FR2577006A1

FR2577006A1 - Metal nozzle used in civil engineering works

Info

Publication number: FR2577006A1
Application number: FR8501740A
Authority: FR
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1985-02-05
Filing date: 1985-02-05
Publication date: 1986-08-08

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal nozzle used in civil engineering works. It consists of curved metal elements which are corrugated plates in which the longitudinal assembly joint edges are equipped with dishes which fit into one another by overlapping so as to limit the shear of the clamping bolts and which comprise, under the head, a square socket which fits into the special hole at the bottom of the dish so as to be immobilised. Slightly curved tubular reinforcements are fixed on the upper surface of certain plates of the work piece. The circumferential joints are equipped with oblong holes which allow free passage of the bolts, limiting stresses and eliminating the twisting of the nozzle. This nozzle, the subject of the invention, is intended for various uses: subways, main services ducts, concrete shuttering and more particularly for water pipelines.

Description

BUSE METALLIQUE
La présente invention a pour objet une buse métallique utilisable en génie civil, de différente forme, pour des usages divers, mais plus particulièrement pour canaliser l'eau.METAL NOZZLE
The present invention relates to a metal nozzle usable in civil engineering, of different shape, for various uses, but more particularly for channeling water.

Elle est caractérisée d'une part, par les joints d'assemblage qui présentent des cuvettes hémisphériques, ou d'une autre forme, qui s'emboftent l'une dans l'autre en se recouvrant et qui sont traversées par des boulons de serrage spéciaux immobilisés en rotation et d'autre part, par des barres tubulaires de renforts, orientables destinées à augmen- ter la résistance de certaines parties de la buse et formant éventuelle- ment une armature quadrillée; sur cette buse un certain procédé évite le vrillage. It is characterized on the one hand, by the joints of assembly which present hemispherical cuvettes, or of another form, which fit one inside the other by overlapping and which are crossed by tightening bolts special immobilized in rotation and on the other hand, by tubular reinforcing bars, orientable intended to increase the resistance of certain parts of the nozzle and possibly forming a grid reinforcement; on this nozzle a certain process avoids twisting.

A ce jour les buses métalliques couramment utilisées sous un remblai sont cpnstituées par des plaques de ttle ondulée, cintrées de façon à ce que les génératrices du cylindre soient perpendiculaires aux ondulations, elles sont percées de trous sur les bords pour le passage des boulons, pour leur assemblage on distingue les joints circonférentiels et les joints longitudinaux, sur ces derniers la perforation des trous se situe, selon les constructeurs, au creux et au sommet des ondulations ou sur l'axe neutre de celles-ci; dans les deux cas le serrage de chaque boulon assure en principe une pression optimum sur les surfaces en contact afin d'assurer l'efficacité de l'assemblage soumis dans le temps à l'action de forces diverses. To date, the metal nozzles commonly used under an embankment are formed by corrugated steel plates, bent so that the generatrices of the cylinder are perpendicular to the corrugations, they are pierced with holes on the edges for the passage of the bolts, their assembly is distinguished circumferential joints and longitudinal joints, on the latter the perforation of the holes is located, according to manufacturers, in the hollow and at the top of the corrugations or on the neutral axis thereof; in both cases the tightening of each bolt in principle ensures optimum pressure on the contacting surfaces in order to ensure the effectiveness of the assembly subjected over time to the action of various forces.

Il apparaît notamment pour les buses dont les trous se situent au creux et au sommet des ondulations que les efforts subis par le joint longitudinal ne peuvent titre calculés avec exactitude9 alors dans ce cas, pour améliorer la portée des piices en contact, pour mieux répartir la pression et diminuer le cisaillement sur chaque boulon, on doit augmenter le nombre de boulons au mètre linéaire; cette action augmente la résistance de l'assemblage mais aussi sa rigidité incompatible avec les autres sections de la buse qui est caractérisée par une certaine souplesses or, pratiquement lorsque s l'effet des diverses forces antagonistes émanantes de la tasse de remblai, cisaillement, compression, flexion, agissent simultanément dans certaines circonstances sur la paroi de l'ouvrage en service, il se produit des graves désordres dams le comportement d'un tel joint, qui pour l'homme de l'art demeure un pointsensible. It appears in particular for the nozzles whose holes are located in the hollow and at the top of the corrugations that the forces undergone by the longitudinal joint cannot title calculated with exactitude 9 then in this case, to improve the range of the parts in contact, to better distribute the pressure and decrease the shear on each bolt, we must increase the number of bolts per linear meter; this action increases the resistance of the assembly but also its rigidity incompatible with the other sections of the nozzle which is characterized by a certain gold flexibility, practically when s the effect of the various antagonistic forces emanating from the fill cup, shear, compression , bending, act simultaneously in certain circumstances on the wall of the structure in service, there are serious disorders dams the behavior of such a seal, which for those skilled in the art remains a sensitive point.

