FR2542295A1

FR2542295A1 - End-of rail stop-piece for a track

Info

Publication number: FR2542295A1
Application number: FR8303666A
Authority: FR
Inventors: Hubert Billiet; Raymond Olivier
Original assignee: SMIE
Current assignee: SMIE
Priority date: 1983-03-07
Filing date: 1983-03-07
Publication date: 1984-09-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a device making it possible to stop a machine moving on rails or over a running area. The device is characterised in that it comprises a cylindrical casing 1 with a welded end 2, a sliding shaft 3, a buffer 4, a piston 5 and spring-buffers 10 made of deformable elastomer in the shape of hollow cylinders. The spring-buffers 10 are slid onto the sliding shaft 3 via spacers 11 and washers 12. On the front face, the casing is closed by a ring 6, on which there is bolted the cover 7, comprising the guiding element 8 for the tube 9. The fixing method according to Figures 1 and 2 comprises clips 16, clamped onto the rail head via bolts 17. The clips bear on the tabs 18 which are themselves attached to the base 15, welded under the stem 13 reinforced by gusset plates 14.

Description

La prdsente invention concerne une butée de fin de rait de chemin de roulement pour tout engin se déplaçant sur raits, tels qu'engins de levage ou de manutention, par exemple Zes portiques, ponts rouZants et plus particulièrement les grues à tour. Ces butées sont destinées à empecher t'engin et notamment a grue de quitter la voie à l'extrémité du chemin de roulement en cas de fausse manoeuvre du grutier ou, pTus fréquemment, en dehors des périodes d'utilisation, sous des forces extérieures, telles qu'un vent vicient dans le sens des rails. The present invention relates to a stop at the end of the raceway for any machine moving on trains, such as lifting or handling machines, for example gantries, traveling cranes and more particularly tower cranes. These stops are intended to prevent the machine and in particular a crane from leaving the track at the end of the raceway in the event of a false maneuver by the crane operator or, more frequently, outside periods of use, under external forces, such as a wind blows in the direction of the rails.

Dans Zes dispositifs connus de ce genre, a butée est constituée d'un piston appuyant sur un ressort, système qui présente l'inconvé- nient de restituer son énergie et donc de repousser la base de la grue, ce qui peut provoquer son basculement. Ou bien, la butée est constituée d'un piston appuyant un parallélogramme repoussé par un ressort sur sa diagonale horizontale et équipé de freins sur Z'autre diagonale. Ce dispositif présente l'inconvénient de dissiper de a chaleur par usure des freins et de déformer par là les surfaces coopérant avec les freins pour assurer l'arrêt de l'engin. L'efficacité de ce dispositif diminue donc rapidement avec le nombre de fonctionnements.De plus, ce dernier dispositif est fixé sur le rail par serrage de boutons, prenant appui sur L'âme du rail. Vu la faible surface de contact des boulons sur le rail, ce dispositif présente l'inconvénient de glisser sur le rail, sous une forte poussée, si le serrage n'a pas été correctement effectué. In known devices of this kind, the stop consists of a piston pressing on a spring, a system which has the drawback of restoring its energy and therefore of pushing the base of the crane, which can cause it to tip over. Or, the stop consists of a piston pressing a parallelogram pushed by a spring on its horizontal diagonal and equipped with brakes on the other diagonal. This device has the drawback of dissipating heat by wearing the brakes and thereby deforming the surfaces cooperating with the brakes to stop the machine. The efficiency of this device therefore decreases rapidly with the number of operations. In addition, the latter device is fixed to the rail by tightening buttons, bearing on the soul of the rail. Given the small contact surface of the bolts on the rail, this device has the disadvantage of sliding on the rail, under a strong push, if the tightening has not been correctly carried out.

n est bien évident que, dans ce cas, le dispositif ne' peut plus ptir sa fonction.It is obvious that, in this case, the device can no longer perform its function.

Le dispositif suivant Z'invention permet de remédier à ces incon vdnients. En effet, iZ assure un freinage progressif sans restitution d'énergie ; de nombreux fonctionnements ne peuvent pas altérer son efficacité et il assure Z'arrêt absolu de t'engin même dans les cas les plus défavorables. The device according to the invention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks. In fact, iZ provides progressive braking without restitution of energy; many operations cannot alter its effectiveness and it ensures absolute stopping of the machine even in the most unfavorable cases.

