying member 32.

The axes of rotation of the front wheels 33, driven in this way, coincide with the axes of the wheel carrying members 32. The supports 31 rest in the housings 30 so that they can rotate together with the wheel carrying members 32 and the corresponding front wheels 33 around the axis of the supports 31, which also coincides with the axis of the drive shafts, situated inside the supports 31 and which drive the front wheels 33. The supports 31 are provided with their upper end of levers 34, which, relative to the direction of travel A, project obliquely forward and inward and which, at their ends, opposite their supports 31, are coupled, so as to turning power, to 35 rods; which extend from the levers 34 inwards and with respect to the direction of travel A obliquely rearward and which, at their internal ends, are coupled so as to be able to rotate, at the rear corner vertices a triangular support plate 36 (FIG. 2), which is mounted on a substantially vertical shaft 37, so as to be able to pivot relative to the casing of the gearbox 13 which is rigidly fixed relative to the chassis 1. The shafts pivot, which are arranged at both ends of the steering rods 35, and the shaft 37, are preferably parallel to the axes of the supports 31. At the rear end of the steering plate 36, is also arranged the end d 'A piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 38, while the end of the cylinder itself is pivotally mounted around a substantially vertical shaft, relative to the chassis part 5 and one of the casings 30. The cylinder 38 is located a short distance behind one of the housings 30 and can be controlled from the cabin 6. In plan view (FIG. 2), the steering rods 35 cut a connection line perpendicular to the plane 9, between the housings 30, and the connecting pivots of these steering rods with the steering plate 36 are located at the rear of this connecting line. Apart from their steerability, the front wheels 33 are mounted on a load-bearing construction 29, 30, 31, 32 rigidly disposed relative to the chassis of the tractor 1. The distance between the rocket axes and the drive motor 10 is substantially equal to the diameter of the front wheels.

 The front end d- the drive shaft 22, seen in profile (FIG. 1), is situated approximately at the level of the plane passing through the axes of the supports 31 at the height of the upper part of the front wheels 33. View of in front, said end is inside the U-shaped supporting structure 29, 30, 31 of the front drive wheels 33. Viewed in profile, the cabin 6 extends practically up to the front of the axes of rotation of the wheels before 33.

 The rear of the main beam 2, indicated by the reference 39, is in profile view, approximately perpendicularly below the rear edge of the cabin 6. At the rear of said beam 2 is connected a piece of cylindrical tube 40. The front end of the tube part 40 (therefore close to the edge indicated by the reference 39) is closed by a strong partition welded against the inner circumference of the tube part 40. Against the front of this partition is welded a cylindrical tube 41, introduced into the beam 2 and extending to the front of the said beam 2. The outer circumference of the tube 41 closely adjusts to the inner circumference of the beam 2, so that the part in tube 40 and tube 41, which form a whole, rest so that they can rotate freely in tube 2. The axes of the tube part 40, of tube 41 and of beam 2 coincide.

Against the front of the beam 2 is welded a partition 42 provided with an axial hole for a bolt 43. The bolt rod 43 located in the beam 2 is screwed into a threaded hole in a partition 44A at the front end of the tube 41 and whose circumference is welded against the inner circumference of the tube 41. The bolt 43 prevents a rearward movement of the tube part 40 relative to the beam 2 and allows a certain adjustment of the contact pressure between the front end of the tube part 40 and the rear end of the beam 2. The rear end of the tube part 40 is substantially vertically below the rear end of the tube 7, on which rests cabin 6 (figure 1). The tube part 40 can pivot with the tube 41 relative to the main beam 2.

 Against the rear end of the tube part 40 is welded a bar or tube 44, transverse to the direction of travel A and, arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane 9, when the tractor is disposed on a horizontal plane. Each of the two ends of the bar 44 is located in a plane, parallel to the plane 9 and which substantially coincides with the vertical plane of symmetry of the outer front wheel 33 located on the same side of the plane 9, or a little outside of it. this. Near the ends of the bar 44 and against the rear of the latter are fixed carrying members 45, which extend rearward and also slightly oblique at the bottom.

