FR2559183A1 - Set of devices for assembling and locking prefabricated elements on a load-bearing structure. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is based on, for its main application, the system and elements of industrialised construction described in the French Patent No. 77 00546 and describes a combination of improvements and new devices relating to, in particular: special corner sections 15, movable squareness elements intended for the construction of openings (doors and windows), various types of spring-clips 8, 13, 14... for assembling cladding and partitions without drilling, several specific conformations of the ends to be connected together for the cladding and/or covering, as well as, in particular, elements enabling the clips to be fixed on all types of supports excluding metal ones and capable of acting as a structure for additional elements, such as signs for example.

Description

 The present invention relates to a combination of means or devices which, thanks to their coordination, make it possible to complete an object, and in particular to carry out a construction by assembling and immobilizing prefabricated elements on a basic structure, without carrying out drilling of the structure and said elements, and this in significantly shortened times in comparison with already known industrial or traditional techniques. It particularly relates to a set of devices intended for the assembly and maintenance of elements necessary for the industrialized construction of buildings. , but it is not limited to this application, all or part of the devices in question may be used in fields other than fixed construction and on supports or basic structures of various kinds.

 Referring, by way of illustration, to the sole field of construction, it may be recalled that industrial constructions have been carried out for many years for multiple uses such as: workshops, offices, schools, service stations, etc. , and a large number of techniques have been recommended for these achievements. Often, the walls of these prefabricated buildings are made up by external cladding in metal panels, flat or profiled, which are fixed to the heddles of the reinforcements or load-bearing frameworks, and by an internal lining of the lining wall type consisting for example of composite or agglomerated materials. The walls generally include a bottom rail near the lower slab, an upper rail near the roof and intermediate rails which frame the openings: windows, doors and others. The interval between the two coatings and generally filled with insulating materials.

 To fix the various elements together, in particular the metal cladding and the interior panels, screw or bolt tightening systems are frequently used which, in addition to installation difficulties, are subject to variations or deterioration over time and hectic movements. In order to obviate these drawbacks, the Applicant has proposed assembly and fastening devices for panels, which are staggered by elastic elements of the metal plate type forming clips which allow mounting, in extremely fast time and by non-staff. specialized, of prefabricated buildings whose cost of realization and maintenance is very economic (French patents n "1.504.714 of October 25, 1966 and nO 71. or 483 of January 8, 1971). Such a system, called B.RTICLIPS (mark removed), allows mounting without screws or nails or the like and meets the finish and solidity requirements of traditional buildings.

 In order to further improve the aforementioned system and to be able to implement fixing elements for easier installation and the cost even more reduced, the Applicant then developed a set of devices which, thanks to their coordination, allow the complete erection of a construction from prefabricated structures such as: a metal frame comprising: vertical posts, I-beams with two healds, purlins and support trusses for roofs and roofs as well as bracing; exterior panels or siding; interior cover panels such as partitions; ceilings and covers. This, without the use of screwing, drilling ... etc, and under very economical conditions, in considerably shorter time periods, compared to the techniques already known (French patent n "77.00546 of January 11, 1977) .

 The invention relates to a set of notable improvements to this basic technique allowing both industrialization and ease of assembly even more advanced thanks, in particular, to innovations relating to cladding structures, to the assembly of corner elements. , to the installation of uprights and frames for frames for openings and other technical improvements.

In accordance with the most general definition of the invention, the assembly of devices for assembling and immobilizing prefabricated elements combines with already known assembly elements such as (exterior) cladding, partitions, panels, staples or clipressorts, a combination of new means, essentially
a) a profile of angle, of variable length and travel, making it possible to perfectly close the cladding at the angles, whatever the dimensions of the external panels;
b) a movable squaring piece for the connection of the uprights of frames or window frames, for making any openings;
c) a spring clip intended for the connection of cladding without joint cover, in particular for vertical cladding and roofing, said clip being associated with a cladding and / or roofing structure whose ends to be joined have substantially the shape of a V reversed.

 In the technique already known, the corner profile is generally constituted by a fixed folded profile, of non-adjustable section and length. There are thus difficulties in mounting at the angles to close the cladding, because the exterior panels, of generally predetermined dimensions, do not always fall to the dimension of the fixed profile. Thanks to the invention, one can carry out masonry retrofits without being bothered by the different dimensions of the panels whose regularity is not always constant.

