FR2609164A1 - Furnace for firing ceramic materials such as slabs (tiles) and the like - Google Patents
Furnace for firing ceramic materials such as slabs (tiles) and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2609164A1 FR2609164A1 FR8717516A FR8717516A FR2609164A1 FR 2609164 A1 FR2609164 A1 FR 2609164A1 FR 8717516 A FR8717516 A FR 8717516A FR 8717516 A FR8717516 A FR 8717516A FR 2609164 A1 FR2609164 A1 FR 2609164A1
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- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- oven
- zones
- irradiation
- oven according
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
- F27D99/0035—Heating indirectly through a radiant surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
- F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
- F27B9/029—Multicellular type furnaces constructed with add-on modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
- F27B9/08—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated through chamber walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
- F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
- F27D1/1858—Doors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un four de cuisson de matières céramiques te'les que dalles et similaires. The present invention relates to an oven for firing ceramic materials such as slabs and the like.
Plus particulièrement il est utilisé principalement mais non exclusivement dans les procédés de cuisson rapide de matières céramiques et notamment de dalles.More particularly it is used mainly but not exclusively in the rapid cooking processes of ceramic materials and in particular of slabs.
Les procédés connus de cuisson rapide des dalles céramiques sont effectués moyennant l'emploi de fours continus à rouleaux et c'est en parcourant ceux-ci que la matière subit le cycle de cuisson. Dans ces fours en effet, à régime normal, il y a une distribution bien précise de la température le long de l'axe longitudinal du four, de la bouche d'entrée à la bouche de sortie, représentable par une courbe continue. The known methods of rapid firing of ceramic slabs are carried out by means of the use of continuous roll ovens and it is by traversing these that the material undergoes the firing cycle. In these ovens, in fact, at normal speed, there is a very precise distribution of the temperature along the longitudinal axis of the oven, from the inlet mouth to the outlet mouth, which can be represented by a continuous curve.
Dans cette courbe on peut reconnaitre: une première portion ascendante, une portion intermédiaire, o l'on atteint la température maximale, et une portion descendante. La matière, pendant qu'elle parcourt le four, est ainsi graduellement soumise à des températures croissantes durant l'étape de chauffage, jusqu'à atteindre la zone c- température maximale et est ensuite soumise à une action. In this curve we can recognize: a first ascending portion, an intermediate portion, where we reach the maximum temperature, and a descending portion. The material, as it travels through the oven, is thus gradually subjected to increasing temperatures during the heating step, until it reaches the zone c - maximum temperature and is then subjected to an action.
de refroidissement par degrés. En définitive, le long du développement du four de sa bouche d'entrée à sa bouche de sortie on rencontre des zones en correspondance desouel les on transmet de l'énergie thermique à la matière cérami que, suivies de zones en correspondance desquelles, au contraire, on soustrait de l'énergie thermique à la même matière. Le système universellement employé pour la réalisation de ces opérations d'échange thermique dans les fours à rouleaux est celui d'utiliser un échange basé principalement sur la transmission par convection et caractérisé par la présence de deux écoulements continus en contre-courant, à savoir: la matière céramique à cuire qui de l'entrée avance sur la ligne de rouleaux vers la zone de cuisson et lus fumées chaudes qui de la zone de cuisson se dirigent vers la cheminée.cooling by degrees. Ultimately, along the development of the furnace from its inlet mouth to its outlet mouth, there are zones in correspondence of which the thermal energy is transmitted to the ceramic material only, followed by zones in correspondence of which, on the contrary , we subtract thermal energy from the same material. The system universally used for carrying out these heat exchange operations in roller ovens is that of using an exchange based mainly on convection transmission and characterized by the presence of two continuous counter-current flows, namely: the ceramic material to be fired which from the entrance advances on the line of rollers towards the cooking zone and the hot fumes which from the cooking zone go towards the chimney.
En vue de réaliser une courbe prédéterminée de cuis son, on effectue ensuite l'admission d'énergie à des niveaux thermiques différents de manière à interrompre, sur une portion donnée, l'effet du contre-courant dans le but d'avoir une certaine partie du four à une température constante (dans laquelle il y a l'intervention des réactions chimico-physiques qui donnent lieu au véritable procédé de cuisson). In order to achieve a predetermined cooking sound curve, energy is then admitted to different thermal levels so as to interrupt, on a given portion, the effect of the counter current in order to have a certain part of the oven at a constant temperature (in which there is the intervention of chemical-physical reactions which give rise to the real cooking process).
Un système d'échange de ce type entraîne des inconvénients dts au fait que la matière qui avance dans le four rencontre toujours des fumées à des températures différentes et des courants à des vitesses différentes qui la lèchent d'une façon seulement approximativement uniforme. An exchange system of this type has drawbacks due to the fact that the material which advances in the furnace always encounters fumes at different temperatures and currents at different speeds which lick it in an only approximately uniform manner.