Ce dispositif, fixé à cheval sur chacun des rails, au voisinage de leurs extrémités, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte essentiellement un corps cylindrique, comprenant des tampons-ressort en élastomère déformable et un support pour la fixation sur le rail. This device, fixed astride each of the rails, near their ends, characterized in that it essentially comprises a cylindrical body, comprising spring buffers in deformable elastomer and a support for fixing on the rail.

suivant la figure I, le corps est composé d'une enveloppe cylin- drique (I) avec un fond soudé (2), un axe coulissant (3), un tampon (4) et un piston (5). Sur la face avant, l'enveloppe est fermée par un anneau (6), sur lequel est boulonné le couvercle (7), comportant le guidage (8J du tube (9). according to figure I, the body is composed of a cylindrical casing (I) with a welded bottom (2), a sliding pin (3), a buffer (4) and a piston (5). On the front face, the envelope is closed by a ring (6), on which the cover (7) is bolted, comprising the guide (8J of the tube (9).

Les tampons-ressort (10) en élastomere déformable ont la forme de cylindres creux. ns sont enfilés sur l'axe coulissant (3J par Z'inter médiaire d'entretoises (11), chargées de délimiter la course de défor- mation des tampons dont le nombre est défini en fonction de la course souhaitée. La dureté des tampons dépend de l'énergie que la butée doit absorber. Ces duretés peuvent être progressives en fonction de la course. The spring buffers (10) made of deformable elastomer have the shape of hollow cylinders. They are threaded on the sliding axis (3J by Z'intermediary of spacers (11), responsible for delimiting the deformation stroke of the buffers, the number of which is defined according to the desired stroke. The hardness of the buffers depends energy that the stopper must absorb. These hardnesses can be progressive depending on the stroke.

les dimensions des tampons dépendent de l'effort final développé par l'engin ou la grue et de la quantité d'énergie à absorber.the dimensions of the buffers depend on the final effort developed by the machine or the crane and on the amount of energy to be absorbed.

Des rondelles (12) sont intercalées entre les tampons-ressort. Washers (12) are interposed between the spring buffers.

Elles servent d'une part de butée aux entretoises (11), d'autre part de guidage à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (1).They serve on the one hand as a stop for the spacers (11), on the other hand as a guide inside the envelope (1).

La butée d'arrêt, objet de l'invention, est fixé sur Ze rai2 par un dispositif démontable. Compte tenu des différents types de rails et des différentes tailles de butée d'arrêt, six modes de fixation sont retenus. La partie commune à tous les modes de fixation est constituée d'une âme (13), de goussets (14) et d'une semelle (15). The stopper, object of the invention, is fixed to Ze rai2 by a removable device. Taking into account the different types of rails and the different sizes of stopper, six fixing methods are chosen. The part common to all the fixing methods consists of a core (13), gussets (14) and a sole (15).

Le premier mode de fixation suivant figures 1 et 2 comprend des crapauds (16), serrés sur le champignon du rail par l'intermédiaire de boutons (17). Les crapauds prennent appui sur les pattes (18), qui elles-mêmes sont solidaires de la semelle (15). Le serrage est effectué sur les faces inférieures inclinées du champignon des rails. La forme des crapauds suit la même inclinaison. La position horizontale des crapauds et les dimensions judicieuses de ceux-ci autorisent une légere déformation au serrage des boulons. Grâce à cette déformation la surface d'appui des crapauds est maximale sur tous les types de rails. The first fixing method according to Figures 1 and 2 comprises toads (16), clamped on the head of the rail by means of buttons (17). The toads bear on the legs (18), which themselves are integral with the sole (15). Tightening is carried out on the inclined undersides of the rail head. The shape of the toads follows the same inclination. The horizontal position of the toads and the judicious dimensions of these allow a slight deformation when tightening the bolts. Thanks to this deformation the bearing surface of the toads is maximum on all types of rails.

Le deuxième mode de fixation suivant figures 3 et 4 comprend des crapauds articulés (19) sur deux axes (20) par l'intermédiaire des oreilles (21). Le serrage des crapauds sur le champignon du rail est effectué par les boulons (22). Là encore Ze serrage est effectué sur les faces inférieures inclinées du champignon des rails. Le processus de serrage est identique à celui du premier mode de fixation. Mais dans ce cas-ci les crapauds sont imperdables. The second fastening method according to Figures 3 and 4 comprises articulated toads (19) on two axes (20) via the ears (21). The clamps on the rail head are tightened by the bolts (22). Again Ze tightening is performed on the inclined undersides of the rail head. The tightening process is identical to that of the first fastening method. But in this case the toads are captive.

Le troisième mode de fixation suivant figures 5 et 6 comprend des pinces (23), rapportées sur les goussets (14). Les boulons traversants (24) serrent les crapauds (25) sur Ze champignon du rail. Grace à la forme inclinée des faces infdrieures des pinces les crapauds ont une sectipn rectangulaire normale. Les talons des pinces ont des dimen sions telles que la surface maximale dé pose des crapauds sur la face inférieure des champignons de rai2 est obtenue après une déformation des crapauds, due au serrage des boulons. The third fastening method according to Figures 5 and 6 comprises clips (23), attached to the gussets (14). The through bolts (24) tighten the toads (25) on the rail head. Thanks to the inclined shape of the lower faces of the pliers, the toads have a normal rectangular section. The pliers' heels have dimensions such that the maximum surface area of the toads placed on the underside of the rai2 mushrooms is obtained after the toads are deformed due to the tightening of the bolts.