Near the rear of each carrier member 45 is fixed a rotation shaft 46 which is parallel to the bar 44 and which projects on either side of the corresponding carrier member 45. Around each end of each of the two rotation shafts 46 rests at least one rear wheel 47, so that each carrier member 45 carries two rear wheels 47, the wheels of each pair being located on both sides of the carrier member 45. The attachment of each pair of wheels 47 is such that each of these wheels can rotate freely relative to another wheel of the pair (see the side view of FIG. 1).

 Just as the four front wheels 33, the four rear wheels 47, are arranged in a transverse row in the direction of travel A, and the relative arrangement of the two rows is such that, seen parallel to the direction of travel A, each of the two outer front wheels 33 is located between the rear wheels 47, situated on the same side of the plane of symmetry 9, so that, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the vertical plane of symmetry of each carrier member 45 substantially coincides with the vertical plane of symmetry of an outer front wheel 33. In addition, each of the inner front wheels 33 is arranged so that each inner front wheel 33, again seen in the direction of travel A , is mainly between the plane of symmetry 9 and an inner rear wheel 47. This is visible in the front view of Figure 3, from which it appears that the wheels occupy practically the entire width of the tractor in contact with the ground. As a result, the weight of the tractor is distributed over the entire width. The total width of the rear wheel row 47 is approximately 3 meters.

The diameter of all the wheels is the same and is about 1.3 meters or less, but at least about 90 centimeters, while the width of each wheel is about 40 centimeters.

 The rear wheels 47 can pivot as a whole, together with the load-bearing members 45, the bar 44 and the tube part 40 and the tube 41 around the axis of the beam 2 relative to the chassis of the tractor and also relative to the front wheels 33.

 On the upper part of the hollow bar 44, which in this embodiment is square, is disposed a support 48A, which is spaced from the plane 9 by the same distance as the output shaft 26 of the drive box 25.

 The support 48A holds a shaft 48, which projects at the front and at the rear of the support 47 and which is directed substantially horizontally and parallel to the plane of symmetry 9. The part of the shaft 48 which projects at the front of the support 47 is coupled, by means of a drive shaft 49 provided with two universal couplings, to the output shaft 26 of the drive box 25, so that the shaft 48 is driven at a speed of rotation proportional to the speed of rotation of the front driving wheels 33 and thus also to those of the rear non-driving wheels 47. On the upper part of the bar 44 near the plane of symmetry 9, two support plates 50, spaced apart, are fixed from each other and directed upwards. The plates 50 extend from the bar 44 obliquely upwards and backwards.

 Near their free end is a fixing hole 51, making it possible to pivotally mount the upper lifting arm of a three-point coupling device. Viewed from the front, the holes 51 are located near the vertical plane passing through the point. front of wheels 47.

Against the rear of the bar 44, on either side of the plane of symmetry 9, are fixed fixing ears 52, making it possible to pivotally mount the lower lifting arms 53 of the three-point hitching device, said lifting arms extending from the ears backwards obliquely outwards, symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry 9. The lifting arms 53 can rotate with respect to the ears 52 around pivoting axes 54, parallel in the longitudinal direction of the bar 44. Viewed in profile, the pivoting axes 54 are located near the front of the rear wheels 47.

 Between the support plates 50, slightly above the pivoting axes 54 and the bar 44, rests an axis 55, parallel to the bar 44. The axis 55 projects on either side outside of the pair of support plates 50 and is rigidly connected, near its two ends, to a lever 56, which in FIG. 1; extends from the corresponding end of the axis 55 towards the rear up to approximately above the axis of rotation of the rear wheels 47. This rear end of each lever 56 is connected so as to be able to rotate to the near lower lifting arm 53 using a lifting arm 57, directed downwards. The levers 56 and the lifting arms 57 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry 9. Near its middle, located in the plane of symmetry 9, the axis 55 is rigidly connected to a lever 58, which extends to from the axis 55 down to near the rear of the bar 44 and which is connected at this point so as to be able to rotate at the end of the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 59, which is housed in the tube part 40. The jack 59, which can be controlled from the cabin 6, is fixed near its end before being able to rotate relative to the tube part 40 using a horizontal pivoting axis 60, transverse to the direction of travel A. In order to be able to assemble the jack 59, there are provided in the front and rear walls of the bar 44, calibrated openings for the passage of the jack 59 and of its piston rod.