Un autre inconvénient qui se présente dans ces types de fours est représenté par l'impossibilité d'effectuer en cours de cuisson des traitements différenciés, c'est-àdire des traitements qui demandent par exemple des atmosphères contôlées particuiières. Another drawback which occurs in these types of ovens is represented by the impossibility of carrying out differentiated treatments during cooking, that is to say treatments which require, for example, particular controlled atmospheres.
L'invention, telle qu'elle est caractérisée par les revendications, se propose de pallier les inconvénients et les défauts de l'art connu précédemment cités. The invention, as characterized by the claims, proposes to overcome the drawbacks and defects of the known art previously mentioned.
Un autre but de l'invention est celui de créer un four à rouleaux lequel comporte une série d'unités de traitement de nombre égal à celui des niveaux thermiques caractéristiques prévus pour la cuisson, lesquelles constituent essentiellement des modules qui sont tous mécaniquement et thermiquement indépendants l'un de l'autre de manière qu'ils n'exercent aucune influence l'un sur l'autre. Another object of the invention is that of creating a roller oven which comprises a series of processing units of number equal to that of the characteristic thermal levels provided for cooking, which essentially constitute modules which are all mechanically and thermally independent each other so that they have no influence on each other.
D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressorti ront plus clairement de la description détaillée qui suit d'une forme d'exécu ion préférée mais non exclusive de l'invention, donné à simple titre d'exemple non limitatif en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels: - la figure 1 montre une coupe longitudinale schématique, exécutée le long d'un plan vertical, d'un four selon la présente invention; - la figure 2 représente un exemple de courbe de cuisson réalisée par le schéma de four de la figure 1; - la figure 3 montre à plus grande échelle une zone du four de la figure 1. Other characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly from the following detailed description of a preferred but non-exclusive form of execution of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings , in which: - Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section, carried out along a vertical plane, of an oven according to the present invention; - Figure 2 shows an example of a cooking curve produced by the oven diagram of Figure 1; - Figure 3 shows on a larger scale an area of the oven of Figure 1.
En se référant auxdites figures, on a globalement indiqué en 1 un four pour la cuisson rapide de dalles céramiques 8 lequel comporte une série de zones ou de milieux de traitement disposés et reliés en succession l'un après l'autre par un système de transport comportant un transporteur à rouleaux 6 qui se compose d'une pluralité de rouleaux 7 entraînés par un moteur et disposés côte à côte avec leurs axes parallèles de manière à former un plan de transport. Chaque zone de traitement est caractérisée par un niveau bien défini de température détectable, en ce qui concerne le cycle de cuisson pris en examen, sur le gra phique de la figure 2, où, en fonction de la longueur L du four représentée sur l'axe des abscisses, on a indiqué, sur l'axe des ordonnées, le niveau de température (T). Referring to said figures, there is generally indicated in 1 an oven for the rapid firing of ceramic tiles 8 which comprises a series of zones or treatment media arranged and connected in succession one after the other by a transport system comprising a roller conveyor 6 which consists of a plurality of rollers 7 driven by a motor and arranged side by side with their parallel axes so as to form a transport plane. Each treatment zone is characterized by a well-defined level of detectable temperature, with regard to the cooking cycle taken into consideration, on the graph of FIG. 2, where, as a function of the length L of the oven represented on the abscissa axis, the temperature level (T) has been indicated on the ordinate axis.
Chaque zone, définie par le niveau prédéterminé de température, est séparée des autres et comporte au moins un "module" indiqué globalement en 12, représenté sur la figure 3. La direction du résultant mouvement d'avancement des dalles 8 à l'intérieur du four et donc également à l'intérieur du module,ou zone de traitement, 12 est indi quée par la flèche 21. Aux dalles qui se trouvent sur le transporteur à rouleaux 6 à l'intérieur du module 12 on trasmet de l'énergie thermique par irradiation par l'intermédiaire de surfaces radiantes disposées à des distances préétablies et exactement au-dessus et au-dessous du plan de transport engendré par les rouleaux 7.Each zone, defined by the predetermined temperature level, is separate from the others and comprises at least one "module" indicated generally at 12, represented in FIG. 3. The direction of the resulting movement of advancement of the slabs 8 inside the oven and therefore also inside the module, or treatment zone, 12 is indicated by the arrow 21. The slabs which are on the roller conveyor 6 inside the module 12 transmit thermal energy by irradiation by means of radiant surfaces arranged at predetermined distances and exactly above and below the transport plane generated by the rollers 7.