Le quatrième mode de fixation suivant figures 7 et 8 comprend des griffes latérales symétriques ou asymétriques (26), serrées sur le champignon du rail par l'intermédiaire des boulons (27). Dans ce casci le serrage a lieu sur toutes les faces du champignon du rail. La surface maximale de pose des griffes sur le champignon des rails est obtenue après déformation des griffes, due au serrage des boulons. The fourth fixing method according to FIGS. 7 and 8 comprises symmetrical or asymmetrical lateral claws (26), tightened on the head of the rail by means of the bolts (27). In this case tightening takes place on all sides of the rail head. The maximum surface area for claws on the rail head is obtained after deformation of the claws, due to the tightening of the bolts.

Comme la surface de pose et de serrage est pZus importante que dans les trois premiers cas de fization, ce mode de montage est utilisé pour des butées de taille importante.As the installation and tightening surface is larger than in the first three cases of fization, this mounting method is used for large stops.

Le cinquième mode de fixation suivant figures 9 et 10 comprend deux règlettes (28), retenues par des boulons (29) et équipées de talons (30) à l'avant. Les boulons sont vissés dans des pattes (31), solidaires de la semelle (15). Les règlettes sont composées de quatre plats, qui ont chacun des fonctions particulières. Le plat supérieur est chargé de serrer la face supérieure du champignon du rail et d'assurer la liaison entre la semelle (15) et le rait. Le plat inférieur assure la pose et le serrage de la face inférieure inclinée du champignon du rail. Le plat latéral assure la pose et le serrage sur la face latérale inclinée du champignon du rail. Le plat de guidage latéral, formant un angle avec le plat précédent, sert au guidage des boulons de serrage et à la retenue longitudinale de la butée par rapport aux règlettes.A cette fin ce plat de guidage est percd de trous au niveau et aux dimensions des boulons. The fifth attachment mode according to Figures 9 and 10 comprises two strips (28), retained by bolts (29) and equipped with heels (30) at the front. The bolts are screwed into lugs (31), integral with the sole (15). The rulers are made up of four dishes, each of which has specific functions. The upper plate is responsible for clamping the upper face of the rail head and ensuring the connection between the sole (15) and the rait. The lower plate ensures the installation and the tightening of the inclined lower face of the rail head. The lateral plate ensures installation and tightening on the inclined lateral face of the rail head. The lateral guide plate, forming an angle with the previous plate, is used for guiding the tightening bolts and for the longitudinal retention of the stop relative to the strips. To this end this guide plate is pierced with holes at the level and dimensions bolts.

Comme pour le quatrième mode de fixation le serrage a lieu sur toutes les faces du champignon du rail. La surface maximale de pose des règlettes sur le champignon des rails est obtenue après déformation des règlettes, due au serrage'des boulons. Ce mode de fixation est utilisé pour tes butées à monter sur les types de rails, exigeant une grande surface de pose et de serrage.As with the fourth method of fixing, tightening takes place on all sides of the rail head. The maximum surface of installation of the strips on the rail head is obtained after deformation of the strips, due to the tightening of the bolts. This fixing method is used for your stops to be mounted on the types of rails, requiring a large surface of installation and tightening.

Le sixième mode de fixation suivant figures 9 et 10 comprend deux paires de règlettes auto-bloquantes (31 et 32), pourvues de talons(34) à l'avant. Le préserrage sur le champignon du rai2 est effectué au moyen de boulons (35), visés dans des pattes (36). Ces dernières sont solidaires de la semelle (15). Chaque paire de réglette est composée de cinq pièces. The sixth attachment mode according to Figures 9 and 10 comprises two pairs of self-locking strips (31 and 32), provided with heels (34) at the front. The pre-clamping on the rai2 mushroom is carried out by means of bolts (35), aimed in lugs (36). The latter are integral with the sole (15). Each pair of strips is made up of five pieces.