By controlling the hydraulic cylinder 59, the lower lifting arms 53 can be pushed up as well as down by the lever 58, two levers 56 and two lifting arms 57. The lifting arms 53 and the rod upper, which can be fixed so that it can rotate in the fixing plates 51 of the support plates 50, form a three-point lifting device 61.

 At the front of the tractor against the casing of the gearbox and of the differential 13 are fixed two support plates 62, arranged at a short distance on either side of the plane of symmetry 9, which project forward.

Around a pivoting axis 63, which rests near the front and the upper part of the support plates 62 at the height of the upper side of the gearbox 13, a support 64 is mounted for rotation. The front of said support is welded against the rear of a hollow tube 65, which is directed
upwards and which, in the drawn position, is oriented obliquely upwards and backwards. The support 64 comprises near its lower part a pivot 66, around which one end of a hydraulic cylinder 67 is mounted so as to be able to rotate.

The other end of the cylinder 67 is arranged so that it can rotate around a pivot 68. The pivots
68 are also located between the plates 62 and disposed near the front end of the gearbox casing 13. The hydraulic cylinder 67 extends from
pivot 68 substantially horizontally. forward.

Around the pivot 66 is also arranged one end of a second hydraulic cylinder 69, which is housed vertically between the two legs of the support 64.

The upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 69 is fixed so that it can rotate around a pivot 70, which rests in a support 71, the front of which is rigidly welded to a tube 72 which can slide telescopically towards the up and down.

For this, there is provided at the rear of the tube 65 a slot parallel to the axis of the tube 65 and through which the support 70 projects rearwards, so that the support 71 and the tube 72 can slide upwards. and downwards with respect to the stop 65. The tube 72, which, like the tube 65, is preferably of rectangular section protrudes from the lower part of the tube 65 and is fixedly connected by a tab 73, to a bell-shaped tube 74, the axis of which is situated in a plane perpendicular to the plane 9. As shown in FIG. 3, the tube -74 is curved in an arc of a circle and protrudes from its point of attachment to the tube 72 on either side 'other of plane 9 symmetrically down.

Near each of its two lower ends, the tube 74 carries a fixing lug 75. The two fixing lugs 75 and the fixing lug 73 are provided with fixing holes for the machines or tools to be coupled to the tractor, so that the construction 72 to 75 forms a three-point lifting device. The pivots 63, 66, 68 and 70 are all parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry 9.

 Viewed from the front in FIG. 3, the fixing lugs 75 of the lifting device 76 are located in front of the interior front wheels 33. Seen in FIG. 1, the lifting device 76 is located near the front of the front wheels 33.

 The example of combination represents in FIGS. 4 and 5, two machines coupled both to the front lifting device 76 and to the rear lifting device 61. The assembly forms an agricultural machine, of which the tractor is the source of energy. .

 In the combination shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a milling cutter 77 is adapted to the front lifting device 76. Said milling cutter comprises a horizontal shaft 78, transverse to the direction of travel A on which milling cutter bodies 79 are distributed, distributed along the length of the tree 78 which in this example is approximately 3 meters).

This active part of the cutter 77 is covered over its entire active length by a cover 80 which comprises a part in an arc of a circle extended towards the rear by a part curved horizontally behind which during operation drags on the ground. The shaft 78 is driven via a gearbox 81, which extends upwards from one end of the axis 78 and which is placed laterally. At its upper end, the gearbox 81 is engaged by the way of a return shaft 82 transverse to the direction of travel A (FIG. 5) with another gearbox 83, provided with a shaft 84. The shaft 84 is connected by an intermediate shaft 85, which is provided with universal couplings, at the front end of the drive shaft 22 of the tractor which, as mentioned above, can be driven with a rotational speed, which is proportional to the rotational speed of the output axis of the tractor engine 10.

 The gearbox 81 of the cutter 77 is carried by one of the two side plates 86, mounted at the ends of the cutter. The two side plates 825 are held by two bars 87A, placed at the rear and at the front (FIG. 4). The two bars 87A are perpendicular to the plane of symmetry 9 and are connected to each other by two bell-shaped tubes 87 spaced from one another, arranged symmetrically on either side of the box d gears 83 and the plane of symmetry 9.