Ces surfaces radiantes sont formées des plaques d'irradiation 13 situées contiguës l'une à l'autre et caractérisées par une conductibilité thermique et des coefficients d'émission qui sont élevés même à de basses températures.These radiant surfaces are formed of irradiation plates 13 located contiguous to each other and characterized by thermal conductivity and emission coefficients which are high even at low temperatures.
Les plaques 13 sont chauffées en correspondance du côté opposé à la surface d'émission, c'est-à-dire celle orientée vers le transporteur à rouleaux 6, par des brQ- leurs dont les fumées lèchent les surfaces dudit côté opposé à l'intérieur de chambres ou interstices 14 et 15 séparés hermétiquement de la chambre 16 qui constitue la véritable zone de traitement. The plates 13 are heated in correspondence on the side opposite to the emission surface, that is to say that facing the roller conveyor 6, by burners whose fumes lick the surfaces of said side opposite to the interior of chambers or interstices 14 and 15 hermetically separated from chamber 16 which constitutes the true treatment zone.
De cette manière dans les chambes 14 et 15 la transmission thermique a lieu partiellement par irradiation et partiellement par convection grâce aux fumées chaudes produites par les brûleurs 17, alors que dans la véritable chambre de traitement 16 elle a lieu par irradiation entre les surfaces d'émission des plaques 13 et les dalles céramiques 8. Dans le but de favoriser, à l'intérieur des chambres 14 et 15, les conditions d'échange ther mique entre les fumées chaudes et les plaques 13, les sur faces de contact avec les fumées de ces dernières sont réalisées de manière à obtenir des coefficients d'échange thermique élevés. A l'intérieur de la chambre 16 la circulation d'air est pratiquement nulle. Ceci permet d'éviter toute interférence avec les chambre contiguës. In this way in chambers 14 and 15 the thermal transmission takes place partially by irradiation and partially by convection thanks to the hot fumes produced by the burners 17, while in the true treatment chamber 16 it takes place by irradiation between the surfaces of emission of the plates 13 and the ceramic slabs 8. With the aim of promoting, inside the chambers 14 and 15, the heat exchange conditions between the hot fumes and the plates 13, the surfaces of contact with the fumes of these are carried out so as to obtain high heat exchange coefficients. Inside the chamber 16 the air circulation is practically zero. This avoids any interference with adjoining rooms.
La chambre 16 est en effet séparée tant de la chambre qui la précède que de celle qui vient après en se référant à la direction du mouvement indiqué par la flèche 21, au moyen de minces boites à vent ou hottes d'aspiration 28 et 29 qui opèrent, en conditions de faible dépression, entre la zone de traitement, définie par le module 12, et celles attenantes, à proximité du plan de transport du transporteur à rouleaux 6. The chamber 16 is in fact separated both from the chamber which precedes it and from that which follows after referring to the direction of movement indicated by the arrow 21, by means of thin wind boxes or extractor hoods 28 and 29 which operate, in low vacuum conditions, between the treatment zone, defined by module 12, and those adjoining, near the transport plane of the roller conveyor 6.
Notamment la séparation entre les zones de traitement attenantes est totale en ce qui concerne la partie inférieure aux rouleaux 7, grâce aux parois 41, et partielle, excepté l'épaisseur des dalles 8, en ce qui concerne la partie supérieure, grâce aux parois 40. In particular, the separation between the adjoining treatment zones is complete with regard to the lower part of the rollers 7, thanks to the walls 41, and partial, except for the thickness of the slabs 8, with regard to the upper part, thanks to the walls 40 .
L'ouverture par laquelle chaque zone est mise en co- munication avec la zone contiguë, laquelle est suffisante à permettre le passage des dalles pendant le transfert rapide de ces dernières d'une zone à l'autre, est fermée, pour ainsi dire, par la faible dépression créée par les hottes ou boites à vent 28 et 29. The opening through which each zone is put into communication with the contiguous zone, which is sufficient to allow the passage of the slabs during the rapid transfer of the latter from one zone to another, is closed, so to speak, by the low vacuum created by hoods or wind boxes 28 and 29.
L'énergie thermique de l'air enlevé à travers les boites à vent 28 et 29 est récupérée, ensemble avec l'é- nergie thermique des fumées enlevées des chambres 14 et 15, dans des récupérateurs 22 et 23 utilisés pour l'alimentation des brûleurs 17. The thermal energy of the air removed through the wind boxes 28 and 29 is recovered, together with the thermal energy of the fumes removed from the chambers 14 and 15, in recuperators 22 and 23 used for feeding the burners 17.
De cette manière la séparation entre chaque chambre de traitement et celle immédiatement contiguë est suffisante à assurer, sans aucun phénomène d'interférence, une différence de niveau de température entre les deux chambres de plusieurs centaines de degrés centigrades. In this way the separation between each treatment chamber and that immediately adjacent is sufficient to ensure, without any interference phenomenon, a difference in temperature level between the two chambers of several hundred degrees centigrade.