La déviation de l'axe vertical dans cette buse classique est fréquente, elle provoque le vrillage de l'ensemble et amène des difficultés dans l'aménagement correct des ouvrages de tete lorsque les extrémités de l'ouvrage sont en biseau, cette anomalie réside .dans le joint circonférentiel; l'expérience démontre que sur les bords cintrés de plaques identiques se recouvrant, la cofncidence des trous pour le passage des boulons est affectée par un décalage systématique proportionnel à l'épaisseur de l'élément, la concordance de ces trous est rétablie par un brochage intensif au marteau agissant sur le déplacement circulaire des plaques qui inflige à la buse une rotation sur place donc son déséquilibre. The deviation of the vertical axis in this conventional nozzle is frequent, it causes the twisting of the assembly and brings difficulties in the correct arrangement of the head structures when the ends of the structure are beveled, this anomaly resides. in the circumferential joint; experience shows that on the curved edges of identical overlapping plates, the coincidence of the holes for the passage of the bolts is affected by a systematic offset proportional to the thickness of the element, the concordance of these holes is restored by pinout intensive with the hammer acting on the circular movement of the plates which inflicts on the nozzle a rotation on the spot therefore its imbalance.

En utilisant la buse, objet de la présente invention, il est possible dtobvier B ces inconvénients car, de par la conception du joint d'assemblage des plaques et celle de ses accessoires de renfort, elle détient de nombreux avantages; en effet d'une part, ceci étant donné à titre d'exemple pour la compréhension de la conception d'une buse circulaire, le joint d'assemblage longitudinal est remarquable parses cuvettes hémisphériques obtenues lors de l'emboutissage des ondulations et de la perforation des trous; ces cuvettes se situent aux bords et sur chaque sommet des ondulations des deux faces de la plaque cintrée et s'emboîtent l'une dans l'autre en se recouvrant lors de l'assemblage. Le fond de chacune d'elles est pourvu, pour le passage du boulon, d'un trou oblong dont la plus grande dimension est parallèle à l'ondulation.Le boulon de serrage est en acier à haute résistance, il est à tSte cylindrique normale, immédiatement sous celle-ci se situe un carré concident avec la petite dimension du trou oblong dans lequel il s'encastre pour s'immobiliser au serrage e La surface voisine inférioee de la tête du boulon est convexe et s'applique au creux de la cuvette alors que l'une des faces de l'écrou à embase est concave et s'adapte à la forme convexe de la partie extérieure de cette cuvette; l'ensemble d'un tel système augmente 1'efìçacité du joint car, l'importante surface de contact inserrée des cuvettes procure une portée uitable pour une réparti. By using the nozzle, object of the present invention, it is possible to overcome these drawbacks because, by the design of the assembly joint of the plates and that of its reinforcing accessories, it has many advantages; on the one hand, this being given by way of example for understanding the design of a circular nozzle, the longitudinal joint assembly is remarkable for its hemispherical cups obtained during the stamping of the corrugations and of the perforation Holes; these bowls are located at the edges and on each vertex of the corrugations of the two faces of the curved plate and fit into one another, overlapping during assembly. The bottom of each of them is provided, for the passage of the bolt, with an oblong hole the largest dimension of which is parallel to the corrugation. The tightening bolt is made of high-strength steel, it is normal cylindrical head , immediately below it is a square concentric with the small dimension of the oblong hole in which it fits to stop when tightened e The next lower surface of the bolt head is convex and applies to the hollow of the bowl while one of the faces of the flange nut is concave and adapts to the convex shape of the outer part of this bowl; the whole of such a system increases the efficiency of the seal because, the large inserted contact surface of the cups provides a usable range for a distributed.

tion concrète de la pression de serrage ; l'effort de cisaillement qui s'exerçait sur les boulons et sur la zbnc périmétrale des trous, dégénère partiellement, en compression, répartie sur la surface oblique des cuvettes, les boulons travaillant maintenant à l'exten sion.Ces derniers, en nombre mineur, n'affectent plus la souplesse de l'assemblage qui, soumis à la flexion plane admet une certaine déformation de courbure.concrete tion of the clamping pressure; the shear force which was exerted on the bolts and on the perimeter zbnc of the holes, degenerates partially, in compression, distributed on the oblique surface of the bowls, the bolts now working in the extension. The latter, in minor number , no longer affect the flexibility of the assembly which, subjected to plane bending admits a certain deformation of curvature.