 Near the upper part of the two tubes 87, are arranged bars 88 parallel to the axis 78 connecting the tubes 87. Near the plane of symmetry 9 are arranged two parallel support plates 89, and located in the direction of advancement A and which are rigidly fixed to the connecting bars 88. As shown in FIG. 4, the tubes 87, the bars 88 and the support plates 89 are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry 90, which comprises the axis 78 and which is directed perpendicular to the plane of symmetry 9. Fixing tabs 91 are directed towards the outside of the cutter and are welded to the bars 87A. In the plates 91, fixing holes 92 are arranged for coupling the cutter 77 to the lower point of the device for lifting the power source (the tractor). Near the two ends of the support plates 89, are arranged fixing holes. fixing 93 for coupling the cutter 77 to the upper point of the same lifting device. The fixing lugs 91 on the bars 87A have a spacing which corresponds to that of the lower fixing lugs 75 of the lifting device 76. FIG. 4 shows that the three coupling points 92, 93 are arranged symmetrically on each side of the cutter relative to the plane of symmetry 90, so that the cutter can be coupled either on one side or the other. It is therefore possible to similarly provide other machines or tools with such a possibility of double coupling.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, the fixing holes 93, seen in profile, are situated vertically above the fixing holes 92, but this is not a limitation of this construction.

 In FIG. 4, it can also be seen that three combined machines are coupled simultaneously to the rear lifting device 71 of the power source, namely a rotary harrow 94 whose teeth can be driven around substantially vertical axes, a seed drill 95 mounted above the harrow 94, and a roller 96 which can be driven and which is partially below the seed drill 95 and which serves inter alia as a lump roller.

The harrow 94, the seed drill 95 and the roller 96 extend over almost the entire width of the tractor.

 Harrow 94 is provided with an input shaft 97, located near the plane of symmetry 9 and which, by means of an intermediate shaft 98 provided with universal couplings, is coupled to a shaft 99 (FIG. 5), which rests between the support plates 50 on the upper part of the bar 44. The front end of the shaft 99 is engaged by means of the intermediate shaft 100, provided with universal couplings with the rear end of the drive shaft 22 which can be driven with a rotational speed proportional to that of the drive motor 10.

The PTO shafts 99, 48 and 22, as well as the drive wheels, are therefore driven by means of mechanical transmissions synchronized in parallel.

 Near its middle, the harrow 94 carries a vertical, generally triangular-shaped bracket 101 which, near its upper end, is provided with a fixing hole 102 for the upper rod 103 of the lifting device 61. Near the two lateral sides brackets 101 on the main chassis of the harrow are fixed supports 104, for coupling the harrow 94 to the lower lifting arms 53 of the power source. With each of the supports 104, two other support bars cooperate, which belong to other machines, namely a support bar 105, which belongs to the seed drill 95 and a support bar 106, which belongs to the roller 96. 'support 105, located on either side of the plane of symmetry 9, extend from their coupling points, obliquely upwards and backwards to a support bar 107, which supports the tray seed 108 of the seeder 95 over its entire width (about 3 meters). The support bars 105 are preferably rigidly connected to the other part of the seed drill 95. The dimensioning is such that the two support bars 105 extend up above the harrow 94. In the front and near the plane of symmetry 9, a support 108A is placed on the seed tray 108 with the aid of which the seed drill 95 can be coupled both to the upper end of the stem 101 and to the upper rod 103.

 The support bars 106, which belong to the roller 96 and which are both arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane 9, extend from the coupling to the lower lifting arms 53 obliquely backwards and slightly upwards up to a support bar 109, which forms the chassis bar of the roller 96. The support bars 106 are preferably rigidly connected to the chassis of the roller 96. A gearbox 110 for driving the roller 96 rests on the load-bearing bar 109 on one side of the plane of symmetry 9 and at a short distance from it.

The gearbox 110 includes a slowing mechanism. the input shaft 111 of the gearbox 110 is engaged using an intermediate shaft 112, provided with universal couplings, with the rear end of the shaft 48 of the energy source (from the tractor). The shaft 48 is driven through the shaft 49 at a speed of rotation proportional to the speed of advancement of the energy source. The gearbox 110 has an output shaft, which, by means of a drive shaft 113, perpendicular to the plane of symmetry 9, is connected to the input shaft of a gearbox. drive 114, which extends from the shaft 113 obliquely downward and backward towards the main shaft 115 of the roller 96.The drive gear 114 includes a chain transmission, with which the roller 96 can be driven with a speed of rotation, which is substantially equal to or a little greater than the speed of advance of the energy source. The output shaft of the gearbox 13 is slowed down for this in the drive box 25 of the tractor, in the deceleration mechanism 110 and in the drive box 114 in such a way that the circumferential speed of the roller matches with that of the tractor.

