FR2565818A1 - Stretcher allowing rescues of long duration to be carried out in subterranean or overhead sites - Google Patents

Abstract

Stretcher allowing rescues to be carried out in subterranean or overhead sites or in places which present difficulties to movement, which are narrow or winding, etc. Its central 4 and lateral 5 articulations give appreciable handling flexibility. This stretcher comprises two metal elements 1-2 which can be joined or detached at will at the articulations. A locking mechanism 11 allows the assembly to be made into a single element. The assembly is drilled with slots 19-21 which allow the passage of straps for securing the casualty and to hold a combination made of strong sheet steel which is lined and which envelops the casualty. Judicious distribution of the belts allows pressure to be distributed in a uniform manner over the whole of the body. A conventional motor cycle helmet 27 and a foot rest complete this invention. The casualty may be held in place in a vertical position without discomfort.

Description

 The present invention relates to a stretcher of the type "Rescue in underground and aerial sites" used in places presenting difficulties of passage: narrow, sinuosities or vertical ascents or descents of long duration etc ... allowing to transport a wounded in acceptable conditions .

 This stretcher shown in Figures 6 (bottom view) 7 (top view) and 14 in (chair position) consists of two elements: an upper element, bust part (1) a lower element, lower limbs part (2) .

 The particularity of these two elements is to be articulated in the center (3) by a cardan system (4) which is mounted on two rods in Figure 4 (33).

These two rods are held in place using pins (34). The rods are fixed in two boxes figures 1-2 and 3. The boxes are themselves fixed on the sheet under the stretcher using 4 screws (35). In the center of the boxes, a central screw, Figure 2 (25) allows the two elements (1-2) to be joined or separated.

 The articulation is completed by a lateral play, figures 7-10 and 13 which is limited-thanks to a cable system (figures 8-9-10). This system is held in place in the tube forming the stretcher elements (8) by a screw thread nut system (9) in Figure 9 on one side and a stop cone (10) on the other side. To separate the two elements, simply unscrew the nut (9). The two elements disarticulate, dissociate or join by closing or opening the two light sleeves placed on either side of the side members of the side members (11) Figures 11-13-14.

 This stretcher is made of tubes and sheets of light, resistant and stainless alloy. The side tubes (11) of a 28 mm keep in place a sheet (13) 1.5 mm thick pierced with longitudinal lights (14) allowing the passage of the belts, the sliding of the helmet carrying system (15 ) Figure 6, and the footrest (16) Figure 12. Two 20 mm tubes constitute two parallel rails (17) shown in Figure 10 and 13 allowing the stretcher to move in a sled system. These rails are placed 5 cm from the ground. Under the stretcher, 3 sheet metal covers (18) protect the belts against friction on the ground or on the walls.

 The lights made in the sheets in Figure 14, allow the passage on the one hand: of seven belts (19) ensuring the fixing of the combination cloth (20) on the stretcher Figure 5; on the other hand eight belts (21) ensuring the maintenance of the injured person on the stretcher when placed in the suit.

 Two straps (22) passing over the shoulders and coming to buckle at the bust on the suit make it possible to prevent the casualty from sliding down the stretcher in a vertical rescue.

 The judicious distribution of the belts ensures uniform pressure on the whole body at the places where the belts pass. This pressure, which must be as low as possible to avoid unbearable compression for the injured person. In this system, compression is perfectly tolerated by the victim.

 The design of this stretcher has been studied to be of the smallest overall dimensions, with a total length of 1.89m element (1) measures 1.05 m X 0.34 m; element (2 :) measures 0.84 m. The width is only 0.34 m over a distance of 0.22 m (23), then the two tubes tighten longitudinally to reach a foot width of 0.20 m (24).

The realization of this stretcher allows several variants 1) Variant full use - the two elements are secured in
central part by blocking the two lateral sleeves (11), and the
screwing the cardan shaft (25) figure 1- 2 and 13
This system represents the classic use for crossing passages
straight, vertical or horizontal.

2) Variant of use with separation of the two elements figure 13
in the central part (4) and by unlocking the two lateral sleeves (11)
This system allows the crossing of difficult passages, thanks to the game
lateral (5) and vertical figure 14 allowed by the gimbal (4).

3) Variant of use with use of element (1) alone. The column
vertebral remains maintained and protected. The lower limbs are free.

 They are simply held in the leggings of the canvas suit.

This system allows crossing narrow, winding passages with
very pronounced angles.

In the upper part of the element (1) lights in the sheet allow
fixing and sliding the helmet support (15).