 The angle profile according to the invention essentially comprises the combination: a) of a first unitary elbow element with two branches, providing coverage of the angle and each of the branches of which comprises at least one fold; and b) two other separate elements capable of snapping into said folds and of sliding flat along said branches. Several alternative embodiments are possible, the main ones being described further in the text, during the detailed explanation of the appended figures.

 The mobile squaring piece makes it possible to solve the problem of setting up the frame of frames by avoiding all the classic diffi culties due in particular to the bulk, to the difficulties of handling and to the large volume of frame frames ready for mounting. It also avoids the use of welds and drilling and / or bolting practices.

 This part according to the invention consists of a hollow bent element, one wing of which has a wide section, suitable for the vertical post or the horizontal beam of the construction, while the other wing, of narrow section, serves as a housing at one end of the opening frame profile, the two wings being folded at 90 degrees in support tabs on their bearing face. Advantageously, a tongue is inserted which can be inserted in the openings at the level of the wide section to facilitate the positioning and the maintenance of the post or the stringer.

In practice, as will be explained later, this squaring piece can be quickly put into the desired form of mounting, the wings being at 90 degrees or at a different angle, from a
suitable flat element in material / where the deformation and folding lines are preformed.

 We have already described, in particular in the aforementioned French patent, several types of clip-springs intended in particular for fixing interior panels to each other t on the support structure as well as for the connection between the rails of horizontal frames separated by a vertical post . However, these clips and their safety retaining plate must be provided with joint covers of the same type as the cladding or coverings.

 In accordance with the invention, and thanks to the development of cladding profiles whose ends to be joined have an appropriate conformation, in the form of an inverted V, of which two wings are practically contiguous, it is now possible to envisage new clips which do not require the subsequent use of joint covers for both vertical cladding and protective covers or envelopes.

 The invention also relates to other improvements to the aforementioned basic technique for the assembly and immobilization of structural elements and which relate in particular to: clip fixing means, known per se, on another element than metallic, a system making it possible to immobilize an element added to the structure - such as for example a sign - with adaptation of the fixing or connecting clip in the presence or not of joint covers, or even other types of improved clips .

The invention will be better understood from the detailed description of nonlimiting embodiments illustrated by the drawings of the appended plates referring here to the application: industrialized construction of premises and buildings / and which represent diagrammatically
- Figures 1 and 2: partial perspective views of
the construction of an industrial construction implementing
les.pnncipales innovations according to the invention;
- Figures 3 and 4: detailed views, from various angles, of
improved clips for fixing siding and roofing,
respectively without and with the need for joint covers of
finishing;
- Figures 5 and 6: two modes of execution, particularly
advantageous, of a corner profile according to the invention;
- Figures 7 a to 7 c: illustrations, according to several plans
a squaring piece for the installation of chassis
opening (door or window) 3 according to the invention
- Figure 8: several types of cladding configuration and
roofs, part of the above-mentioned improvements
- Figure 9: a system for fixing one of the clips above
aimed on a support other than metallic (for example wood,
concrete or other material); and
- Figure 10: by way of illustration, a sign holder (or
other element added) suitable for any of the covers
seals used in the technique of the invention.

If we refer first of all to general figures 1 and 2, we can see very particularly, in this example of industrialized construction: a framework, for example metallic, with posts 1 made of light alloy profiles; horizontal reinforcements 2, for example in the form of an I with two flat heddles 3; internal partitions 4, for example of composite materials; vertical cladding 5 and covering 6; coverage failures 7; means for connecting cladding or cover by spring clip 8 of known type with safety plate 9, the cutouts 10 of which are embedded in the tabs 11 forming clips of the clip; another clip 12, of known principle, ensuring in particular the connection between neighboring healds; yet another connecting means, forming a spring clip 13, for interior panels (partitions, ceiling and the like); a water jet type element 14, intended to collect liquid flows outside the building;
It will be particularly noted, in these general figures, the highlighting of several specific elements according to the invention, illustrated in detail in other appended figures, including in particular the angle section 15 and the squaring systems 16 which allow the easy installation and adjustment of the posts 17 and profiles 18 intended for the frames of the openings.