 Near the plane of symmetry 9 on the chassis of the roller 96, is fixed a rod 116A adjustable in length and pivoting which extends between the upper part of the harrow 94 and the lower part of the seed drill 95 for fixing to the upper rod 103 of the lifting device 61. The seed drill 95 is provided with a row of sowing tubes 95A, which are directed from the seed tray 108 obliquely downward and rearward and which are in contact with the ground behind the roller 96.

 From the above, it will be clear that the attachment points of the three machines to the upper rod 103 and to the lower lifting arms 53 of the lifting device 61 coincide. For this these fixing points are made as shown in Figure 6. Thus we obtain that the coupling of one or more machines no longer depend on the coupling points of another machine, which must be fixed to the same lifting device and which therefore must be more complicated and heavier. In FIG. 6, the pair of supports of the harrow 94, situated on one side of the plane of symmetry 9, is indicated by the reference numeral 104. These supports 104 are enclosed by a fork 116, fixed to the support bar 106 of the roller 96. The fork 116 is itself surrounded by a fork 117, fixed to the end of the support bar 105 of the seed drill 95. This is made possible, because the supports 104, the support bar 106 and the bar support 105 are angularly offset between them in the vertical direction as shown in Figure 4. The supports 104 and the forks 115 and 116 are fixed, using a pin 118, to the rear end of the device corresponding lower lifting S3.At its upper part, the bracket 101 forms supports, which are indicated in FIG. 6 also with the reference numeral 101. These supports 101 are enclosed by a fork 119, fixed to the rod 116A by means of which the roller 96 is connected to the. upper rod 103. On the outer sides of the fork 119 are located two support plates 108A (FIGS. 4 and 6), with which the seed tray 108 is fixed to the upper rod 103 of the lifting device 61. If the seed drill 95 and the roller 96 were provided with supports 105, respectively 106, fixed so as to be able to turn, with the corresponding machine, the multiple coupling shown would be obtained in the same way, because as seen in the profile view, provision has been made triangular supports which can be considered non-deformable.

 Figures 7 to 9 show other possible agricultural machines from the same energy source. In FIG. 7 is drawn an exemplary embodiment of an agricultural machine, in which the cutter 77 of FIG. 4 is coupled to the rear of the tractor. In this case, the three front fixing holes 92, 93 which are not used in FIG. 4 are used.

8 shows an agricultural machine, in which the same energy source is used, with on its front lifting device 76 the cutter 77 arranged in the same way as in FIG. 4 and on its rear lifting device 61 the seed drill 95 and the driven roller 96 only. For this combination, a rigid mutual arrangement of the coupling points at the lower ends of the support bar 105 and of the supports 108A is used relative to the other part of the seed drill 95.

 In FIG. 9, the cutter 77 is also fixed at the front of the power source and at the rear a combination which consists of a rotary harrow 94 and the seed drill 95.

In this way, the following combinations can be made
1. Energy source with seed drill.

 2. Energy source with roller and seed drill.

 3. Power source with rotary harrow and roller.

 4. Energy source with rotary harrow and seed drill.

 5. Energy source with rotary harrow, roller and seed drill.

 6. Energy source with strawberry, roller and seed drill.

 7. Energy source with cutter, rotary harrow, roller and seed drill.

 9. Energy source with strawberry at the front.

 10.Source of energy with strawberry on the back.

 11.All combinations of cutters in front of or behind the power source with other tools.

 The total length of the agricultural machines thus constituted between approximately 5.2 to 7.5 times the diameter of the wheels of the power source, the total width of the machine is approximately Z, 3 to 3.3 times the diameter of the wheels the distance measured between the axes of rotation of the two rows of tires 33, 47 is approximately equal to the length of the longest row of tires, i.e. in the example shown the rear row which measures about 3 meters.