 In the lower part of the element (2) the same system makes it possible to receive the footrest (16).

Four carrying handles (26) in flat tubes per pair at each end
mite elements complete the construction of this stretcher.

The equipment of this stretcher is completed by
- a combination of strong double-walled canvas (20),
- a classic protective helmet (27), figure 14,
- a footrest (16) in figure 12.

 The combination includes a bustier (28) and two leggings (29). The vacuum of the double wall is padded providing thermal and mechanical protection.

Longitudinal channels (30) are provided in the leggings allowing whales to be produced which, by solidifying the canvas, fulfill the role of splint to immobilize a limb fracture if necessary.

 The suit opens over its entire length in the longitudinal direction, making it easy to drop an injured person.

 - The closure is carried out using adhesive tapes sewn on the canvas and the straps. The complement of keeping the injured person in place is provided by the installation of buckle belts (31).

 - The classic motorcycle protective helmet, wears a mobile protective visor. It is fixed on a support (15). This support is adjustable on slides.

 - The light alloy footrest (16) allows a valid injured person to ensure the support of his legs in vertical ascent.

 In its embodiment, this stretcher system has a very great flexibility of maneuver, it makes it possible to solve all the problems of crossing difficult passages, thanks to the central and lateral articulation in FIG. 13.

 The shape of the suit and the judicious distribution of the belts provide significant comfort to the victim by standardizing the pressure (due to mooring) on the whole body. Indeed, in the position of a vertical ascent, which can last several hours, if the distribution of the mooring straps is poorly studied, and tests show it, intense pain (due to the weight of the body), is felt entirely. at the crotch, the pain becomes intolerable, blood circulation becomes difficult and the injured person's condition worsens.

 This developed system dramatically limits this crushing effect by uniformly absorbing the pressures exerted.

 The total weight of the assembly of this invention is 20 kg. This stretcher can be used by all fire brigades and all specialized training in rescues in underground and aerial sites.

Claims (10)

 1) Stretcher made up of two elements, characterized in that it has a central articulation (3) making it possible to disarticulate, secure or dissociate the two elements at will according to the difficulties of crossing obstacles.  2) stretcher according to claim l, characterized in that it comprises a first element, bust part (l) and a second, lower limbs part (2) joining in the center (3) by a central gimbal system (4) allowing all movements, and a lateral cable system (5) limiting lateral play, the central cardan system consisting of two rods (33) held in the cardan joint by pins (34), the cardan rods being fixed in two boxes (32) placed under the stretcher elements etxij; sées on the sheet by means of 4 screws (35).  3) Stretcher according to claims l and 2 characterized in that it has a central screw (25) placed in the center of each housing as a means for separating or securing the two elements in the central part (3-4-33).  4) stretcher according to claim 2 characterized in that the lateral cable system (6-7-9-10) comprises: a 6 mm cable of 6 maintentx placed in the tubes (8) by fitting at one end d '' a screwless nut (9) which makes it possible to complete the separation of the elements according to claim 3 and at the other end a stop cone (10), this system making it possible to provide lateral play, to the left or to the right 12 cm, being completed by a coil spring serving as a braking system.  5) stretcher according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this locking of the elements is achieved by the installation of two light sleeves (ll) placed on the side tubes (8).  6) stretcher according to claims 2-4 and 5 characterized in that the lateral device and gimbal are arranged to allow the folding of the stretcher in the chair position.  7) A method of integral separation of the two elements of the device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in acting on the light sleeves (ll) to unscrew the lateral nut (9) and to unbolt the central housing bolt (25).  8) stretcher according to any one of claims l to 6, characterized by the combination of double-walled fabric (20) possibly incorporating a quilted fabric and having in its longitudinal direction channels (30) possibly receiving whales which provide a certain rigidity to the canvas, and form splints to immobilize a fractured member.  9) stretcher according to claim 8, characterized in that the combination has an opening system operating in the direction, bust (28) and legs (29) and closure, the latter being carried out initially by means adhesive tapes sewn onto the canvas (36).  10) Stretcher according to claims 8 and 9 characterized in that it comprises according to a distribution very studied to avoid excessive compression at a particular place on the body. The belts (19) being terminated by adhesive tapes complete the closure of the suit and the belts (21) with buckle holding the suit in place and completing the distribution of uniform tightening.  ll) Application of the stretcher according to any one of claims 1 and 6 and 8 and 10, for very long-term rescues in underground sites, overhead or across routes with narrow crossings of particularly difficult and complicated sinuosities.