 The angle profile 15 is illustrated in more detail by the modes of representation of FIGS. 5 and 6. In accordance with the example of FIG. 6, the profile comprises: an angular element 19 whose lateral ends 20 are folded over them- same over a fairly great length, for example twenty centimeters, so as to constitute a loop 21 with two other identical sections 22 folded into two parallel wings 23 and terminated by a sort of hook 24 which serves, by means of a clip latch, when the construction cladding panel is hooked. According to the alternative embodiment of FIG. 5, the angular element 19 ′ has small upper and lower wings 25 curved on the edges of its two branches, in which come to engage by sliding the folds of two secondary elements 26, 27 whose ends 28, 29 are bent for their attachment, by locking clip or the like, to the cladding panel adjoining the corner of the construction.

 Figures 7 illustrate a squaring piece 16 according to the invention which, advantageously made of metal, is shown in Figure 7b in unfolded flat form with its preformed fold lines. This unitary part includes a first U-shaped branch 30 with free edges provided with folds 31 facing each other and a second branch 32, the two edges of which adjoin those of the first branch are also folded at 33 at a right angle. A locking zipper 34 engaging the openings 35 is generally provided at the branch 32 to facilitate the positioning and maintenance of the squaring piece on the posts or rails of the building openings. In practice, the distances a and b are substantially equal and correspond to the section adopted for the profiles 18 of opening frames (for doors, windows, etc.) while the length C corresponds substantially to the section of the posts and rails 17 (for example 60 x 60 or 80 x 80 mm). Such a squaring piece is of very low cost and allows the instant installation of the uprights of frames, avoiding, as said above, the transport and the bulk of the frames ready for assembly or any operation of welding or drilling.

Several cladding configurations, both for the exterior walls of the building and for the roof, are miAjen work according to the technique of the invention. The most common representations are illustrated in Figure 8, where we can see
- in 8 a: a form of roof cladding whose end 36 a
the shape of a J with a leg turned outwards;
- in 8 b: a form of vertical cladding with, also, the
J-shaped mite for receiving a connecting clip
with joint cover 37;
- in 8 c: another configuration of vertical cladding planned
for connections without joint covers and whose ends
38 have the shape of an inverted V;
- in 8 d: another form of vertical cladding whose ends
39 (for two adjoining cladding) are joined by a clip 40 does
requiring no external seal.

 In addition to the types of connection means, in the form of a spring clip, already indicated and identified under the numbers 8, 12 and 13 in FIG. 1, specific clips have been shown in details in FIGS. 3 and 4. The clip of FIG. 4, illustrated by plan views (4 a) in partial section (4 c) and in a schematic profile (4 b), is based on the general principle described in French patent no. 77.00546 and is intended for connection of vertical cladding and roofing elements with subsequent installation of joint covers. Such a clip 41 is obtained from a metal blank 42 whose edges on the upper 43 and lower 44 are wound in the form of a coil acting as a spring and having in its middle part, on each side, a tongue 45 folded in the same direction along three planes. A plate 46 for fixing security is further provided with cutouts 47 which are embedded in the tongues or tabs 45 forming clamps.

 Another interesting clip structure is illustrated in FIG. 3 with plan views (3 a), in general schematic profile (3 b) and in partial section (3 c). This structure is particularly advantageous for the connection between vertical cladding and / or roofing elements without the need for joint coverings, therefore of conformation illustrated in 8 c in FIG. 8. This clip 48 is also composed of a blank metallic 49 with curved ends 50 like the aforementioned device delta in FIG. 4 a. However, according to a feature of the invention, the middle part of the blank 49 is provided with two slots 51 into which the edge of two curved eyelets 52 are inserted, between the interval 53 from which the cladding element or roofing. Such a system has the particular advantage that one can adapt any type of eyelet desired, depending on the element to be clipped, on the basic structure of the perforated blank. In addition, a safety or locking plate 54 is engaged by its two legs 55 in said eyelets, during mounting of the construction.

 Other types of clips are also provided in the construction method according to the invention and it will be noted, for example, with reference to general figures 1 and 2: a clip 56 intended for fixing the ridge elements 57; another clip 58 serving as a connection for any protective parts 59 of the upper part of the vertical cladding 5; as well as the clip associated with part 14 serving as a water jet and already mentioned above.