Selon une variante de l'invention, les cuvettes non perforées se situent sur l'axe neutre de l'ondulation, celle coïncidentes de deux plaques s'emboîtent, à l'assemblage, les unes dans les autres et demeurent appliquées sous la pression transmise par le serrage des boulons situés sur les sommets et les creux des ondulations. According to a variant of the invention, the non-perforated cuvettes are located on the neutral axis of the corrugation, that coincident of two plates interlock, during assembly, one inside the other and remain applied under the transmitted pressure. by tightening the bolts located on the tops and hollows of the corrugations.

Suivant une autre variante les cuvettes perforées, pour le passage du boulon d'assemblage sont embouties sur le flanc de l'ondulation, sur l'axe neutre de celle-ci,ou à proximité immédiate. According to another variant, the perforated cups for the passage of the assembly bolt are stamped on the side of the corrugation, on the neutral axis of the latter, or in the immediate vicinity.

Suivant une autre variante de l'invention le boulon est remplacé par un élément à serrage rapide, dit clavetage transversal,le le système est connu en mécanique, il est composé d'un axe inuni d'une tette, il comporte à l'autre extrémité une mortaise perpendiculaire dans laquelle s'emmanche à force une clavette, tel un coin, agissant sur une rondelle en forme, coulissant sur la tige pour exercer une pression sur la partie protubérante de la cuvettes
D'autre part, dans de nombreux cas, pour simplifier la construction des ouvrages de tête, fondation et perrés, l'extrémité de la buse est inclinée et correspond à la pente du talus, selon celle-ci les plaques sont couples sous l'angle favorable à l'obtention du biseau.Dans cette réalisation certaines surfaces se trouvent en porte-à-faux et s'infléchissent sous la poussée du matériau de talutage.On remédie à cet inconvénient en appliquant des renforts sur extrados des parties intéressées. According to another variant of the invention, the bolt is replaced by a quick-tightening element, called transverse keying, the system is known in mechanics, it is composed of an inuni axis of a tette, it comprises the other end with a perpendicular mortise in which a key is forced into place, like a wedge, acting on a shaped washer, sliding on the rod to exert pressure on the protruding part of the bowl
On the other hand, in many cases, to simplify the construction of the head, foundation and drilled works, the end of the nozzle is inclined and corresponds to the slope of the slope, according to this the plates are couples under the favorable angle for obtaining the bevel. In this embodiment certain surfaces are cantilevered and bend under the thrust of the talutage material. This drawback is remedied by applying reinforcements on the upper surfaces of the interested parties.

Concernant la présente invention, le renfort est une barre tubulaire légèrement cintrée, son rayon de cintrage est plus long que celui des plaques constituant la buse. L'une des extrémités du renfort est pourvue, pour sa fixation, d'un système connu à double articulation, dit à croisillon, lui procurant la translation et la rotation indispensables au déplacement de l'autre extrémité st-ivant un tracé curviligne afin de situer exactement les points de fixation pour obtenir un con, tact absolu de toute la longueur du renfort avec la paroi à renforcer et qui possède un rayon de cintrage différent, par rapport à l'axe de l'ouvrage la position du renfort est en diagonale; plusieurs renforts peuvent etre disposés parallèlement et réunis perpendiculairement par d'autres identiques pour obtenir une armature quadrillée épousant la forme de la buse; dans cette dernière réalisa- tion la jonction des barres est assurée par des colliers doubles en croix, cOnnus et utilisés couramment en charpente métallique. Concerning the present invention, the reinforcement is a slightly curved tubular bar, its bending radius is longer than that of the plates constituting the nozzle. One of the ends of the reinforcement is provided, for its fixing, with a known double-articulation system, called a cross-piece, providing it with the translation and the rotation essential for the movement of the other end st-iving a curvilinear line in order to exactly locate the fixing points to obtain a con, absolute tact of the entire length of the reinforcement with the wall to be reinforced and which has a different bending radius, relative to the axis of the structure the position of the reinforcement is diagonal ; several reinforcements can be arranged in parallel and joined perpendicularly by other identical ones to obtain a checkered reinforcement matching the shape of the nozzle; in this latter embodiment, the bars are joined by double cross collars, known and commonly used in metal framework.

