FR2572507A1 - Improved automatic rifle with a drop barrel or otherwise - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic rifles. o is rifle comprises a barrel tube on which is positioned a magazine tube receiving a plurality of cartridges, an elevator means for loading the fired cartridges, the said rifle being characterised in that it comprises a shaped protective firing chamber 1 with dual superimposed chambers, the upper chamber receiving, with controlled guidance, a barrel tube assembly 3, a breech and obturator, capable of moving during firing with a recoil movement counter to a means for recovering the recoil energy, then, under the effect of relaxation of the said means, giving a controlled and limited advancement movement of the barrel tube/breech assembly counter to a means for recovering the energy of the barrel; the movement of the barrel tube/breech assembly giving the command to load automatically the cartridges, which are stored in the magazine tube, into the barrel tube using suitable means for taking them up and positioning them in the barrel tube; the said rifle being characterised in that it comprises a mechanism which releases the barrel tube/breech and moves them forwards to allow the rifle to be loaded.

Description

 The subject of the invention is an improved automatic rifle with or without tilting barrel.

 The invention relates to the technical sector of automatic rifles.

 We know automatic rifles of the type comprising a fixed position barrel tube under which is disposed a magazine tube receiving a plurality of cartridges, a lifting means for the successive loading of the cartridges fired.

 This rifle has in particular been described in French patent n 1,235,856 with other more or less complex characteristics for the usual weapons mechanisms.

 The aim sought after according to the invention was to simplify the production of the automatic rifle, to propose a shorter weapon, and to ensure greater security during loading.

 According to a first characteristic, the rifle is characterized in that it comprises a profiled protective carcass with double superimposed chambers, the upper chamber receiving, under controlled guidance, a barrel-bolt and shutter tube assembly, capable of moving during firing in a movement reversing against a recoil energy recovery means, then under the relaxing effect of said means ensuring a controlled and limited advance movement of the tube-barrel-breech assembly against 'a means of recovering energy from the cannon; the displacement of the tube-barrel-breech assembly ensuring the automatic loading control of the cartridges located in the magazine tube, in the barrel tube by appropriate means of handling and positioning in the barrel tube; said rifle being characterized in that it comprises a mechanism ensuring the release of the barrel-breech tube and their displacement towards the rear to authorize the loading of the rifle.

 These and other characteristics will become apparent from the following description.

To fix the subject of the invention illustrated in a nonlimiting manner in the figures of the drawings where:
Figure 1 is a front view of a non-tilting rifle in the closed position.

 Figure 2 is a view according to Figure 1, the barrel being in the open position.

 Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of the rifle with the barrel-breech-shutter mechanism in the rest position.

 Figure 4 is a partial sectional view according to Figure 3, the mechanism being in the retracted position during firing.

 Figure 5 is a partial sectional view illustrating the advanced position of the barrel tube.

 Figure 6 is a partial view of the shutter assembly with the lock on the cylinder head, in broken lines is represented the lock in the low position after separation of the body of the shutter and the head of the shutter.

 Figure 7 is a sectional view along line 7-7 of Figure 6.

 Figure 8 is a sectional view along line 8-8 of Figure 7.

 Figures 9 to 12 are partial sectional views illustrating the different phases of automatic loading of the weapon depending on the position of the barrel.

 Figure 13 is a partial sectional view illustrating the movement of the barrel for loading cartridges; in dotted lines being illustrated the assembly after release.

 In order to make the object of the invention more concrete, it is now described in a nonlimiting manner illustrated in the figures of the drawings.

 In the following description, reference is made to a non-exclusive implementation of a non-tilting shotgun.

 The rifle according to the invention comprises a profiled outer casing (1) at the rear part of which the stock (2) is conventionally fixed. This carcass (1) is fitted internally with two superimposed chambers, the first upper for receiving at controlled sliding the barrel tube (3) - breech (4) assembly on the one hand and the shutter on the other hand, as will be described in more detail in the following description. The lower chamber is arranged to receive the arming and loading mechanisms of the rifle.

 The breech (4) is made integral with the rear end of the barrel tube by screwing for example, and has a lateral extension on one side facing one of the interior flanks. of the carcass. These are arranged with guide grooves in which are engaged the complementary bearing surfaces produced on the tube-barrel-breech assembly and of the shutter by their controlled sliding.

2
The cylinder head (4) has on its upper face (4) an open
3 ture (43) into which penetrates a lock (5) hinged mounted on the shutter and in its lower rear part a finger (44) capable of cooperating with a lever for loading cartridges.