If we now refer to FIG. 9, we can see, still within the framework of the invention, two variants of a device making it possible to fix a clip (for example one of those mentioned above) on a support other than a metal frame as we had envisioned
So far in the embodiment described above. According to the mode illustrated in 9 a, the device is constituted by a flat element 60 substantially rectangular provided with lugs 61 turned inward at ninety degrees by providing in the central area 62 a free space where a conventional clip will be fixed. , for example the one shown in dotted lines in FIG. 9 b and bearing the number 63. The material 64 (for example wood, concrete or other) on which the device 60 is to be fixed has reservations 65 within which are housed the returns 66 of the legs 61. According to the variant 9 b, the device 60 ′ is provided this time with four flanges 67 with a groove 68 so as to adapt to the rounded cutout of reservation on the material 69 where we are going immobilize the device in the same way as above. The clip 63 adapts to the central free zone not provided with flanges as in the case of variant 9 a.

 Still in accordance with the assembly method according to the invention, it is possible to adapt a sign, or other superimposed element, to exterior building panels, by means of the special element 70 illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 10 which represents a projection on a horizontal plane a top view on the right part and bottom view on the left part of this figure. This element 70 in fact takes the configuration of a sort of clamp 71 with two re-entrant V's, the points of which are turned towards the exterior and which is illustrated at the bottom of the element to facilitate understanding. This element is extended by a tab 72 provided with a perforation 73 which can be used for the passage of the screw (or other) which will allow the fixing of the sign on the element 70. If we refer to Figure 8b we can see on the right that half of this element 70 has been shown above the joint cover 37.

 The invention is, of course, not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all the functional equivalents of each of the elements constituting the targeted assemblies. Various variants also fall within the scope of the invention such as? for example, the use of magnetic clips.

Claims (9)

 1. Set of devices for assembling and immobilizing, on a load-bearing structure, prefabricated elements such as exterior cladding, partitions and interior panels, ceilings and coverings, in particular for the production of ready-to-use buildings, type comprising as fixing means of said elements as well as of connection between them systems of staples and / or clip-springs making it possible to avoid any drilling and / or bolting, as described in the French patent nO 77.00546, the assembly being characterized in that it comprises the combination, in addition to the aforementioned means  a) an angle profile, of variable length and travel, allowing the cladding to be closed perfectly at the angles whatever the dimensions of the exterior panels;  b) a mobile squaring piece for the connection of the uprights of frames or window frames, for making any openings;  c) a spring clip intended for the connection of cladding without joint coverings, in particular for vertical cladding and roofing, said clip being associated with a cladding and / or roofing structure whose ends to be joined have substantially the shape of a V reversed.  2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the corner profile (15) comprises a first unitary elbow element (19) whose lateral ends (20) are provided with folds so as to constitute a loop (21) with two other identical sections (22) folded into two parallel wings (23) and terminated by a sort of hook (24) intended to receive the cladding panel adjoining a corner edge of the building to be constructed.  3. Assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, according to a variant, the angular element (192) has high and low wings (25) curved on the edges of its two branches and in which are engaged by sliding the folds of two secondary elements (26, 27) whose ends (28, 29) are bent puttleur fixing, by locking clip, to the cladding panel adjoining the angle of the construction.  4. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the unitary squaring piece (16) comprises a first branch (30) in a U with two free edges provided with folds (31) facing each other and a second branch (32) whose two edges contiguous to those of the first branch are also folded (33) at a right angle.  5. Assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that openings (35) are provided on the second branch (32) of the squaring piece (16) to receive a locking pull (34) intended to facilitate the maintenance of said part on the posts or beams (17) in connection with the frame uprights (18) of the building opening systems.  6. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spring clip (48) for connection of cladding without joint cover consists of a blank (49) with curved rounded ends (50) and the middle part of which is provided with slots (51) into which the edges of curved eyelets (52) are inserted between the interval (53) from which the cladding or roofing element to be assembled is pinched, a plate of locking (54) being further provided to engage by its legs (55) in the hollow of said eyelets.  7. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ends of the cladding and / or roofing to be assembled have conformations of the types: J-shape with leg turned outwards or inverted V-shape.  8. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it further includes: a device for fixing a clip on a support of a nature other than metallic and constitutes by a blank (60, 60 ') provided with flanges (61, 67) turned over, possibly provided with a groove (68) and which are inserted into the reservation (65) provided on the support material (64, 69), the central area of this blank being left free to receive said fixing of the clip (63) known per se or of the abovementioned types.  9. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it also comprises an element (70), serving as a sign holder or other superimposed element, in the form of clamps (71) with two re-entering V with points turned outwards and provided with a tab (72) with perforation (73).