Comme ci-dessus, le plat supérieur est chargé de serrer la face supé- rieure du champignon du mi2 et d'assurer la liaison entre la semelle (15) et le rail. Le plat inférieur assure la pose et le serrage de la face inférieure inclinée du champignon du rail. Le plat latéral a une section transversale, dont la largeur se réduit de l'avant vers l'ar- rière. Ce plat appuie sur la cale intérieurequia une section transversale dont la largeur augmente de l'avant vers l'arrière. La cale intérieure assure la pose et le serrage sur la face latérale inclinée du champignon du rail. Le plat de guidage latéral guide les boulons de serrage et assure la retenue longitudinale de la butée par rapport aux règlettes. A cette fin ce plat de guidage est percé de trous au niveau et aux dimensions des boulons. Comme pour les quatrième et cinquième modes de fixation, le serrage a -Zieu sur toutes les faces du champignon du rail. Le serrage final du système de fixation est réalisé au moment du choc, provoqué par l'engin ou la grue, tamponnant la butée. Le système d'autoblocage réalise un rapport supérieur à l'unité entre l'effort de tamponnement et l'effort de serrage des boulons. Ce mode de fixation est utilisé pour les butées très grandes, devant arrêter des engins de manutention et en particulier des grues à tours de taille très importante et dont les vitesses de déplacement sont élevées. As above, the upper plate is responsible for clamping the upper face of the mi2 mushroom and ensuring the connection between the sole (15) and the rail. The lower plate ensures the installation and the tightening of the inclined lower face of the rail head. The side plate has a cross section, the width of which is reduced from the front to the rear. This dish rests on the inner wedge which has a cross section whose width increases from front to back. The inner shim ensures installation and tightening on the inclined lateral face of the rail head. The lateral guide plate guides the tightening bolts and ensures the longitudinal retention of the stop relative to the strips. To this end this guide plate is pierced with holes at the level and dimensions of the bolts. As for the fourth and fifth fixing modes, the tightening has -Zieu on all the faces of the rail head. The final tightening of the fastening system is carried out at the time of the shock, caused by the machine or the crane, buffering the stop. The self-locking system achieves a greater than unity ratio between the buffering force and the bolt tightening force. This method of attachment is used for very large stops, which must stop handling equipment and in particular very large tower cranes with high travel speeds.

Claims

CLAIMS v Device making it possible to stop a machine moving on rails of any type of raceway or moving on any rolling area and intended to be fixed in the first case, straddling each of the rails, in the vicinity of their ends, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical casing (1), spring buffers made of deformable elastomer (10) and a support with parts for adaptation to different types of rails

2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring buffers have the form of hollow cylinders, comprising inside the stroke limiting spacers (10).

3) Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that several spring buffers of identical or variable hardness are threaded in series on a sliding pin (3) inside the envelope, that the guidance is provided by washers (11), interposed between the pads and that the transverse deformation of the pads is limited by the cylindrical body.

4) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardness and the diameter of the spring buffers vary according to the mass of the handling device, running on the rails or on the rolling area, and the speed with which this handling device can strike the device and characterized in that the length and the number of buffers vary as a function of the desired stop stroke.

5) Device according to claim 1, characterized by a first method of attachment, composed of toads (16), bearing on legs (18) integral with the sole (15) and clamped on the head of the rail by means of bolts (17). The maximum squaring surface on the underside of the rail mushrooms is obtained after deformation of the toads, due to the tightening of the bolts.

6) Device according to claim 1, characterized by a second method of fixing, composed of toads (19), articulated on two axes (201 by means of ears (21) and tightened on the head of the rail by means of bolts (22) The maximum tightening surface on the underside of the mushrooms is obtained after deformation of the toads due to the tightening of the bolts.

7) Device according to claim 1, characterized by a third method of fixing, composed of clamps (23) and toads (25), tightened together around the head of the rail by means of bolts (24), and characterized in that that the undersides of the clamps are inclined, thus being able to receive toads of rectangular shape.

The maximum clamping surface on the underside of the rail mushrooms is obtained after deformation of the toads, due to the tightening of the bolts.

8) Device according to claim 1, characterized by a fourth method of attachment, composed of heel claws (26), tightened on the rail head by means of the bolts (27) and characterized in that Ze tightening has place on all faces of the rai2 mushroom and that the maximum surface for placing the claws on the rail mushroom is obtained after deformation of the claws, due to the tightening of the bolts.

9i Device according to claim 1 characterized by a fifth method of attachment, consisting of strips (28) with heels (30) forward and tightened on the- mushroom of the rail via the bolts (29) which are screwed in the lugs (31), integral with the sole (15), and characterized in that the strips are composed of four plates which each have specific functions, and in that the maximum surface for laying the strips on the rail head is obtained after deformation of the strips, due to tightening of the bolts.

10) Device according to claim 1, characterized by a sixth method of attachment, composed of two pairs of self-locking strips (31 and 32), provided with heels (34) at the front, and characterized in that Ze pre-clamping on Ze rail head is effected by means of bolts (35), screwed into lugs (36) integral with the sole (15). Device characterized in that the strips have symmetrical dimensions and in that they are composed of five parts, which each have specific functions. Device characterized in that the tightening takes place on all the faces of the head of the rail and in that the final tightening is carried out by the energy released by the handling machine hitting the stop.