Ceci permet la réalisation de cycles de cuisson rapide dans lesquels on prévoit d'assujettir la matière à cuire à un certain nombre de sautes de température, cha cune desquelles peut être suivie d'une étape de maintien, disposées en succession rapine l'une après l'autre. This allows rapid cooking cycles to be carried out in which it is intended to subject the material to be cooked to a certain number of temperature changes, each of which can be followed by a holding step, arranged in quick succession one after the other. the other.
Ceci offre également la possibilité de destiner une ou plusieurs zones, ou modules, à des traitement en atmosphère contrôlée. This also offers the possibility of devoting one or more zones, or modules, to treatments in a controlled atmosphere.
Pour effectuer le refroidissement on peut utiliser des modules analogues dans lesquels évidemment les brûleurs 17 n'agissent pas et le sens de l'échange thermique est inversé, c'est-à-dire qu'il va des dalles 8 chaudes aux plaques 17 maintenues à une température bien inférieure. To carry out the cooling, it is possible to use similar modules in which obviously the burners 17 do not act and the direction of the heat exchange is reversed, that is to say that it goes from the hot slabs 8 to the plates 17 maintained at a much lower temperature.
Selon d'autres formes d'exécution les zones ou milieux de traitement du four, individuellement décrits dans le module indiqué en 12, peuvent être disposés à la file de manière qu'ils ne sont pas séparés, mais en communication libre et directe l'un avec l'autre. According to other embodiments, the furnace treatment zones or environments, individually described in the module indicated in 12, can be arranged in a line so that they are not separated, but in free and direct communication. one with the other.
Evidemment de nombreuses modifications de caractère pratique pourront être apportées aux détails de construction de l'invention sans que l'on sorte pour autant de son cadre de protection, tel qu'il est défini dans les revendications qui suivent. Obviously, numerous practical modifications can be made to the construction details of the invention without, however, departing from its protective framework, as defined in the claims which follow.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8717516A FR2609164B1 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1987-12-10 | OVEN FOR COOKING CERAMIC MATERIALS SUCH AS SLABS AND THE LIKE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8717516A FR2609164B1 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1987-12-10 | OVEN FOR COOKING CERAMIC MATERIALS SUCH AS SLABS AND THE LIKE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2609164A1 true FR2609164A1 (en) | 1988-07-01 |
| FR2609164B1 FR2609164B1 (en) | 1990-09-14 |
Family
ID=9357899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8717516A Expired - Fee Related FR2609164B1 (en) | 1987-12-10 | 1987-12-10 | OVEN FOR COOKING CERAMIC MATERIALS SUCH AS SLABS AND THE LIKE |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2609164B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2616897A1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-23 | Albonetti Alberto | RADIANT WALL, ESPECIALLY FOR EXCHANGERS, MILLING OVENS AND THE LIKE |
| EP0401172A1 (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1990-12-05 | Procedyne Corporation | A heating mantle with a porous radiation wall |
| FR2664032A1 (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-03 | Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg | ROLL OVEN. |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE74595C (en) * | W. HAIN—LYON in Altwasser i. Schi | Retort for continuous firing of porcelain and related materials as well as for firing colors in porcelain objects and the like | ||
| LU27985A1 (en) * | ||||
| FR2367262A1 (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1978-05-05 | Siti | HIGH THERMAL EFFICIENCY OVEN FOR COOKING CERAMIC MATERIALS |
| FR2590891A1 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-05 | Poppi Spa | PROCESS FOR RAPID COOKING OF CERAMIC MATERIALS SUCH AS TILES AND SIMILAR AND OVEN FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
-
1987
- 1987-12-10 FR FR8717516A patent/FR2609164B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE74595C (en) * | W. HAIN—LYON in Altwasser i. Schi | Retort for continuous firing of porcelain and related materials as well as for firing colors in porcelain objects and the like | ||
| LU27985A1 (en) * | ||||
| FR2367262A1 (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1978-05-05 | Siti | HIGH THERMAL EFFICIENCY OVEN FOR COOKING CERAMIC MATERIALS |
| FR2590891A1 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-05 | Poppi Spa | PROCESS FOR RAPID COOKING OF CERAMIC MATERIALS SUCH AS TILES AND SIMILAR AND OVEN FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2616897A1 (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-23 | Albonetti Alberto | RADIANT WALL, ESPECIALLY FOR EXCHANGERS, MILLING OVENS AND THE LIKE |
| EP0401172A1 (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1990-12-05 | Procedyne Corporation | A heating mantle with a porous radiation wall |
| FR2664032A1 (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-03 | Riedhammer Gmbh Co Kg | ROLL OVEN. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2609164B1 (en) | 1990-09-14 |
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