During operation, the motor 10 drives
Far the gears track 15 to 18, the gearbox and the differential 13, from which the front row of wheels 33 is driven with a transmission ratio, which is desired by the driver and which determines the forward speed. From the output of the gearbox, the drive shaft 49 is also driven, which, as already mentioned, has a rotational speed, which is proportional to the forward speed. AT
With the aid of the gears 15, 16, 19, 20 and 21 (FIG. 3), the shaft 22 and therefore the intermediate shaft 100 are driven with the help of which the soil working instruments or the like can be driven with a speed, which is proportional to that of the motor 10.

 Under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 38 (FIG. 2) the front wheels can pivot around the axes of the tubular supports 31, which serve as rocket axes. The angle on which the front wheels can be turned is approximately 900 on either side of the position drawn in Figure 2, which corresponds to the straight line advance so that a total possible rotation of the wheels forward around the rocket axes is approximately 1800. The geometry of the steering using the triangular plate 36, the steering rods 35 and the levers 34 is such that the center of rotation of the tractor in tight turns is located inside the outer circumference of the tractor.

This has the advantage during maneuvers at the head of the field of increasing the usable area of cultivated land due to the very small turning radius. By controlling the hydraulic cylinder 67, the position of the front lifting device 76 can be modified relative to on the ground, by rotation around the axis 63. This facilitates the coupling of machines or instruments because in this case the adjustment of the coupling points, in particular of the upper rods, is not necessary because it is the assembly of the coupling device 76 which moves up or down along the axis of the tube 65 under the action of the jack 69. The jacks 6, and 69 can be controlled from the cabin 6 .

 Under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 59, the lever 58 pivots about the axis 55 fixed firmly with respect to the bar 44, as does the lever 56 fixed firmly with respect to the lever 58, so that using the arms lifting 77 the lower lifting arms 53 of the three-point lifting device 61 can be moved with force both up and down.

 The machines coupled to the lifting device 76 are driven using the intermediate shaft 85 fixed to the front end of the drive shaft 22. In addition using the intermediate shaft 100 fixed to the rear of the drive shaft 22, the shaft part 99 and the intermediate shaft 92, which is coupled to it, are connected to the input shaft of the rotary harrow 94 coupled to the device rear 61.

 On the other hand, the output shaft 26 which can be driven with a speed proportional to the forward speed of the tractor by means of the drive shaft 49, the shaft 48 and the intermediate shaft 112, can be engaged with the input shaft 111 of the roller 96, and also using a belt or chain transmission, not shown, to the seed drill 95. With the aid of the gearbox 110 and the drive shaft 113 of the roller 96, the main shaft 115 of the roller 96 is driven with a speed which corresponds approximately with the forward speed of the tractor or a slightly greater speed via the medium 114.

The main shaft 115 of the roller, which is produced in the form of a tube, is provided with a row of cutting flanks with protrusions 121 directed transversely, said row extending over the entire width (about 3 meters) of the machine. The active width of the 95 seed drill and that of the rotary harrow also agree with this dimension. By driving the projections 121, one obtains not only a working-of the soil following the machine preceding the roller, but also a force, which propels the whole machine and which is added to the propelling force es .cracked, by the wheels and which is borrowed
to the engine by means of a PTO, so that the tractive force of the wheels 33 and thus their ground pressure can be reduced compared to the configuration in which there is no roller.
unfavorable forces roller 96 can provide a significant contribution to propulsion, because skidding plays a much smaller role in its transmission than in that of the wheels which are driven by a differential. For this, the radial dimension of the projections 121 can be chosen relatively large. During operation, the tube which carries projections, can rest on the ground and be cleaned by the scrapers 123, which are fixed to a frame bar 122, located behind the roller 96 and which extends over the entire width of the roller . The scrapers 123 are directed from the bar 122 obliquely forwards and downwards between spaces which lie between the axial projections 121 and they rest on the circumference of the tube. The cutting sides protrude outside the tube on a distance substantially equal to the spacing between the cutting flanks.

 As the ends fixed to the tractor of the lower lifting arms 53 ~ can pivot around axes 54, which seen in profile, are located near the front delimitation line of the rear wheels 47, the height of a hitched implement can be adjusted without changing the inclination of the tool relative to the horizontal plane. The fact that the articulation axis to which the upper lifting arm is fixed is seen in profile also close to the vertical plane passing through this same delimitation line contributes to this result.