Suivant une caractéristique supplémentaire de l'invention, lorsque la buse est utilisée comme un coffrage, les barres constituant l'armature quadrillée sont des tiges en acier dites fers à béton. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, when the nozzle is used as a formwork, the bars constituting the grid reinforcement are steel rods called concrete bars.

Selon l'invention, les bords cintrés qui constituent en se superposant le joint circonférenti el, sont percés de trous oblongs qui, malgré le décalage systématique de leur point central, procurent l'amplitude pour la pose aisée des boulons. Ces trous oblongs évitent implicitement le vrillage, par la suppression du brochage intensif dont les contraintes en découlant provoquaient successivement la rotation sur place des tronçons. According to the invention, the curved edges which constitute by overlapping the circumferential joint el, are pierced with oblong holes which, despite the systematic shift of their central point, provide the amplitude for the easy installation of the bolts. These oblong holes implicitly avoid twisting, by eliminating intensive broaching, the constraints of which successively caused the on-site rotation of the sections.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les boulons ou les éléments de clavetage sont aimantés afin que ces pièces adhèrent à la plaque, sans autre assistance, avant et durant la pose de l'écrou ou de la clavette lors de l'assemblage. According to another characteristic of the invention, the bolts or keying elements are magnetized so that these parts adhere to the plate, without further assistance, before and during the fitting of the nut or the key during assembly.

Claims

1) Metallic nozzle composed of multiple elements with sharp angles, which are curved plates of corrugated sheet, it is characterized on the one hand, by the fact that all the edges are pierced with oblong holes parallel to the corrugation for the passage of magnetic bolts, on the longitudinal joints the perforation is located on the bottom of hemispherical cuvettes printed on the corrugation tops of the two faces of the plate, the curved external surface of the cuvette being located in the hollow of a corrugation fits into the concave part of a coincident bowl of another plate at the time of assembly; on the other hand, special slightly curved reinforcement bars are fixed diagonally to the upper surface of certain plates.

2) Metal nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized by the bowls, of any shape, each of them has a protruding outer part which fits into the hollow part of another bowl for better pressure distribution tightening the bolt and to limit the shear force thereon.

3) Metal nozzle according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bowls are not perforated and that they are located on the neutral axis of the corrugation, those coincident of two plates fit together, S the assembly , one inside the other and remain applied under the pressure transmitted by the tightening of the bolts located on the scmmnets and the ends of the corrugations.

4) Metal nozzle, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the bowls are not perforated and that they are located on the top and the hollow of the corrugation of the plate, those coinciding with two plates s' fit i together some dates and remain applied under the pressure transmitted by tightening the bolts located on the neutral axis of the corrugations or close to it.

5) Metal nozzle according to claim 1, characterized by the assembly bolts which are provided under the head with a square which fits into the narrowness of the oblong hole to stop rotating.

6) Metal nozzle according to claim 57 characterized by the magnetic bolts which, when adhering to the nozzle, remain stationary before and during the fitting of 1 nut.

7) Metal nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the assembly element is quick-tightening and loosening, known to those skilled in the art under the name of transverse keying, it consists of an axis fitted with a head, on the opposite side there is a perpendicular mortise in which a wedge-shaped key is force-fitted, acting on a washer which slides on the rod to exert pressure on the protruding part of the bowl.

R) Metal nozzle according to claim 1, characterized by the fatt that the reinforcing bar is provided at one of its ends with a hinged fixing system, called a cross, ensuring the translation and rotation essential for the operation combined which allows the contact of the entire bar, positioned diagonally on the wall of the plate having a different radius of curvature.

9) Metal nozzle according to any one of claims 1 and 8 characterized by the fact that reinforcing bars fixed in parallel receive other identical bars fixed perpendicularly by double cross collars and known, in order to produce a grid frame.

10) Metal nozzle, according to claim 1, characterized by the Batt that the curved edges which constitute by overlapping the circumferential joint, are pierced with oblong holes which, despite the systematic shift of their central point, provide the amplitude for laying These oblong holes implicitly avoid twisting, by eliminating intensive broaching, the constraints of which resulted in successively rotating the sections on site.