As it appears in the figures of the drawings, the shutter is produced in two parts and comprises a first longitudinal body (6) sliding in the carcass and inside which is provided a bore (61) for slidingly receiving the head shutter (17)
The latter has a square shape with an avat7t * part in the form of a yoke to receive the articulated lock (5) capable
3 to engage in the corresponding opening (4) of the cylinder head, and a cylindrical rear part (72) engaged in the aforementioned bore (61) of the obturator body. On the front part (71) forming a yoke the head of the shutter is provided with a transverse opening (73) facilitating the tilting of said lock and on the other hand allowing the passage of the dog (8) of the dt'a; rement and firing mechanism, said dog coming into contact with the striker (9) disposed on the front face of the shutter head. In a variant not shown, the lock can be in an equivalent form, for example a pin subjected to a back and forth movement from bottom to top, the latter being arranged in the body of the shutter. The positioning of the dog can also vary without changing the main characteristics of the invention.

 It should be noted that the cylindrical part (72) of the head of the shutter bears against a spring (10) for recuperation of recoil energy introduced from the rear into the bore of the body of the shutter, said spring abutting and abutting against the bottom face of the carcass. As will be explained below, said spring will be compressed in certain operating phases of the rifle.

I1 is also provided another spring (11) disposed in a housing established at the rear face of the body of the shutter and coming
bottom resting on the face / dela carcass. The shutter body and the shutter head can move away from each other during a certain operating phase, causing the unlocking of the tube-barrel-breech and shutter assembly. For this purpose, the lock (5) is mounted articulated on a spacer pin (12) disposed in the yoke portion of the body of the shutter. A transverse finger (13) is
3 provided on said lock and engages in a light (6) formed in the upper front part of the shutter body. This oblique light ensures the controlled and limited guidance of said finger and causes the escaping lock to tilt downwards. of the breech opening and releasing the barrel-breech tube assembly.

 According to another arrangement at the rear part of the shutter body is provided a lower projection (14) capable of cooperating as will be exposed later with a complementary shape of the cartridge loading lever.

 Also a retractable finger (15) subjected to the action of a spring (16) is provided on the head of the shutter having the function of maintaining the latch in the low position, that is to say of release relative to the breech.

 This mechanism has been described, but other equivalent means can be used to fulfill this function.

As indicated above, the magazine tube is fixedly positioned under the barrel tube. This magazine tube comprises at its front part an end plug (17) and internally a spring (18) bearing against the internal face of said plug and a plurality of cartridges (19) capable of being pulled, and compressing said spring , according to a conventional arrangement. Near the rear mouth of the magazine tube is provided a pivoting stop means (20) capable in a position of holding the cartridges in said magazine, or being able to be temporarily erased under the action of the finger (23) dis
placed on the barrel tube when moving it and allow
thus the exhaust of one of the cartridges stored in the magazine tube, on a loading arm (22).

According to another arrangement of the invention, in the middle part of the barrel is provided the adaptation of a tab with a collar
(23) inside which the magazine tube slides freely. In addition, a sheath (24) surrounds said magazine tube and can move on the latter freely but in a controlled and limited manner. In particular, this sleeve has an overhanging surface (241) in which an opening is made for the passage and the guiding of a support hook (25) which will be described in more detail below.

A connecting bar (26) has a squared front part
(26) capable of being hooked behind the connection collar, and a rear portion forming a bearing (262) with an opening
(26) for the passage of the cylindrical part (251) of the aforementioned support hook (25).

Said cylindrical part (251) is threaded and is of great length in a plane parallel to the barrel tube substantially beyond the collar (23 3. On this cylindrical part is provided the introduction of a recovery spring (27) of the barrel, said compressed spring coming on the one hand to bear against the bearing surface (26) of the connecting bar and on the other hand against a nut (28) ensuring the tension adjustment on the rod (25). (25) extends inside the carcass and is in the form of a dry
flattened by being guided along one of the sides of said carcass.

 As illustrated in FIG. 13, this hook is arranged to cooperate with a means acting during the loading of the magazine tube and the barrel tube.

 I1 is provided on the rear part of the carcass a means capable of authorizing the forward movement of the barrel tube.

This means is in the form of a button (29) disposed behind the trigger (30), capable of being raised towards the top of the carcass. This button is associated with a link (31) articulated in the middle on an axis mounted in the carcass in an appropriate manner, said link forming a notch in its front part to cooperate and hold the support rod (25) in the rear position. In addition, the link has on its front part a lug (32) overflowing against which abuts the profiled lower part in the shape of a dog's beak (33). The latter is articulated on an axis (34) suitably mounted in the carcass. It is thus understood that by raising the button (29), the connecting rod (31) is tilted and therefore the support rod (25) is released; the dog is also tilted backwards to arm it. The dog can be located further forward or backward relative to the button, the main thing being the interaction of the dog and the button when lifting the dog. this last.

 When the user wishes to load the rifle, he actuates the button as indicated, then he pushes forward the sheath (24) secured to the wooden part of the bottom of the rifle. The assembly abuts against the collar (23) and causes the barrel tube to move forward. We are then in the dotted position in Figure 13 and the user can load the barrel tube and the magazine tube. In the maximum displacement position, the sheath creates no tension on the recovery spring of the barrel. Going back is done in reverse; the button (29) automatically returns to the arming position.