 The adaptation of the machines coupled to the rear lifting device 61, to the energy source is such that these machines, together with the lifting device 61, the rear wheels 47, the carrying members 45 and the bar 44, can rotate as a whole around a horizontal axis located in the direction of travel (1 axis of t be 2) relative to the other part of the tractor (the energy source) and also relative to the machine or machines attached to the front lifting device 76. It is also possible to attach several machines to the lifting device 76 in the same manner as shown for the rear lifting device 61. The tractor shown in Figures 1 to 3 may have a relatively light weight due to the use of wheels whose diameter is relatively small, since the weight of a wheel increases or decreases mainly with the square of its diameter. The chassis of the tractor is very light, because it mainly consists of the beam 2 with supports 3 for the engine and the fuel tank and supports 12 for the gearbox 13 and a light chassis part 5 for cabin 6. In this way, it is possible to obtain that the weight of the tractor (of the energy source) is approximately 3.500 kg. The power of the drive motor 10 can be restricted to about 60 kW, and preferably about 50 kW.

 The tires of the wheels 33 and 47 are low-pressure tires with narrow treads with a height of approximately 3 centimeters. When using low pressure tires, the contact plane of each tire on the ground becomes significantly wider than the nominal width of the tire, so that a large contact surface is obtained.

 The tractor (the energy source) being equipped with eight tires, the wheel tracks of which do not overlap or practically do not overlap, a large contact surface is obtained for the distribution of the tractor weight on the ground, which joins to the low weight of the tractor gives very low pressure on the soil. Thus the structure of the soil under the tractor remains intact and there are no disadvantageous consequences for plant growth.

 The distribution of the tractor weight is such that most of its weight rests on the front wheels 33, which are driven. The weight of the engine and the fuel tank is arranged very low in the middle between the two rows of wheels 33 and 47> while the weight of the gearbox and the differential as well as the largest part of the weight of the cabin rests on the front wheels to provide the greatest possible grip.

This also contributes to the weight of the machines coupled to the front lifting device 76 near the front wheels 33.

 the rear row of wheels 47, which can pivot around the longitudinal axis of the tube 2, and the machines which are fixed to the rear lifting device 61, can rotate freely relative to the other part of the tractor, so that all the wheels 33 which can be driven always remain in contact with the ground.

 The tractor described constitutes a source of energy for driving an agricultural machine, which may consist of a combination of several interchangeable tools.

The tractor is a source of energy, which is especially suitable for working the soil. The combination of power source and tools is very useful for working the soil in the spring and sowing on the land, which is plowed for the river (due to its low pressure on the soil), as well only for stubble cultivation and for the work of the fall mound and for sowing.

 The low weight of the tractor results in significant fuel savings, especially when the tractor is used on plowed soil.

 The soil is less compressed, whereby the yield of plants is increased. Thanks to the large number of tractor wheels, which form a practically closed row in the front view, the disturbed soil is also compressed in some way and wheel tracks are avoided.

 The powered implements can propel themselves, so less pulling force on the tractor wheels is required.

 This resulted in a relatively low weight tractor and therefore a low cost price and less fuel consumption, so that the operating profitability is increased.

Claims (4)

Claims  1. Roller driven in rotation comprising a chassis with coupling points and a drive transmission supported by the chassis, ie driven roller exerting, during operation, a propelling force on a tractor to which it is coupled, and covering approximately the width of the tractor, said roller being driven by a PTO shaft of the tractor, characterized in that the chassis Cl9) has coupling points (116, 119) for directly coupling to the three coupling pins d 'a lifting device (61) of the tractor; in that the input shaft of the transmission (110) is intended to be directly coupled to a PTO shaft (46) of the tractor, which shaft is driven, during operation, at a speed proportional to the tractor running speed, and in that said chassis supports a main driven track shaft provided with appendages (121) protruding radially, intended to be driven by engaging in the ground at a peripheral speed slightly higher than the speed of circulation of the tractor, scrutinizes that said roller exerts a propelling force which is nitrogenous to that of the tractor to which it is coupled.  2. Roller according to claim i, wherein said chassis (19) is provided with coupling points (116, 119) for direct coupling with coupling points Cl1, 1e4; 18A, 117) of an agricultural machine intended to be coupled to the driven roller (96).  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the assembly of the main shaft (115) and its appendages (121) - is provided with scrapers (112, 123) to maintain the cleanliness of the assembly.  4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which during operation, the appendages (121) produce a soil cultivation effect.