 The assembly of the trigger of the trigger to cooperate with the dog fall under the conventional provisions.

 I1 should show the implementation of the cartridge loading mechanism, with reference to Figures 9 to 12. I1 comprises a loading lever (35) articulated in its rear part on an axis (35) with a part external forming spout (352) capable of cooperating with the body of the shutter and keeping it in position according to the position of the lever. The front part of it is established in the form of a receptacle (353) disposed opposite the outlet of the magazine tube. Said loading lever is pivoted under the action of a profiled square (36) capable of authorizing its lifting in order to place the cartridge opposite the barrel tube and authorizing 14 introduction of the cartridge by the movement of the shutter. Said bracket (35) is articulated on an axis (37) and its pivoting is controlled in turn by a finger (44) established in the lower part of the breech, according to the position of the barrel barrel tube assembly in the carcass. In FIG. 9, the bracket is in the non-tilted position and the loading lever is opposite the 4 sin maga tube. The finger (4) of the breech is located in the rear position of the carcass, while the finger (21) disposed on the barrel tube is located in front of the retainer (20) of the sockets of the magazine tube. In FIG. 10, the barrel-breech tube retreated without causing any action on the bracket (36), on the other hand the finger (21) cleared the retainer (20) and a cartridge took place on the lever In the following position, figure 11 corresponding to the advancement of the barrel barrel tube, the finger (44) of the breech rested on the upper end of the bracket, caused it to tilt down without modifying the position of the loading lever and exceeds it on the other side. At the same time during the return to the front of the barrel tube, the finger (21) acts in the opposite direction on the retainer (20) which returns to its initial position opposite the magazine tube again blocking the cartridges. following the displacement of the barrel barrel tube forwards, the drawn bushing is ejected outwards according to the known technique which comprises an extractor on the shutter head and an ejection stop (45) arranged on the breech . Simultaneously as a result of the advance of the amen tube, the recovery spring (27) is compressed.

In the following phase, FIG. 12 which corresponds to the retraction of the cylinder head barrel tube assembly, as a result of the relaxation effect of said
4 spring (27), the finger (4) of the cylinder head comes back into contact with the upper part of the bracket, causes it to tilt this time in the other direction, this against a return spring (37 ).

The lower part of said bracket located under the loading lever makes contact with the latter and lifts it upwards so as to present the new cartridge opposite the barrel tube, said cartridge being introduced into said barrel tube when it returns to back.

 I1 should explain the operation of the rifle during the shooting operation.

 In the rest position, corresponding to FIG. 3, the tube-barrel-breech assembly is engaged inside the carcass in a position such that there is locking of the breech with the deburrer, while the recoil energy recovery spring (10) and the shutter spring (ll) are in the released position.

In this position the weapon is undeveloped and its length is close to its minimum length.

 When the shot hits, the barrel-breech tube assembly moves back by pressing the shutter as a whole and compressing the recoil energy spring (10) and the shutter spring (11). The rifle is then in its minimum overall length. The shutter body will then be hooked and held in position by the rear spout of the loading lever.

The recoil energy spring (10) after maximum compression will then relax and cause the shutter head to move forward which will push the tube-barrel-breech assembly. A stop (not illustrated) placed internally in the carcass will limit the movement of the body of the shutter which will thus return to its initial position. The unlocking between the body of the shutter and the cylinder head operates as described previously by the tilting of the lock thanks to the means provided on the head and body of the shutter /
The barrel tube and cylinder head assembly no longer being integral with the shutter head will continue its forward travel until the collar (23) integral with the barrel tube and surrounding the magazine tube, abuts against the end plug (17) thereof by compressing the recovery spring from the barrel (27), causing the drawn socket to eject as previously indicated. The rifle is in this case in its maximum overall length.

During the expansion effect of the recovery spring, the barrel barrel tube assembly returns back which by its stop (44) causes the loading lever to tilt for the introduction of a new cartridge. The tilting of said lever frees the body of the shutter due to the separation of the end nozzle
tee with said body, and under the relaxation effect of the spring (11); the shutter body returns to its original position.

eu
I1 should be observed * 3ans an intermediate phase, the lock is held in the retracted position by the finger (15) disposed on the head of the shutter, and it is only when the barrel barrel tube takes its position final rest that said finger is retracted by the cylinder head itself, then releasing the lock which enters the locking opening of the cylinder head. The lock in the low position prevents the dog from hitting the striker, this is additional security.

 The automatic rifle has many advantages, by its simplicity of construction with a minimum of mechanical parts.

The weapon is shorter, lighter. It is more reassuring since in normal position the barrel is returned in the carcass, and there is no possibility of false maneuver. When loading the rifle the cocking mechanism is disengaged and the operator benefits from a absolute security in all convenience. The appearance of the rifle is also new because it has no ejection window.

 The smooth operation of the rifle is also underlined because the movement of the barrel back and forth is limited and controlled by the two springs (10 and 27). The recoil of the barrel is less because the efforts are stored by the springs.

 As a variant, the main arrangements of the invention, and in particular the shutter barrel barrel assembly, can be arranged on a tilting barrel rifle. According to this embodiment, the carcass is secured to the lever by two pins, the barrel is guided on one part of the carcass and the shutter on another to take account of the specificity of the tilting barrel.

 The invention is in no way limited to that of its modes of application any more than to those of the embodiments of its various parts having been more particularly indicated, on the contrary it embraces all variants.

Claims (4)

-1- Improved automatic rifle of the type comprising a barrel tube under which is positioned a magazine tube receiving a plurality of cartridges, an elevating means for loading the cartridges fired, said rifle being characterized in that it comprises a profiled protective carcass (1) has double superimposed chambers, the upper chamber receiving, under controlled guidance, a barrel tube assembly (3) breech (4) and obturator, capable of moving during firing in a recoil movement against a collection means - reversing energy consumption (10), then under the relaxation effect of said means (10) ensuring a controlled and limited advance movement of the barrel barrel tube assembly against a recovery means d energy of the cannon (27); the displacement of the barrel barrel tube assembly ensuring the automatic loading control of the cartridges located in the magazine tube in the barrel tube by appropriate means of handling and positioning in the barrel tube; said rifle being characterized in that it comprises a mechanism ensuring the release of the breech barrel tube and their displacement towards the front to authorize the loading of the rifle. -2- automatic rifle according to claim 1 characterized in that the breech (4) is integral with the barrel and has a lateral extension (41) on one side opposite one of the sides of the carcass, on its face upper (42) an opening (43) for engaging a lock (5) hinged mounted on the shutter, and in its lower part a finger (44) capable of cooperating with the cartridge loading lever, said cylinder head having an ejection stop for the drawn bushings.  (5) cooperating with the cylinder head; said body and said shutter head comprising complementary means authorizing the tilting of the lock to release the barrel barrel tube assembly, and means for temporarily retaining said lock in position until complete engagement in the carcass of the tube assembly- barrel-breech -4- Automatic rifle according to claim 3 characterized in that the shutter body is arranged internally to receive a recoil energy recovery spring (10) against which 2 comes to bear the cylindrical surface (7 ) the head of the obturator, said spring bearing against the bottom face of the cylinder head; said body receiving a second spring (11) also pressing against said bottom face of the cylinder head capable of causing, by its relaxation, the limited movement of the shutter body after release of the latter by the cartridge loading lever. -3- Automatic rifle according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the shutter comprises two parts, a first longitudinal body (6) sliding in the carcass, and arranged internally to allow the movement of the head (7) of the shutter; said head being arranged to receive the lock with articulation  (26) with support collar (25) and a link bar / (23) of the barrel tube; a spring (27) for recovering the barrel being mounted on the cylindrical part (251) of the support hook (25) and bearing against a bearing surface of the link bar (26) and a nut (28) for adjusting the tension; the advancement of the barrel barrel tube assembly causing the compression of the spring (27) and being limited by the stop of the collar (23) on the end plug (17) of the magazine tube. -5- Automatic rifle according to claim 1 characterized in that on the middle part of the barrel is provided the adaptation of a lug with collar (23) inside which slides the magazine tube a sheath (24) surrounding said tube store and being able to move thereon, said sheath being arranged to receive a hook -6- Automatic rifle according to claim 5 characterized in that the support hook (25) extends inside the carcass (1) of the rifle, being guided along one of the sides thereof, and being arranged to cooperate with a means acting for the loading of the magazine tube and the barrel tube, and authorizing the displacement of the barrel-breech tube. -7- Automatic rifle according to claim 6 characterized in that this means allowing the loading of the magazine tube and the barrel tube is defined by a button (29) capable of being raised upwards, said button being associated with a link ( 31) articulated, forming a catch in its front part to cooperate and maintain in the rear position said support hook (25); said link having a means cooperating with the dog (33) for its arming. -8- Automatic rifle according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 together characterized in that the cartridge loading mechanism comprises a loading lever (35) articulated in its rear part with an end part forming a beak (352) capable of cooperate with the shutter body and maintain it in the rear spring compression position (11); the front part of the said lever  3 mant receptacle (353) disposed opposite the magazine tube; said loading lever being pivoted under the action of a profiled bracket 36 articulated in itself, said bracket being controlled by  4 position by a finger (4) established on the cylinder head; a pivoting stop means being disposed at the inlet of the magazine tube and controlled by means arranged on the barrel tube.